適用于新教材2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Unit4ScientistsWhoChangedtheWorld牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

必修第三冊(cè)Unit4Ⅰ.閱讀理解IgorSikorskywasbornonMay25th,1889.Sikorskydevelopedaninterestinnaturalscienceinhisyouth.HebeganstudyingattheSaintPetersburgMaritimeCadetCorpsattheageof14.In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering,sohelefttostudyinParis.In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather,helearnedoftheachievementsoftheWrightBrothersandFerdinandvonZeppelin’sairships.Sikorskylatersaidaboutthis:“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”Sikorskythenstartedhisworkondesigningahelicopter.Thefirsttwoattemptsfailedin1909and1910,sohestoppedandturnedtofixed-wingaircraft(飛行器).Hisfirstattempt,theS-1,alsofailed.Buthissecondattempt,theS-2,wasasuccess.Hecontinuedtodevelophisknowledgetoimprovehisairplanemodels.Duringthistime,healsogothispilot’slicense(執(zhí)照).Hisfifthplane,theS-5,wonhimnationalattention.Hissixthplane,theS-6-A,wonhimthehighestawardatthe1912MoscowAviationExhibition.Hebuiltthefirstfour-engineplanein1913.Tocontinuetoseekhisdream,SikorskywenttotheUnitedStatesin1919,wherehebeganteachingmathematics.HeworkeddayandnightandsavedenoughmoneytoestablishhisownaviationcompanyonLongIslandin1923.ThecompanydidprettywellbutSikorskywasdreamingbig.Allthistime,hisdreamofbuildingahelicopterhadjustgrownbiggerandheneverstoppedwritingdownhisdesignsandideas.In1939,hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.ItwasthefirstsuccessfulhelicopteroftheUnitedStatesandby1940servedasthemodelforallsingle-rotor(單旋翼)helicopters.Sikorsky’sworkcontributedgreatlytotheaviationindustryandhewasrecognizedasthefatherofhelicoptersbecauseofhispioneeringdesigns.Heofficiallyretiredin1957,buthecontinuedtoworkasaconsultant(顧問)untilhisdeathin1972attheageof83.1.WhatdidIgorSikorskydoafteratripin1908?A.Hemadeengineeringhismajor.B.HemovedfromFrancetoGermany.C.Hedecidedtochangehislife’swork.D.Hereturnedhometocontinuehisstudies.2.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.IgorSikorsky’scontinuoushardwork.B.ThelifelessonsIgorSikorskylearned.C.ThereasonsforIgorSikorsky’spastfailures.D.IgorSikorsky’sattemptstodesignhelicopters.3.Whathappenedinthe1930s?A.IgorSikorsky’shelicopterwasasuccess.B.IgorSikorskyreceivedhispilot’slicense.C.IgorSikorsky’sowncompanywassetup.D.IgorSikorskybecameamathematicsteacher.4.WhatdoesthestoryofIgorSikorskyinspirepeopletodo?A.Tofacedangerfearlessly.B.Totreasurewhattheyhave.C.Toseekhelpfromothers.D.Tosticktotheirdreams.Ⅱ.七選五(2024廣東汕尾調(diào)研)Throughoutourlives,wehavebeentoldtotakecareofourphysicalhealth.Butwhatisoftenignoredismentalhealth.That’swhyWorldMentalHealthDaywascreated.1.

WhenisWorldMentalHealthDay?WorldMentalHealthDayisonOctober10th.Thoughthereisonespecificdateforit,itisoftentimescelebratedandobservedoverthecourseofaweek.2,itallowsmorepeopletoknowabouttheimportanceofmentalhealthanditeducatesthepublicaboutthe“why”,“how”and“what”ofmentalhealth.

WhatisthehistoryofWorldMentalHealthDay?3.Whenitfirststarted,thedayhadnotheme,butinsteadwasanexcuseformedicalworkerstoeducatethepubliconwhatwasnotalwaysopenlydiscussed—whatmentalhealthisandtheissuesthatsurroundit.Mentalhealthaffectseverythingfromouremotionalstatetoourphysicalstate,andeverythinginbetween.Inthefirstfewyears,organizersusuallyhostedagloballivebroadcast,leadingtolivetelephoneparticipationfromallovertheworld.

