（高考英語作文煉句）第45篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.大學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡量做到定時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)并且保持一個(gè)健康的生活方式.參加有氧健身課程,利用校園里的健身中心以及慢跑都是宣泄負(fù)面情緒的幾個(gè)簡單而有效的方法.Collegestudentsshouldtrytoexerciseregularlyandmaintainahealthylifestyle.Attending

aerobicsclasses(1.有氧健身課程),usingthecampusfitnesscenterandjoggingareafewsimpleandeffectivewaysto

ventnegativeemotions(2.宣泄負(fù)面情緒).

1-aerobicsclasses

詞典釋義：aerobicsUK

[e?'r??.b?ks]

US

[er'o?-]

noun

uncountable

■energeticphysicalexercises,oftenperformedwithagroupofpeopletomusic,whichmaketheheart,lungsandmusclesstrongerandincreasetheamountofoxygenintheblood

有氧健身法;有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)?She

does

aerobics.她做有氧健身操.?Igoto

aerobics

(=toaclasswherewearetaughtsuchexercises)onceaweek.我每周去一次有氧健身操訓(xùn)練班.?an

aerobics

instructor/teacher有氧健身操教練／導(dǎo)師

外刊例句：Oncethere,believersareledbysacerdotal

instructors,whoeithergoadthemintomassecstasyduring

aerobicsclasses,orpresideoverthe

confessionaltête-à-têteofpersonaltraining.

()到了那里之后,信徒將接受僧侶導(dǎo)師的指引,這些導(dǎo)師會(huì)鼓勵(lì)信徒在有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得愉悅,或安排信徒進(jìn)行私下懺悔,作為個(gè)人訓(xùn)練.

2-ventnegativeemotions

詞典釋義：vent[vent]

verb

transitive

■toexpressa

negativeemotioninaforcefulandoftenunfairway

發(fā)泄,表達(dá)(負(fù)面的情緒)?Pleasedon'tshout-there'snoneedto

you’reyourfrustration/anger/rage/spleenon

me.請不要大吵大鬧——沒有必要把氣撒在我身上.

negativeUK

['neg.?.t?v]

US

[-t??v]

adjective

WITHOUTHOPE

沒有希望

IMPROVER

■nothopeful,or

likelytoconsideronlythebadsideofasituation

負(fù)面的,消極的?a

negative

attitude消極態(tài)度?You'reso

negative

abouteverything!

你對任何事情都如此消極!

外刊例句：Thisideaof

ventingnegativeemotions

throughphysicallyintenseperformance

isarecurringtheme–VietCongsaytheydon’tfeelliketheyhavehada

goodshowunlesstheywakeupsorethenextday.

()通過高強(qiáng)度體力運(yùn)動(dòng)來宣泄負(fù)面情緒是種反復(fù)提及的見解——越共稱,他們得第二天起來時(shí)感到全身酸痛,才會(huì)覺得自己今天心情愉快.

替換表達(dá)：release/express/giveventtonegativeemotions,

2.學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡量保證有足夠多的休息和睡眠,并且要避免能加劇情緒變化的物質(zhì)比如像咖啡因和酒精.Studentsshouldtryto

getplentyofrestandsleep(1.得到足夠多的休息和睡眠),andtoavoidsubstanceslike

caffeine

(2.咖啡因)andalcoholthatcan

exacerbatemoodswings(3.加劇情緒變化).

1-getplentyofrestandsleep

plentyof后跟不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.

詞典釋義：plenty

●●●○○1.QUANT

數(shù)量詞

(尤指足夠的或超出需要的)豐富,充足,大量

Ifthere

is

plentyof

something,thereisalargeamountofit.Ifthereare

plentyof

things,therearemanyofthem.

Plenty

isusedespeciallytoindicatethatthereisenoughofsomething,

ormorethanyouneed.

【搭配模式】：QUANTofn-uncount/pl-n?Therewasstill

plentyoftimetotakeJilloutforpizza...還有充裕的時(shí)間帶吉爾出去吃比薩餅.

?Mostbusinessesface

plentyofcompetition...大多數(shù)企業(yè)面臨著巨大的競爭壓力.?Taking

plenty

ofexercisecanbeofgreatbenefit...多鍛煉會(huì)非常有好處.?Arethere

plenty

offreshfruitsandvegetablesinyourdiet?

你的飲食中新鮮果蔬充足嗎?

外刊例句：Previouslypatientswerewokenearlyinthe

morningtobewashed,butnowtheyarewashedintheeveningtohelpaid

restandsleep.

()病人之前一大早就得起來接受清洗,而現(xiàn)在他們晚上就能接受清洗,從而休息得更好.

