（高考英語作文煉句）第42篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.通過幫助我們保持和提升總體身體健康,運動能夠降低我們得慢性病的幾率.反之,缺乏體育運動可使我們的患病風險提高.例如,那些從來不運動或很少運動的人患高血壓的風險更高.Byhelpingustomaintainandimprove

overallphysicalfitness(1.總體身體健康),exerciselowersourchancesofdeveloping

chronicdisease(2.慢性疾病).

Conversely(3.相反),alackofphysicalactivitycanincreaseourriskforhealthproblems.Thosewhoneverorrarelyexercise,forexample,are

atgreaterriskof

(4.處于更高的……風險)highbloodpressure.

1-overallphysicalfitness

詞典釋義：overallUK

[???.v?'r?：l]

US

[?o?.v?'ɑ：l]

adverb

[beforenoun]

adjective

IMPROVER

■ingeneralratherthaninparticular,orincludingall

thepeopleorthingsinaparticulargrouporsituation

總的(來說);全面的(地);包括一切的(地)?The

overall

situationisgood,despiteafewminor

problems.盡管有些小問題,局勢總的來說是好的.?Overall,it

hasbeenagoodyear.總的來說,這一年很不錯.?The

overall

winner,aftertengames,willreceive

$250000.10場比賽后,總冠軍將獲得25萬美元.

fitness['f?t.n?s]

noun

uncountable

HEALTH

健康

IMPROVER

■theconditionofbeingphysicallystrongandhealthy

健壯;健康?I'mtryingtoimprovemy

fitness

bycyclingto

work.我每天騎腳踏車上班,想以此來改善健康狀況.

外刊例句：Swimmingisnotonlyagreattestof

overallphysicalfitness,it'sagood

waytocooloffifyoufindyourselfplayingfootballsomewhereentirely

unsuitable,suchasQatar.

()游泳不僅是測試身體機能的好途徑,而如果你是在如卡塔爾等完全不宜踢球的地方踢球的話,它還是個降溫的好方法.

替換表達：overallphysicalwell-being/overallphysicalhealth

2-chronicdisease

詞典釋義：chronicUK

['kr?n.?k]

US

['krɑ：.n?k]

adjective

LONGLASTING

長期的

ADVANCED

■(especiallyofadiseaseorsomethingbad)continuingfor

alongtime

(尤指疾病或不好的事物)慢性的,長期的?chronic

diseases/conditions慢性病?chronic

arthritis/pain慢性關(guān)節(jié)炎／長期的疼痛?a

chronic

invalid長期病患者?Thereisa

chronic

shortage

ofteachers.教師長期短缺.

外刊例句：Now,illnessesassociatedwithWesternliving

standardsarethefastestgrowingkillersinpoorandmiddle-income

countries.

Chronicdisease

has

becomethepoorworld'sgreatesthealthproblem.

()與西方生活水平有關(guān)的疾病現(xiàn)在正于貧困和中等收入國家迅速蔓延,毒害民眾.慢性疾病已經(jīng)成了第三世界中最嚴重的健康問題.

替換表達：chronicillnesses

3-conversely

詞典釋義：conversely

●○○○○1.ADV

副詞

相反地;反過來說

Yousay

conversely

to

indicatethatthesituationyouareabouttodescribeistheoppositeor

reverseoftheoneyouhavejustdescribed.

【搭配模式】：ADVwithcl

【語域標簽】：FORMAL正式?Inreallife,nobodywasallbad,nor,

conversely,allgood.在現(xiàn)實生活中,沒有徹頭徹尾的壞人,相反地,也沒有完完全全的好人.

替換表達：ontheotherhand,in/bycontrast

外刊例句：Loneliness,

conversely,canbedeadly：onestudyfounditdidmoredamageto

healththansmoking.

()相反,孤獨其實十分致命：研究發(fā)現(xiàn),孤獨比起抽煙還要危害健康.

4-beatgreaterriskof

詞典釋義：

atrisk

IMPROVER

■inadangeroussituation

處境危險,冒風險?Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasareat

risk

of

flooding.所有離海岸不足100米的房子都有被洪水襲擊的危險.

外刊例句：Teenagerswholiveinlargecitiescould

beatgreaterriskof

having

psychoticexperiences,accordingtoresearchexaminingtheimpactofurban

lifeonmentalhealth.

()根據(jù)關(guān)于城市生活對心理健康影響的調(diào)查,生活在大都市的年輕人患上心理疾病的風險更高.