4?

Youcanvolunteerinordonatesomemoneytomentalhealthservicestoimprovethelivelihoodsofpeoplestrugglingwithmentalillnesses.Besides,toooftenwearetoobusytoslowdownandtakeabreath.Ifyoutakeamentalhealthday,youaregivingyourselfthespacetogrowandtakecareofyourmentalhealth.Lastly,youshouldcheckonyourfriends.Goforawalkwiththemorhaveanextendedphoneconversationifyouarefaraway.5.

A.WhymentalhealthissoimportantB.HowtoobserveWorldMentalHealthDayC.BycelebratingitinaweekinsteadofadayD.IfwevaluetheimportanceofmentalhealthE.ThefirstWorldMentalHealthDaybeganin1992F.Inthisarticle,let’sexploreWorldMentalHealthDayG.YoumightbesurprisedathowmuchyoucanhelpthemrelaxⅢ.語法填空(2024山東泰平安真模擬)The9thdayofthe9thlunarmonthisthetraditionalChongyangFestival,orDoubleNinthFestival.It1.(normal)fallsinOctoberintheGregoriancalendar.Onthisday,peoplelikeeatingDoubleNinthGao(orCake).InChinese,gao(cake)hasthesame2.(pronounce)withgao(height).Peopledosojusttohopeforprogressineverythingtheyareengagedin.Asamatteroffact,thereareno3.(fix)waysfortheDoubleNinthcake,butsupercakeshaveasmanyasninelayers,lookinglikeatower.

TheDoubleNinthFestivalisalsoatime4.thechrysanthemum(菊花)blooms.Chinaboastsdiversifiedspeciesofchrysanthemumandpeoplehavelovedthemsinceancienttimes.Soenjoyingtheflourishingchrysanthemumalsobecomes5.essentialactivityinthisfestival.Also,peopleusuallydrinkchrysanthemumwine.Womenused6.(stick)suchaflowerintotheirhairorhangitsbranchesonwindowsordoorstoavoidevilness.

In1989,theChinesegovernmentdecidedtheDoubleNinthFestival7.Seniors’Day.Sincethen,allgovernmentunits,organizationsandstreetcommunities8.(organize)ayearlyautumntripforthosewhohaveretiredfromtheir9.(post).Atthewatersideoronthemountains,theseniorsfind10.(they)inharmonywithnature.Youngergenerationsalwaysbringelderonestosuburbanareasorsendgiftstothemonthisday.

Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。(2024河北衡水二模)Iwasfouryearsoldin1993,whenmyfamilyemigrated(移民)fromtheUnitedArabEmiratestoToronto.Youngenoughtobechangedbymynewhome,butoldenoughtoknowIwasdifferentfromeveryonearoundme.IwastheonlyArabandonlyMusliminmyjuniorkindergartenclass.Beyondthoseobviousdifferences,Canadianlifeprovedtobequitedistinctinotherways.AndIdiscoveredanothersurprisethatDecember.Overnight,everythingwassuddenlycoveredinredandgreen.Myclassmatestalkedexcitedlyaboutcookiesandwhatgiftsthey’daskedSantaforthatChristmas.Atsomepoint,Imusthaveaskedmyself,“WhatisChristmas?”There’snothingquitelikeitintheMuslimworld.TheclosestcomparisonmightbeEidal-Adha,whichtranslatesfromArabicto“Festivalofsacrifice”.Whilebothholidaysshowthesamespiritofsharingwiththelessfortunateandspendingtimewithlovedones,Eidmeantnewclothesandafamilydinner.Andthatwasaboutit.Notreedecoratedwithornaments(裝飾物),andnogiftscoveredinwrappingpaper.Christmaswascompletelyforeigntome,butthenmyparentsunexpectedlyinformedmethatSantawouldbepayingusavisitonChristmasEve.“Butaren’tweMuslim?”Iasked.“Yes,butSantalovesallchildrenequallyandgetsthemallgifts,”mymotherreplied.SoonthatfirstChristmasEveinCanada,shehungoversizedredandwhitestockings,eachonecustomizedwithournames,offourbedposts.IhaveadistinctmemoryoftherestlessexpectationthatkeptmeawakelongafterbedtimeandmyjoywhenIgotuponChristmasmorningtofindmystockingfilledwithgifts.Stillinmypyjamas(睡衣),IranovertothekitchentotellmyparentsthatSantahadindeedvisiteduslastnight.Iaskedifthey’dseenhim,andMomsaid,“Ofcourse!”MomofferedSantaacupofcoffee,asistheArabcustomwhenhostingguests.Heneededtheenergyforthelongnightahead,shetoldme.WhenIreturnedtoschoolaftertheholidays,Ihadastorytosharewithmyclassmates.Santahadvisitedmetoo!Icouldshowoffgiftswhileotherkidsshowedofftheirs.留意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。MyparentskeptourChristmastraditiongoingforyears,untilIwastoooldtobelieveinSantaanymore.