替換表達(dá)：getenough/adequaterestandsleep

2-caffeine

詞典釋義：caffeine

caf·feine/

?k??fin

;

?k?fi?n

/nounU

1.asubstanceintea,coffee,andsomeotherdrinksthatmakesyoufeelmore

active咖啡因,咖啡堿;

?decaffeinated：?Avoidcaffeine

(=drinkswithcaffeine)beforebedtime.睡覺前不要喝含有咖啡因的飲料.?acaffeine-free

cola不含咖啡因的可樂

外刊例句：SanFranciscohassuedMonsterBeverage,a

Californianfirm,formarketinghigh-caffeine

drinkstochildren.

()三藩市起訴了一家位于加利福利亞州的公司MonsterBeverage,控告它向兒童售賣高咖啡因含量飲料.

3-exacerbatemoodswings

詞典釋義：exacerbate

●○○○○1.VERB

動(dòng)詞

使惡化;使加劇

Ifsomething

exacerbates

a

problemorbadsituation,itmakesitworse.?MrPowell-Taylorsaysthatdepopulation

exacerbatestheproblem...鮑威爾-泰勒先生說人口的急劇減少使得該問題更加嚴(yán)重.?Longstandingpovertyhasbeen

exacerbatedbyracialdivisions.種族分化已經(jīng)加劇了長期的貧困問題.

moodswing

noun

Etymology：

mood

(I)

：

amarkedchangeinmoodespeciallytoelationordepression(asin

cyclothymia)

<certain

personalitycharacteristics

…

suchas

moodswings,

paranoidfeaturesandself-punishment

drives

—

E.F.Kerman>

外刊例句：Thedroughtisbecomingsomethingofaeurekamoment,

akintoAmerica's

moodswing

in

thewakeofHurricaneKatrinain2005.

()這次干旱正變得像是"靈關(guān)一閃”時(shí)刻,宛如美國在2005年卡瑞娜臺(tái)風(fēng)襲擊時(shí)的變臉一般.

替換表達(dá)：exacerbatemood/emotionalchanges

Q：Studentsshouldtrytoget

plentyofrestandsleep,andtoavoidsubstanceslikecaffeineandalcohol

thatcanexacerbatemoodswings.這句話中avoid前面的to是否可以省略呢?avoid前面加to和不加to有什么區(qū)別?A：這句話還原后相當(dāng)于Studentsshouldtry

togetplentyofrestandsleep,and(try)toavoidsubstanceslikecaffeine

andalcohol…如果to也是可以的,相當(dāng)于Students

shouldtrytogetplentyofrestandsleep,and(should)avoidsubstances

likecaffeineandalcohol…

3.大學(xué)能夠采取的減少學(xué)生自殺發(fā)生的第一步就是提高學(xué)生對心理健康和抑郁癥的意識(shí).大學(xué)可以在學(xué)校網(wǎng)站上提供心理健康信息,給新生發(fā)放教育手冊,并且提供免費(fèi)的學(xué)術(shù)研討課來幫助消除對于精神疾病的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)以及鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生討論他們的問題.Thefirststepthatcollegescantaketoreducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

(1.減少學(xué)生自殺)istoenhanceawarenessofmentalhealthanddepression.Universitiescanmakementalhealthinformationavailableontheirwebsites,issue

educationalpamphlets

(2.教育手冊)tonewstudents,andofferfree

seminars(3.學(xué)術(shù)研討課)tohelp

dispelmythsabout

(4.消除對于……的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí))emotionaldisordersandencouragestudentstodiscusstheirproblems.1-reducetheoccurrenceofstudentsuicide

詞典釋義：occurrence

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

發(fā)生的事情;事件

An

occurrence

issomethingthathappens.?Complaintsseemedtobeaneveryday

occurrence...似乎每天都有投訴.?Thefoodqueueshavebecomeadaily

occurrence

acrossthecountry.排隊(duì)購買食品的長龍已成了全國各地每日可見的景象.2.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)

Theoccurrenceof

somethingisthefactthatithappensorispresent.?Thegreatest

occurrence

ofcoronaryheartdiseaseisinthoseover65.

65歲以上者是冠心病的最高發(fā)人群.

外刊例句：AndresearchbyWintersandcolleaguesaddsto

theevidence,findingthatbicycle-specificinfrastructurethatreduces

interactionsbetweencyclistsandmotorvehiclescan

reducetheoccurrenceof

injuries,potentiallybymorethan50%.