替換表達：athigherriskof

學生錯誤表達：Havehigh

riskof點評：這里缺少冠詞a,應該改為haveahigherriskof

2.雖然人們?yōu)榱瞬杉{積極的生活方式需要付出巨大的努力,而且保持這種生活方式需要更強的意志力,但那些積極參加運動的人會獲得回報,而他們?nèi)狈\動的同伴只會因缺乏鍛煉而吃到苦頭.Althoughitrequiresgreatefforttoadopt

anactivelifestyle

(1.積極的生活方式)andgreater

willpower

(2.意志力)tomaintainit,thosewhoarephysicallyactivewill

reaptherewards(3.獲得回報),whiletheir

sedentary

(4.缺乏運動的)counterpartswillsuffertheconsequencesofinactivity.

1-anactivelifestyle

詞典釋義：active

['?k.t?v]

adjective

BUSY/INVOLVED

忙的／參與的

ESSENTIAL

■busywithorreadytoperformaparticularactivity

忙碌的;積極的;活躍的?physically/mentally

active經(jīng)常運動／思想活躍?You'vegottotryto

keep

active

asyougrow

older.年紀大了,應該盡量保持身心活躍.?Enemyforcesremain

active

inthemountainousareas

aroundthecity.敵軍在城市周圍的山區(qū)仍活動猖獗.?She'svery

active

in

(=involvedin)local

politics.她積極參與當?shù)氐恼位顒??Bothofhisparentswerevery

politically

active.他的父母在政治上都很積極.?Itisimportanttoeducatechildrenbeforetheybecome

sexually

active.在孩子進入性活躍期之前對他們進行有關(guān)教育很重要.?Hetakesamore

active

role

intheteam

nowadays.現(xiàn)在他在隊里發(fā)揮著更為積極的作用.?She'san

active

member

ofhertradeunion(=

notonlybelongstoit,butdoesworktohelpit).她是工會中的活躍分子.

外刊例句：Apersonwith

anactivelifestyle,anathleteormanualworkerforexample,

needsahighcalorieintake.

()生活方式激烈的人群,比如運動員和體力勞動者,需要高卡路里攝入.

2-willpower

詞典釋義：willpowerUK

['w?l.pa??r]

US

[-pa?r]

noun

uncountable

■theabilitytocontrolyourownthoughtsandthewayin

whichyoubehave;determination

意志力;毅力

?Ittookalotof

willpower

tostaycalm.要有很強的意志力才能保持平靜.?Idon'thavethe

willpower

todiet.我沒有節(jié)食的毅力.

外刊例句：

Wecouldalldowithabitofextra

willpower

–tohelpusreachour

goals,exerciseself-controlandresisttemptation.

()我們所以都可以在工作中更有意志力一點——意志力可以幫助我們實現(xiàn)目標、控制自我和抵制誘惑.

替換表達：determination/strengthofwill

3-reaptherewards

詞典釋義：reapthebenefit/reward,

etc.

■togetthe

benefit,etc.thatistheresultofyourownactions

得到收益／報酬等?Shestudiedeveryeveningand

reaped

the

benefitatexamtime.她每天晚上都堅持學習,考試時受益匪淺.?Wesoldthemmostoftheirmodernweaponsandnowweare

reaping

thebitterharvest.他們大部分的現(xiàn)代化武器都是我們賣給他們的,現(xiàn)在輪到我們自食其果了.

外刊例句：OrChancellorGerhardSchr?der,bootedoutby

Germanvotersin2005afterimposingpainfulreforms,onlytoseeAngela

Merkel

reaptherewards.()或者就像哈羅德·施羅德,他因為怨聲載道的改革而于2005年遭德國選民趕下臺,結(jié)果只能眼睜睜地看著安吉娜·默克爾坐享其成.

替換表達：enjoy/gain/gettherewards

學生錯誤表達：reapreward點評：reward在這里是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),reward在這里應該特指"積極的生活方式帶來的好處”,因此應該改為reapthe

rewards

4-sedentary

詞典釋義：sedentaryUK

['sed.?n.tri]

US

[-ter.i]

adjective

■involvinglittleexerciseorphysicalactivity

缺乏運動的,少活動的?a

sedentary

job/occupation久坐的工作／職業(yè)?MydoctorsaysIshouldstartplayingsportbecausemy

lifestyle

istoo

sedentary.醫(yī)生說,我應該做些運動,因為我的生活方式太缺乏運動.

外刊例句：Theproblemisn’tjustaboutanageing

population,it’salsoaboutanincreasingly

sedentary

one.

