（高考英語作文煉句）第48篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.在幾千年的歷程中,中國人民創(chuàng)造了他們獨特的習俗和傳統(tǒng),并把他們一代一代傳給后人.Overthecourseof

(1.在……的過程中)thousandsofyears,theChinesepeoplehavecreatedtheirownuniquecustomsandtraditions,and

passedthemon

(2.將……傳給)fromonegenerationtothenext.

1-overthecourseof

詞典釋義：In

/

during

/

over

thecourseofsomething

phrase

while

somethingishappeningorcontinuing

Theinsurancecoversyouifyouareinjuredinthecourse

ofyouremployment.

DuringthecourseofthemorningIlearnedalotaboutthe

project.

外刊例句：The

Fedforecaststhatitwillincreaseratesthreetimes

overthecourseof

nextyear.()美聯(lián)儲預計明年年內將把利息逐步提高三倍.

學生錯誤表達：Intheprocessofthousandsofyears點評：intheprocessof(doing)something一般是指一個相對短暫的正在進行中的過程,例如：Thecompanyisintheprocessofmovingtonewoffices.該公司正搬往新的辦公室.Intheprocessofthousandsofyears搭配不妥,可以改為in/during/overthecourseofthousandsofyears

2-passsthon

詞典釋義：passon1.

將…傳給;將…交給

Ifyou

pass

something

onto

someone,yougiveittothemsothattheyhaveitinsteadofyou.

?TheQueenispassingthemoneyontoaselectionofher

favouritecharities...女王要把那筆錢交給她喜歡的一些慈善機構.

?Thereisariskofpassingtheviruson...有傳播病毒的風險.?ThelateEarlpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohis

daughter...已故伯爵將他的大部分財產傳給了女兒.?Tenantsremainliableifthey

passon

theirlease.如果房客將房子轉租,他們仍承擔責任.

外刊例句：DetailsoftheaccountsweresenttoChristineLagarde,France'sformerfinanceministerandnowheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,andshe

passedthemon

toothergovernmentsintheEUandtotheUS.

()賈斯汀娜·拉加爾德是法國的前任財政部長,目前擔任實際貨幣基金組織的主席,這些銀行帳號的詳細資料將發(fā)給她,然后由她轉交給歐盟各國和美國.

替換表達：handsomethingdowntosomebody/passdownsomethingtosomebody

Q：pass不是直接就有傳遞的意思嗎?直接用passthemfromgenerationtogeneration可以嗎?A：passsomethingontosomebody是一個固定表達,意思是"將(知識、技能等)傳遞給……”,不可以寫成passthemfromgenerationtogeneration

Q：中國人民前要不要加定冠詞?是Chinesepeople,還是theChinesepeopleA：需要加定冠詞the,即theChinesepeople,例如《衛(wèi)報》句子：CombininghiscriticismwithavisittoChinasendspreciselythe

wrongmessageto

theChinesepeople.

2.傳統(tǒng)藝術形式是中國文化認同的重要部分,同時也是民族驕傲的重要來源.保護中國的文化遺產能保證這種認同和驕傲持續(xù)下去,并且有助于促進中國民眾的團結一致.Traditionalartformsare

partandparcelof

(1.……的重要部分)China's

culturalidentity

(2.文化認同)aswellasagreatsourceof

nationalpride(3.民族驕傲).ProtectingChina'sculturalheritagewillensurethatthissenseofidentityandprideendures,andhelptofoster

solidarity

(4.團結一致)amongtheChinesepeople.

1-bepartandparcelof

詞典釋義：partandparcel

noun

：

anessentialorconstituentportion

：

anintegralelement

<courtesyandgenialityare

partandparcel

ofthenorthcountrymakeup

—

S.P.B.Mais>

<thousandsofAramaicwordsarenow

partandparcel

ofthelanguage

—

WilliamChomsky>

外刊例句：America'svirtuesandvices

arepartandparcelof

eachother.