()溫特斯與其同事做的實(shí)驗(yàn)提供了更多數(shù)據(jù),他們發(fā)現(xiàn),能減少自行車與機(jī)動(dòng)車接觸的自行車特殊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施能減少受傷事故,其效果可能可以減少過半事故發(fā)生.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：damaging

themselves點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不夠準(zhǔn)確,damaging

themselves是指對他們自身造成了傷害,這里可以改為reducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

2-educationalpamphlets

詞典釋義：

pamphlet['p?m.fl?t]

noun

countable

■athinbookwithonlyafewpageswhichgivesinformation

oranopinionaboutsomething

小冊子

外刊例句：Kano'sADaidaitaSahuprogramme,whichliterally

means"straightenyourrows”,alsoseekswhatitcalls"societal

reorientation”through

educational

pamphlets

andtelevisionprogrammesdealingwithproblemssuchas

pollution,pettycrimeanddrugs.

()卡諾的DaidaitaSahuprogramme("加強(qiáng)系帶項(xiàng)目”),也通過針對諸如環(huán)境污染、小偷小摸和毒品等問題的教育小冊子和電視節(jié)目來追求所謂的"社會(huì)再導(dǎo)向.”

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：an

educationalmanual點(diǎn)評(píng)：manual一般指機(jī)器的說明書或使用手冊,educationalmanual這一用法不妥,可以改為educational

pamphlets

3-seminars

詞典釋義：seminarUK

['sem.?.nɑ：r]

US

[-nɑ：r]

noun

countable

ADVANCED

■anoccasionwhenateacherorexpertandagroupof

peoplemeettostudyanddiscusssomething

專題討論會(huì);研討會(huì)

?I

attended

practicallyeverylectureand

seminar

whenIwasastudent.我上學(xué)的時(shí)候,幾乎參加了每一場講座和研討會(huì).?I'm

giving

a

seminar

on

thelatest

developmentsingeneticengineeringnextweek.下周我將舉行一個(gè)有關(guān)遺傳工程最新進(jìn)展的研討會(huì).?a

seminar

room會(huì)議室

外刊例句：Visitorstothisyear'sshowwillhavethe

chancetolearnsomeofthesesecrets,andrevealtheirown,atoneofmore

than80

seminars,withsubjects

rangingfromShakespearefortheearlyyearstoinspiringcreativity.

()今年展會(huì)的游客將有機(jī)會(huì)在超過80個(gè)專題研討會(huì)中學(xué)到這些秘密和袒露其秘密.這些專題研討會(huì)的主題從探究莎士比亞的早年生活到鼓勵(lì)型創(chuàng)作一應(yīng)俱全.

替換表達(dá)：workshops

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)free

academicseminar點(diǎn)評(píng)：seminar本身已經(jīng)包含有"學(xué)術(shù)”的含義了,這里academic可以去掉.(2)discussedcourses點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒有discussedcourses的說法,這里應(yīng)該改為seminar

4-dispelmythsabout

詞典釋義：dispel[d?'spel]

(-ll-)

verb

transitive

■toremovefears,doubtsandfalseideas,usuallyby

provingthemwrongorunnecessary

消除(恐懼);掃除(疑慮);打消(錯(cuò)誤念頭)

?I'dliketostartthespeechbydispellingafewrumours

thathavebeenspreadingrecently.我想在演講的開頭先澄清一些近期流傳的謠言.

myth[m?θ]

noun

FALSEIDEA

錯(cuò)誤的看法

ADVANCED

countable+that

disapproving

■acommonlybelievedbutfalseidea

普遍但卻錯(cuò)誤的看法,無根據(jù)的觀念

?Statistics

disprove

the

myth

that

womenareworsedriversthanmen.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)證明,女人駕駛技術(shù)比男人差的觀念是錯(cuò)誤的.

外刊例句：MrHardwicksaystheshowhelped

dispelthemyth

thatpodcastswere

"justthisthingyoudidinyourmom’sbasement.”

()哈爾德維克說,該展會(huì)能祛除這錯(cuò)誤觀念：播客就是"在你媽的地下室所干的事情”.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

cancelthemisunderstandingof點(diǎn)評(píng)：misunderstanding不能用cancel來修飾,這里可以改為clearup/correctthe

misunderstandingof/aboutsomething(2)correctwrongrealizationof點(diǎn)評(píng)：realization是指"意識(shí)到,認(rèn)識(shí)到”,例如：IwasshockedbytherealizationofwhatIhaddone.我意識(shí)到自己干了什么后大為震驚.這里不能用realization來指錯(cuò)誤觀念.

Despitesuicidecanhardlydisappearinthe

youngsters錯(cuò)誤原因：despite不可以單獨(dú)用于引導(dǎo)從句,這里應(yīng)該改為despitethefactthatsuicidecan…;theyoungsters應(yīng)該改為youngsters,用于泛指"年輕人”.