()問題不僅僅是人口老年化,那些日漸缺乏運動的人群也構(gòu)成問題.

替換表達：inactive/desk-bound

Q：老師,reaptherewards這里為什么要用the,這里是特指嗎?謝謝老師!A：是的,這里加the是特指積極的生活方式帶來的好處.

Q：effort可數(shù)和不可數(shù)用法有區(qū)別嗎?A：當effort表示"努力”這一抽象概念時,它是不可數(shù)名詞,例如：Ittakesalotoftimeandefforttogetanexhibitionready.準備一次展覽要花費很多時間和精力.當effort表示某一次的努力這一具體概念時,它是可數(shù)名詞,例如：Iknowyou

don'tlikeher,butpleasemakeanefforttobepolite.我知道你不喜歡她,但請盡量禮貌些.

3.今天,很多年輕人為了減肥而禁食或者使用減肥藥物.不幸的是,盡管這些減肥方法很流行,但它們帶有很多不良的副作用,而且也不能作為減肥的長期方案.Today,manyyoungpeople

skipmeals

(1.禁食)or

useanti-obesitydrugs

(2.使用減肥藥物)inattemptstoloseweight.Unfortunately,despitethepopularityoftheseweight-reductionmethods,theyarefraughtwith

adversesideeffects(3.不良的副作用)andfailtoprovide

along-termsolution(4.長期方案)toweightloss.

1-skipmeals

詞典釋義：skip[sk?p]

verb

(-pp-)

AVOID

避免

transitive

informal

■tonotdoornot

havesomethingthatyouusuallydoorthatyoushoulddo;toavoid

避免;省略?I'mtryingtoloseweight,soI'm

skipping

(=noteating)

lunch

today.我正在努力減肥,因此今天不吃午飯了.

外刊例句：More

families

skipmeals

entirely.Any

sparebitofearthistilled,eveninthecitycentre.()越來越多家庭完全禁食.每一寸土地都用于耕作,即使是市中心的也不例外.

學生錯誤表達：fasting點評：fasting是指因宗教原因而進行的禁食,這與原文中為了減肥而禁食不同.

2-useanti-obesitydrugs

詞典釋義：anti-2.PREFIX

前綴

(用來構(gòu)成形容詞和名詞)表示"防…”,"抗…”,"阻止”

Anti-

isusedtoform

adjectivesandnounsthatdescribethingsthatareintendedtodestroy

somethingharmfulortopreventsomethingfromhappening.?...anti-aircraftguns.高射炮

?...anti-discriminationlegislation.反歧視法?...anti-inflammatorydrugs.消炎藥

obesity

o·be·si·ty/

o?bis?t?

;

???bi?s?ti

/nounU

1.whensomeoneisveryfatinawaythatisunhealthy肥胖癥

外刊例句：Oneofthecountry'smostcommonlyprescribed

anti-obesitydrugs

hasbeenbanned

acrossEuropeafteritwasblamedforincreasingpatients'chancesof

sufferingaheartattackorastroke.

()該國最常用的減肥處方藥之一遭受指責,稱其會增加使用者患上心臟病和中風的概論,隨后遭到全歐禁售.

替換表達：useweight-lossdrugs/usedietpills

3-adversesideeffects

詞典釋義：adverseUK

['?d.v?：s/

UK

[-'-]

US

[?d'v?：s]

adjective

[beforenoun]

ADVANCED

■havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething

不利的;負面的;有害的?Thematchhasbeencancelleddueto

adverse

weather

conditions.由于天氣惡劣,這場比賽已被取消.?Theyreceivedalotof

adverse

publicity/criticism

aboutthechanges.這些變化為他們招致種種負面報導／非議.?Sofarthedrugisthoughtnottohaveany

adverse

effects.迄今為止,人們一直認為這種藥物沒有任何副作用.

side

effectnoun

countable

ADVANCED

■anunpleasanteffectofadrugthathappensinaddition

tothemaineffect

副作用?Doesthisdrug

have

anysideeffects?

這種藥有甚么副作用嗎?

外刊例句：Inonesense,thisisasurprise.Earlier,

smallertrialshadshownno

adverse

side-effects,whichiswhythelargetrialwasorganised.

()在某種意義來講,這讓人吃驚.更早及更小型的實驗并沒顯示不良副作用,而這就是為何要進行大型實驗的原因.