()美國價值和話語權互為對方的核心.

替換表達：bethekeyelement(s)ofsomething/animportantpartof

2-culturalidentity

詞典釋義：culturalUK

['k?l.t??r.?l]

US

[-t??-]

adjective

WAYOFLIFE

生活方式

IMPROVER

■relatingtothehabits,traditionsandbeliefsofa

society

與文化有關的,文化的?TheUSAisoftenaccusedof

cultural

imperialism.人們常指責美國奉行文化帝國主義.?Australiahasitsown

cultural

identity,

whichisverydifferentfromthatofBritain.澳大利亞有自己的文化特征,與英國文化大不相同.?cultural

diversity/differences文化多樣性／差異?cultural

heritage

(=waysoflivingandthinkingthathaveexistedforalongtimeina

society)文化遺產

外刊例句：ANorthernTerritoryboywhohadatraditionalupbringing

inaremoteIndigenouscommunitylosthis

culturalidentity

afterhewastakenawaybywelfareworkers,an

inquiryhasheard.

()一位土生土長在偏遠地區(qū)的北部地區(qū)男孩在由社會福利工作者帶走后,喪失了其文化認同,這起案件正受審理.

學生錯誤表達：culturalidentification點評：identification是指"身份證明文件”,例如：Doyouhaveanyidentification?你有什么身份證明文件嗎?這里應該改為culturalidentity

3-nationalpride

詞典釋義：

pride

[pra?d]

noun

RESPECTFOR

YOURSELF

自尊

IMPROVER

uncountable

■yourfeelingsofyourownworthandrespectforyourself

自尊(心)?Shehastoomuch

pride

toacceptanyhelp.她自尊心太強,不肯接受任何幫助.?Thecountry'snational

pride

hasbeendented(=

damaged)byitssportingfailures.體育運動方面的失利使這個國家的民族自尊心受到了傷害.

外刊例句：Still,thepoliticiansarecountingonthebuildingbeinga

sourceofgreat

nationalpride,whichiswhyeverybodyinvolvediskeenthatitshoulduselotsofScottish

material.

()政客仍視該建筑為民族自豪,這就是為什么涉及的人都堅持該建筑物應該用多點蘇格蘭素材.

4-solidarity

詞典釋義：solidarity

UK

[?s?l.?'d?r.?.ti]

US

[?sɑ：.l?'der.?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

■agreementbetweenandsupportforthemembersofagroup,

especiallyapoliticalgroup

團結一致?Thesituationraisesimportantquestionsabout

solidarity

amongmemberstatesoftheUN.當前形勢引發(fā)了聯(lián)合國成員國能否團結一致的質疑.?Thelecturersjoinedtheprotestmarchtoshow

solidarity

with

theirstudents.演講者加入抗議隊伍,以示他們與學生們團結一致.

外刊例句：Worldleadersexpressed

solidarity

andoutrageafterSaturdaynight’svanandknife

attacksonLondonBridgeandinnearbyBoroughMarketkilledsevenpeopleand

left48inhospital,someincriticalcondition.

()倫敦大橋與臨近的自治區(qū)市場在周六晚上遭受汽車和持刀恐怖襲擊,7人死亡,48人受傷送院,且部分傷勢嚴重,世界各國領袖此后表達了各國人民要團結一致,并對此襲擊感到非常憤怒.

替換表達：unity

Q：如何在翻譯的時候準確判斷何時用所有格,何時用形容詞屬性?就像例句中的China's和ChineseA：如果對單詞的所有格或形容詞屬性不清楚,可以多查詞典,體會例句.China’s為名詞所有格,強調所屬關系.例如：TheYellowRiveris

China’ssecondlongestriver.黃河是中國第二大河.Chinese為形容詞,表示屬性,例如：AreyouintoChinese

food?你對中國菜有興趣嗎?