4.盡管自殺在年輕人中難以根除,但大學(xué)有道德上的責(zé)任去保護(hù)學(xué)生不傷害他們自己.為了達(dá)到這一點(diǎn),提高心理健康意識(shí)、減輕學(xué)術(shù)壓力以及提供校園內(nèi)的心理服務(wù)在使陷入麻煩的學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離自我毀滅的邊緣這一方面能發(fā)揮很大作用.Althoughtheoccurrenceofsuicideamongyoungpeoplecannotbeeliminated,itisthe

moralobligation

(1.道德上的責(zé)任)ofcollegestoprotectstudentsfromharmingthemselves.

Tothisend(2.為了達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)),promotingawarenessofmentalhealth,mitigatingacademicpressureandprovidingon-campuspsychiatricservicescangoalongwaytowardssteeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

(3.使陷入麻煩的學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離……)thebrinkof

self-destruction(4.自我毀滅).

1-moralobligation

詞典釋義：moralUK

['m?r.?l]

US

['m?：r-]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■relatingtothestandardsofgoodorbadbehaviour,

fairness,honesty,etc.whicheachpersonbelievesin,ratherthantolaws

道德的?It'sher

moral

obligation

totellthepolice

whatsheknows.她把所知道的事告訴警方是道義上的責(zé)任.?Itisnotpartofanovelist'sjobtomakea

moral

judgment.小說家并不需要作道德上的批判.?Shewastheonlypoliticiantocondemntheproposedlawon

moral

grounds(=for

moral

reasons).她是唯一一個(gè)從道德角度,對提議施行的法律作出譴責(zé)的政治家.?TheDemocratsareattemptingto

capturethe

moral

highground

(=aretryingtoappearmorehonestandgoodthanthe

otherpoliticalparties).民主黨試圖顯出在道義上占優(yōu)勢.

obligation

UK

[??b.l?'ge?.??n]

US

[?ɑ：.bl?-]

noun

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyouareobligedtodosomething

義務(wù);責(zé)任;職責(zé)?[+

to

infinitive]Ifyouhavenotsigneda

contract,youare

under

no

obligation

to

(=itisnot

necessaryto)paythemanymoney.如果你沒有簽合同,你就沒有義務(wù)付給他們錢.?Youhavea

legal

obligation

to

(=The

lawsaysyoumust)ensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.法律規(guī)定你有義務(wù)確保自己的孩子接受合理的教育.

外刊例句：Weareallforgoodscreeningandchecking

everybody,butattheendofthedaywehavea

moralobligation

tohelpeachother.

()我們都擅長于監(jiān)控他人,但我們最終在道德上都有義務(wù)去互相幫助.

替換表達(dá)：moralresponsibility

2-tothisend

詞典釋義：tothisend

formal

phrase

in

ordertoachieveaparticularaim

Hewantedtodiscusshisposition,andarrangedameeting

tothisend.

外刊例句：

Tothisend,

manyhopefulrepairmenarenowsettingupshop.

()許多修理工為了達(dá)到這一點(diǎn),現(xiàn)在都開始自己開店了.

替換表達(dá)：inpursuanceofthis/toachievethis

3-steeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

詞典釋義：steer2.

CHANGESB/STH

改變某人/某物,Ttoguidesomeone's

behaviourorthewayasituationdevelops引導(dǎo),指導(dǎo)〔某人的行為〕：

steersbtowards/awayfrom/through

etcsth?Teacherstryto

steerpupilsawayfromdrugs.教師試圖引導(dǎo)學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離毒品.?Helentriedto

steertheconversationawayfromherself.海倫設(shè)法把話題從自己身上引開.

troubled['tr?b.ld]

adjective

HAVING

DIFFICULTIES

有麻煩

ADVANCED

■havingproblemsordifficulties

折磨,使有麻煩?Thesurvivalpackageinvolvessellingofftheunprofitable

partsofthe

troubled

company.求生存的一籃子計(jì)劃中,包括賣掉這個(gè)陷入困境的公司中沒有盈利的部分.?This

troubled

region

hashadmorethanits

fairshareofwarsoverthethecenturies.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,這個(gè)不幸的地區(qū)遭受了太多戰(zhàn)爭的折磨.?Inthese

troubled

times

,itmakesachange

tohearsomegoodnews.在這樣動(dòng)蕩不安的時(shí)代,聽到一些好消息可給人們心中帶來一線轉(zhuǎn)機(jī).

外刊例句：Thenumberofgraduatesfromelite

universitieschoosingteachingasacareerisdecliningamidindicationsthat

careersofficersmaybe

steering

brightstuden