替換表達：undesirablesideeffects/negativesideeffects

學生錯誤表達：(1)negativesideeffect點評：sideeffect是可數(shù)名詞,這里應該改為sideeffects(2)unhealthysideeffects點評：sideeffects不可以用unhealthy來修飾,這里可以改為harmful/negative/undesirable

sideeffects

4-along-termsolution

詞典釋義：long-termUK

[?l??'t?：m]

US

[?lɑ：?'t?：m]

adjective

IMPROVER

■continuingalongtimeintothefuture

長期的?long-term

unemployment長期失業(yè)?long-term

carefortheseriouslyill重病患者的長期護理?the

long-term

effectsofthedrug該藥的長期療效

solution[s?'lu：.??n]

noun

ANSWER

答案

ESSENTIAL

countable

■theanswertoaproblem

解決辦法;解決方案

?There'snoeasy

solution

to

thisproblem.這個問題沒有容易的解決辦法.?ShejustseemssounhappyandIdon'tknowwhatthe

solution

is.她似乎很不高興,但我不知道該怎么辦.?Whenyoufinishdoingthecrossword,the

solution

isonthebackpage.完成填字游戲后,可以翻到背面去找答案.?Theyhelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon't

giveyouany

solutions.他們會幫你充分討論你的問題,但不會給你任何解決方案.

外刊例句：Sonowwehaveconfirmationthatthe

governmentisworkingon

along-term

solution

tothesocialcarecrisis.Oratleast"startinginternallyto

look”attheissue,whichmustbeconsideredprogressofsomekind.

()所以我們現(xiàn)在可以確定,政府正致力于研發(fā)出對于社會保障問題的長期性解決方案.或者說,政府至少"開始正視”這問題了,這可得看作是某種進步.

學生錯誤表達：(1)along-termoption點評：option是指"選擇”,這里應該改為along-termsolution(2)along-termaction點評：along-term

action是中式說法,action應該改為solution

Q：side-effect和sideeffect有區(qū)別嗎?A：side-effect和sideeffect含義是相同的.

Q：badsideeffect這樣的表述合適么?A：建議改為更加常見的說法harmful/adverse/negative/undesirablesideeffects

4.目前已知很多種減肥藥都能引起嚴重的身體反應(包括胃疼、失眠和心悸),其中的一些反應會是致命性的.Manytypesofdietpillsareknownto

triggerseriousreactions(1.引起嚴重的身體反應)includingstomachpain,

insomnia(2.失眠),and

heartpalpitations(3.心悸)),someofwhichcanbecome

life-threatening(4.致命性的).

1-triggerseriousreactions

詞典釋義：

reaction[ri'?k.??n]

noun

BEHAVIOUR

反應

ESSENTIAL

countable

■behaviour,afeelingoranactionthatisadirectresult

ofsomethingelse

反應;回應?Ilovetowatchpeople's

reactions

whenIsaywhoI

am.我喜歡觀察人們在聽到我說出我是誰時的反應.?Therehasbeenanimmediate/widespread/hostile

reaction

against

thegovernment'sproposedtaxincreases.人們對政府的增稅計劃迅速作出了反應／政府的增稅計劃引起了廣泛的反應／政府的增稅計劃遭到了反對.?Reactions

to

theproposalsofarhavebeenadverse/favourable/mixed.到目前為止,人們對該計劃一直持反對態(tài)度／表示支持／反應不一.

外刊例句：Somewords

triggerreactions

thatdrownoutsensiblediscussionandsubsume

allothervoices.'Sharia'isoneofthem.

()某些詞匯會引起反應,引發(fā)明顯爭論,把各種意見都歸于其中.'Sharia'便是其一.

替換表達：causeseriousreactions

學生錯誤表達：leadto

serioushealthyreactions點評：healthyreaction的說法不正確,應該改為leadtoseriousreactions

2-insomnia

詞典釋義：insomniaUK

[?n's?m.ni.?]

US

[-'sɑ：m-]

noun

uncountable

■whensomeoneisunabletosleep,overaperiodoftime

失眠(癥)?Holly

sufferedfrom

insomnia

formonths

afterherdaughterwasborn.霍利在女兒出生后失眠了好幾個月.

外刊例句："Whenyouhave

insomnia,"musesthesleep-deprivedprotagonistplayedby

EdwardNortoninthefilm"FightClub","you'reneverreally

asleep,andyou'reneverreallyawake."

()愛德華·諾頓在電影《搏擊俱樂部》中扮演的無法入睡的主角沉思著說"若你患有失眠癥,你將永遠都無法真正入睡,也將容易無法真正醒來.”

替換表達：sleepdeprivation/sleeplessness

3-hear