Q：老師,我在翻譯的時候總在一些關鍵的名詞或者動詞那里只有單詞的模糊印象,總是拼寫不對或是不完全,也就是這些只是我的閱讀詞匯,現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個問題,想重新記憶積累但是單詞很多,不知道該從哪里入手,老師你有什么好的建議嗎?謝謝老師.A：可以閱讀一些雅思或者托福寫作書籍,上面一般會有對常見的寫作名詞和動詞做總結,可以多記一些.另外一個是有不確定的單詞多查詞典,多積累.

ProtectingChina'sculturalheritagewillensurethatthis

senseofidentityandprideendures,andhelptofostersolidarityamongthe

Chinesepeople.

[分析]本句的主干是ProtectingChina's

culturalheritagewillensure…andhelptofoster

solidarity,主語是ProtectingChina'sculturalheritage,謂語有兩個,分別是willensure和helptofoster,它們的賓語分別是名詞性從句thatthissenseofidentityandprideendures和solidarity.

3.在我們越來越工業(yè)化、商業(yè)化和機械化的世界,很多國家都面臨著它們的傳統(tǒng)藝術形式逐漸消亡的威脅.這種威脅在中國感受最為強烈,它在過去二十年里見證了快速的現(xiàn)代化和大量的西方文化輸入.Inourincreasinglyindustrialized,commercializedand

mechanized

(1.機械化)world,manycountrieshavefacedthethreatoftheirtraditionalartforms

dyingout(2.逐漸消亡).NowherehasthisthreatbeenfeltmoreintenselythaninChina,wherethepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedrapidmodernizationand

themassimportof

(3.……的大量輸入)westernculture.

1-mechanized

詞典釋義：mechanized

mech·a·nized/

?m?k??na?zd

;

?mek?na?zd

/adjective

also

-isedBrE

1.amechanizedsystemorprocessnowusesmachinesinsteadofpeopleor

animals機械化的;SYN

automated

?Carproductionis

nowhighlymechanized.轎車生產現(xiàn)在已是高度機械化.2.amechanizedarmyunituses

TANKS

andother

ARMOURED

militaryvehicles〔軍隊〕機械化的

—mechanizeverbT

—mechanization/

?m?k?n??ze??n

;

?mek?na??ze???n

/nounU?increasing

mechanizationofagriculture越來越高的農業(yè)機械化程度

外刊例句：Hawtinevenerredasteportwoalongtheway–awelcome

sightintheoverly

mechanized

worldoftechno–buthisminimal,dystopianchurntrulybroughttheMojaveTenttolifeinthedarkness.

()霍廷在一路上盡管有所差錯,這在已經機械化過度的電子音樂世界可廣受歡迎,而且他的確用其小小的反烏托邦式的"攪拌器”在黑暗中使莫哈韋沙漠帳篷煥發(fā)生機.

學生錯誤表達：(1)machinery點評：machinery是指"機器,機械(尤指大型機械)”,例如：Theuseofheavymachineryhasdamagedthesite.使用重型機器毀壞了工地.這里不能用machinery來指"機械化”.(2)mechanical點評：mechanical是指"機械的,機械零件的”,例如：Thecompanyproducesmechanicalpartsforairplaneengines.這家公司生產飛機引擎的機械零件.這里應該改為mechanized

2-dieout

詞典釋義：dieout1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

逐漸消亡;滅絕;絕種

Ifsomething

dies

out,itbecomeslessandlesscommonandeventually

disappearscompletely.?Howdidthedinosaurs

dieout?...

恐龍是如何滅絕的??IwanttoteachIrishsothatitwon't

dieout.我想教愛爾蘭語,這樣它就不會徹底消失.

外刊例句：Nowadays,termslikenavascare

dyingout.Onlyabout2%ofMilanesestillspeakthedialectfluently.

()像navasc這種詞如今正逐漸消失.只有約2%米蘭人還能流利地說方言.