Asanadult,I’vecometorealizecreatingasenseofbelongingisjoiningintraditions.

參考答案必修第三冊(cè)Unit4Ⅰ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述在直升機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域做出開創(chuàng)性貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)家伊戈?duì)枴の骺扑够墓适隆?.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering”和“In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.”以及其次段的“Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather”和“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”可知,1908年伊戈?duì)枴の骺扑够谀谴温眯兄蟊惆阉幕孟霃臋C(jī)械工程改成了航空。2.A主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,本段主要呈現(xiàn)了伊戈?duì)枴の骺扑够谠O(shè)計(jì)飛行器方面所作出的不懈努力。3.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈?duì)枴の骺扑够胍O(shè)計(jì)直升機(jī)的幻想在1939年實(shí)現(xiàn),最終完成了VS-300并親自駕駛進(jìn)行了首飛。由此可知,20世紀(jì)30年頭,IgorSikorsky設(shè)計(jì)的直升機(jī)取得了勝利。4.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段和第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈?duì)枴の骺扑够孟胫圃熘鄙龣C(jī),盡管經(jīng)驗(yàn)多次失敗,他卻從未放棄,并持續(xù)不斷努力,最終取得勝利。由此可推知,他的故事激勵(lì)人們堅(jiān)持自己的幻想。Ⅱ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。我們始終被提示要留意身體健康,但是我們常常忽視了精神衛(wèi)生,文章主要介紹了“世界精神衛(wèi)生日”的來歷及其他細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。1.F第一段從身體健康引出精神健康的重要性,上文“That’swhyWorldMentalHealthDaywascreated.”承上啟下,引出下文,F項(xiàng)“在這篇文章中,讓我們來探討一下世界精神衛(wèi)生日”符合語境。2.C設(shè)空處前的句子“itisoftentimescelebratedandobservedoverthecourseofaweek”指出,雖然世界精神衛(wèi)生日被設(shè)立在固定的一天,但是相關(guān)活動(dòng)常常持續(xù)一周,C項(xiàng)“用一周而不是一天來慶?！背薪由衔?并引出下一句話。3.E該段的小標(biāo)題為“WhatisthehistoryofWorldMentalHealthDay?”因此本段在闡述世界精神衛(wèi)生日的歷史。E項(xiàng)的“第一個(gè)世界精神衛(wèi)生日始于1992年”符合段意,并且與下一句“Whenitfirststarted”吻合。4.B設(shè)空處是小標(biāo)題,是本段的主題句。從本段文句里列舉的在這一天我們能做的事情和活動(dòng)可知,本段主題是如何慶祝世界精神衛(wèi)生日。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,B項(xiàng)“如何慶祝世界精神衛(wèi)生日”符合語境。5.G結(jié)合設(shè)空處的前面兩句“Lastly,youshouldcheckonyourfriends.Goforawalkwiththemorhaveanextendedphoneconversationifyouarefaraway.”可知,設(shè)空處須要總結(jié)關(guān)切摯友的精神健康能給摯友帶來的好處。G項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)驚異于你能在多大程度上幫助他們放松”符合語境。Ⅲ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是中國的重陽節(jié)。1.normally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞falls用副詞形式,故填nunciation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。same是形容詞,修飾名詞,故填pronunciation。3.fixed考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎椕~ways用形容詞作定語,故填fixed。4.when考查定語從句。分