水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)- 水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)課程組 Water qua

水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)Waterqualitymonitoringtechnology--水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)課程組WaterqualitymonitoringTechnologyCoursegroup養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)氨氮的檢測與調(diào)控Detectionandregulationofammonianitrogeninaquaculturewaterquality水中氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害Harmofammonianitrogeninwatertoaquacultureorganisms《水質(zhì)監(jiān)控技術(shù)》課程WaterQualityMonitoringTechnologycourse掌握氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害；Mastertheharmofammonianitrogentoaquacultureorganisms;掌握總氨氮中分子氮的計算方法。Masterthecalculationmethodofmolecularnitrogenintotalammonianitrogen.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)2.Learningobjective2學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.Learningobjective1學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Learningobjective氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害Harmofammonianitrogentoaquacultureorganisms慢性氨氮中毒危害為：Chronicammonianitrogenpoisoninghazardsare:攝食降低，生長減慢Foodintakedecreasesandgrowthslows組織損傷Tissueinjury降低氧在組織間的輸送Reduceoxygentransportbetweentissues損害鰓的離子交換Ionexchangethatimpairsthegills增加疾病的易感性Increasedsusceptibilitytodisease應(yīng)激使動物更易受感染Stressmakesanimalsmoresusceptibletoinfection降低生殖能力Reducedfertility減少懷卵量Reducethenumberofeggs降低卵的存活力Reduceseggviability延遲產(chǎn)卵(繁殖)Delayedspawning增加鰓的通透性Increasegillpermeability高濃度的NH4可影響鰓上其它離子的交換HighconcentrationsofNH4canaffecttheexchangeofotherionsonthegill亢奮excited喪失平衡Lossofbalance抽搐convulsion死亡Death急性氨氮中毒危害為：Thehazardsofacuteammonianitrogenpoisoningare:氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害Harmofammonianitrogentoaquacultureorganisms總氨氮的毒性Toxicityoftotalammonianitrogen品種variety致死水平Lethallevel品種variety致死水平Lethallevel鯉魚魚苗Carpfry1.80羅非魚tilapia2.40草魚(26日齡)Grasscarp(26daysold)0.57雜交羅非魚Hybridtilapia2.88草魚(47日齡)Grasscarp(47daysold)1.61鯰魚Catfish1.45草魚(125日齡)Grasscarp(125daysold)1.68虹鱒Rainbowtrout0.49大口鱸魚Largemouthbass0.70-1.20斑節(jié)對蝦Penaeusmaculatus1.69我國《漁業(yè)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定非離子氨氮含量應(yīng)不超過0.02mg/L，但在實際養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境中往往很難達到，根據(jù)有關(guān)研究結(jié)果，池塘中非離子氨氮含量應(yīng)該控制在0.2mg/L以下。China's"fisherywaterqualitystandards"standardstipulatesthatthenon-ionicammonianitrogencontentshouldnotexceed0.02mg/L,butitisoftendifficulttoachieveintheactualfarmingenvironment,accordingtorelevantresearchresults,thepondnon-ionicammonianitrogencontentshouldbecontrolledbelow0.2mg/L.氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害Harmofammonianitrogentoaquacultureorganisms總氨氮中分子氨的計算方法Calculationmethodformolecularammoniaintotalammonianitrogen氨氮的毒性表（鹽度0-0.5ppt）Toxicitytableofammonianitrogen(salinity0-0.5ppt)NH3在總氨氮中所占的比率TheratioofNH3tototalammonianitrogen氨氮的毒性表（鹽度0-0.5ppt）Toxicitytableofammonianitrogen(salinity0-0.5ppt)NH3在總氨氮中所占的比率TheratioofNH3tototalammonianitrogen總氨氮中分子氨的計算方法Calculationmethodformolecularammoniaintotalammonianitrogen假設(shè)某養(yǎng)殖水體:Supposethataaquaculturewaterbody:總氨氮（TAN）=2.0mg/L、鹽度=15pptTotalammonianitrogen(TAN)=2.0mg/L,salinity=15ppt

溫度=30oCTemperature=30°C

根據(jù)上表可知：Accordingtotheabovetable:pH=7.8

NH3=2.00.0274=0.0548mg/LpH=9.0時，NH3=2.00.3088=0.6176mg/L兩者的NH3濃度相差：NH3concentrationdifferencebetweenthetwo:

0.6176/0.0548=11.27(倍times）總氨氮中分子氨的計算方法Calculationmethodformolecularammoniaintotalammonianitrogen假設(shè)某養(yǎng)殖水體：Supposethataaquaculturewaterbody:總氨氮（TAN）=2.0mg/LTotalammonianitrogen

鹽度=15pptsalinity

溫度1=20oC,pH1=7.0Temperature1

溫度2=35oC,pH2=9.0Temperature2根據(jù)上表可計算出：Accordingtotheabovetable,itcanbecalculated:NH3-1=2.00.0022=0.0044mg/LNH3-2=2.00.3858=0.7716mg/L兩種情況下NH3濃度相差：NH3concentrationdifferenceinthetwocases:

0.7716/0.0044=175.37（倍times）總氨氮中分子氨的計算方法Calculationmethodformolecularammoniaintotalammonianitrogen小結(jié)Briefsummary氨氮對養(yǎng)殖生物的危害：Harmofammonianitrogentoaquacultureorganisms:慢性危害急性危害總氨氮中分子氨的計算方法：Calculationmethodformolecularammoniaintotalammonianitrogen先從表中查出在一定鹽度和溫度條件下分子氨所占的比例，再用總氨氮的含量乘以分子氨的比例就是分子氨的含量。First,findouttheproportionofmolecularammoniafromthetableundercertains