替換表達：peterout/disappear

3-themassimportof

詞典釋義：mass[m?s]

adjective

[before

noun]

IMPROVER

■havinganeffectonorinvolvingalargenumberofpeople

orformingalargeamount

大量的;大規(guī)模的;大批的

?weaponsof

mass

destruction大規(guī)模毀滅性武器?a

mass

murderer殺人狂?mass

starvation饑荒成災?Oppositiongroupsplantostage

mass

demonstrations

alloverthecountry.反對派計劃在全國發(fā)起大規(guī)模游行示威.

IMPROVER

uncountable

(also

importation)

■theactionof

bringinggoodsorfashionsintoacountry

進口;輸入;引進

?theillegalimportationofdrugs非法的毒品輸入?an

import

licence進口許可證?import

duties進口稅

外刊例句：But

themassimportof

Chinesefireworks,madefarcheaperthantheycouldbeinBritain,allbutendedtheindustry.

()中國的煙花產品要比英國的廉價,但大量進口它們會給英國本土煙花制造業(yè)帶來末日.

Q：Nowhere在這里的用法是倒樁嗎?為什么能放在句首?想表達的意思呢?查了詞典但是沒有觀察到相關用法A：這里是nowhere引導的倒裝結構,相當于ThisthreathasbeenfeltmoreintenselyinnowherethaninChina.類似的用法還有朗文詞典例句：NowhereisdrugabusemoreofaproblemthanintheUS.沒有什么地方吸毒問題比美國更嚴重.

Nowherehasthisthreatbeenfeltmoreintenselythanin

China,wherethepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedrapidmodernizationandthe

massimportofwesternculture.

[分析]本句的主干是Nowherehasthis

threatbeenfeltmoreintenselythaninChina,這是一個倒裝句,當句首狀語是否定詞或是帶有否定意義的詞時,句子主謂要部分倒裝.同時,這個句子還是一個被動句,其主語是thisthreat,謂語是hasbeenfelt,另外,intensely作程度狀語,thaninChina作比較狀語從句,而逗號之后的由where引導的非限制性定語從句又修飾China,在這個where引導的非限制性定語從句中,thepasttwodecades作主語,havewitnessed作謂語,rapidmodernization和themassimportofwesternculture由and連接,作并列賓語.

4.盡管中國政府已經開始表明保護國家文化遺產的承諾,傳統(tǒng)藝術仍然處于一個危險的境地,而且,如果如果資金不足,它們可能沒有戰(zhàn)勝現(xiàn)代化的希望.AlthoughtheChinesegovernmenthasalreadybegunto

demonstrateacommitmentto

(1.表明……的承諾)protectingthenation'sculturalheritage,thetraditionalartsarestill

inaprecariousposition

(2.處于危險的境地)and,if

underfunded(3.資金不足),mightnot

standachanceagainst

(4.有戰(zhàn)勝……的希望)modernization.

1-demonstrateacommitmentto注意to是介詞,后跟名詞或動名詞形式.

詞典釋義：demonstrate

['dem.?n.stre?t]

verb

SHOW

展示

ESSENTIAL

transitive

■toshow;tomakeclear

顯示;表明

?Thesefigures

clearly

demonstrate

thesize

oftheeconomicproblemfacingthecountry.這些數(shù)字清楚表明了該國經濟問題的嚴重程度.?[+

that]Researchhas

demonstrated

that

babiescanrecognizetheirmother'svoiceverysoonafterbirth.研究顯示,嬰兒出生后很快就能辨識母親的聲音.?Theseproblems

demonstrate

theimportanceof

strategicplanning.這些問題顯示出了戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的重要性.

commitment

[k?'m?t.m?nt]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyouarewillingtogiveyourtimeandenergyto

somethingthatyoubelievein,orapromiseorfirmdecisiontodosomething

忠誠;投入;奉獻;承諾,保證,諾言?her

commitment

to

left-wingpolitics/the

causeoffeminism/thecompany她對左翼政治／女權主義事業(yè)／公司的奉獻?Sheisknownchieflyforher

commitment

to

nucleardisarmament.她主要以全力支持核裁軍運動而聞名.?I'dliketothankthestaffforhavingshownsuch

commitment.我要對全體員工作出的巨大奉獻表示感謝.?Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewith

absolutelyno

commitment

to

buy!

可在家隨意試用本產品且根本無須購買!

外刊例句：Tohavetrueandlastingimpact,philanthropistsmust

demonstrateacommitmentto

substantialandoftendifficultchange.

()若想帶來真實且持久的影響,慈善家必須表現(xiàn)出肯做出巨大且艱難改變的決意.

學生錯誤表達：showthecommitmentwith點評：commitment后面的介詞應該用to,而不是with

2-inaprecariousposition

詞典釋義：precarious

UK

[pr?'ke?.ri.?s]

US

[-'ker.i-]

adjective

■inadangerousstatebecausenotsafeorfirmlyfixed

危險的;不牢靠的,不穩(wěn)的?Thelorrywaslodgedinavery

precarious

way,with

itsfrontwheelshangingoverthecliff.卡車的位置很危險,前輪懸在峭壁上面.■Aprecarioussituationislikelytogetworse

(情勢)不穩(wěn)定的,不確定的,危險的?Manyborrowersnowfindthemselvescaughtina

precarious

financialposition.許多借款人現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷入不穩(wěn)定的財務狀況.

position[p?'z??.?n]

noun

SITUATION

狀況

ESSENTIAL

countableusuallysingular

■asituation

處境,狀況?Myfinancial

position

isratherprecarious

atthemoment.現(xiàn)在我的經濟狀況相當不穩(wěn)定.?Whentwoofyourbestfriendsargueit

puts

you

in

averyawkward

position.你兩個最好的朋友吵架時,你會陷入一種非常尷尬的境地.

外刊例句：Aparticularly

precarious

position

tobeinisthatofaRepublicanlieutenant-governortryingto

getpromoted.

()那共和黨的代理州長想晉升的職位可謂價值連城.

替換表達：putsthatrisk/bringsthintodanger

學生錯誤表達：(1)inanendangered

position分析：endangered含義是"瀕臨滅絕的”,例如：anendangeredspecies瀕臨絕種的生物種類;an

endangeredculture.瀕臨絕傳的文化,不能用endangered來指"處境危險”.(2)inadanger

situation分析：danger是一個名詞,這里應該改為形容詞dangerous,即inadangerousposition(3)undera

dangeroussituation分析：underadangerous

situation應該改為inadangeroussituation

3-underfunded

詞典釋義：under-funded

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

(組織或機構)資金短缺的,財力不足的,經費拮據的

Anorganization

orinstitutionthatis

underfunded

doesnothaveenoughmoneytospend,andsoitcannotfunction

properly.?Foryearswehavearguedthatthehealthserviceis

underfunded...多年來我們一直都在說衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療方面資金投入不足.

?Mostadultsbelievestateschoolsare

underfunded.大多數(shù)成年人都認為公立學校經費不足.

?...underfunded

pensions.資金短缺的養(yǎng)老金

外刊例句：Theconferencereflectedanongoingdebateintheindustry

overwhetherEurope'sforceswerebeing

underfunded,

ornotfundedintherightway,andwhattheconsequencescouldbefor

fightingthe'waronterror'.

()該會議反映出了該行業(yè)里正在熱議的爭論：歐盟的力量是否未得到了充足資金,或者是有沒有投對地方,以及反恐行動成效如何.

替換表達：underfinanced

學生錯誤表達：deprivedoffunds點評：deprivedoffunds帶有"被剝奪資金”的含義,這里改為underfinanced/underfunded比較恰當.

4-standachanceagainst

詞典釋義：29.

standachance/hope(ofdoingsth)tobelikelytobeabletodosomethingorto

succeed有機會/有希望(做某事)：?You'llstandabetterchanceofgettingajobwithadegree.你有了學位找到工作的機會就更大.?Maybetheirrelationshiphadneverreallysto