（高考英語作文煉句）第50篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.保護(hù)古跡、古建筑和其他具有文化意義的物品,人們很少會(huì)爭(zhēng)論這些行動(dòng)的價(jià)值,所以如果很多人允許讓滿載文化意義的事物,比如一門語言,逐漸消亡,這就會(huì)顯得很奇怪了.Peoplerarely

disputethevalueof(1.爭(zhēng)論……的價(jià)值)preservingancientrelics,oldbuildingsandotheritemsofculturalsignificance(2.具有文化意義),soitseemsoddthat(3.……顯得很奇怪)somethingsobrimmingwithculturelikealanguageisallowedbymanytofadeaway(4.逐漸消亡).

1-disputethevalueof

詞典釋義：disputeverb

intransitive

or

transitive

/d??spju?t/

ADVANCED

■todisagreewithsomethingthatsomeonesays

(對(duì)…)有異議;不同意,否認(rèn);爭(zhēng)論?Fewwould

dispute

hisstatusasthefinestartistoftheperiod.他是那個(gè)時(shí)期最好的藝術(shù)家,很少有人對(duì)此存有異議.?Thecircumstancesofherdeathhavebeen

hotly

disputed.她的死引起了激烈的爭(zhēng)論.?[+(that)]Idon't

dispute

(that)

Lucas'filmsareentertaining,buttheyhaven'tgotmuchdepth.我并不否認(rèn)盧卡斯的電影具有娛樂價(jià)值,但這些電影都沒有甚么深度.

外刊例句：Few

disputethevalueof

nurseryschools–theyprovidehigh-qualityearlyeducation,promoteinclusionandimprovelong-termoutcomesforchildren,particularlythosefromchallengingbackgrounds.

()沒有什么人會(huì)對(duì)幼兒園的價(jià)值提出爭(zhēng)論,幼兒園可以提供高質(zhì)量的幼兒教育,讓小朋友更好地融入集體,給他們帶來更多長(zhǎng)期影響,尤其是對(duì)那些來自貧苦家庭的小朋友而言.

替換表達(dá)：doubtthevalueof

2-ofculturalsignificance

詞典釋義：significance

[s?g'n?f.?.k?nts]

noun

uncountable

IMPORTANCE

重要性

IMPROVER

■importance

重要性,重要意義

?Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis

of

great

significance

for/to

peoplesufferingfromheartproblems.這種新藥的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)心臟病患者來說具有重要意義.

外刊例句：JudyGarland’s1939musicaltopsacademic

study’slistoffilms

ofcultural

significance,withStarWarsinsecondandPsychointhird.

()在關(guān)于最具文化影響力的電影的學(xué)術(shù)榜單上,朱迪·嘉蘭德于1937年拍攝的音樂片登頂,緊隨其后的是《星球大戰(zhàn)》和《驚魂記》.

替換表達(dá)：beculturallysignificant

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：With/bearculturalmeaning點(diǎn)評(píng)：culturalmeaning是中式表達(dá),這里應(yīng)該改為ofculturalsignificance

3-itseemsoddthat...

詞典釋義：oddUK

[?d]

US

[ɑ：d]

adjective

STRANGE

奇怪的

IMPROVER

■strangeorunexpected

奇怪的,古怪的;異常的;出人意料的

?Herfatherwasan

odd

man.她父親是個(gè)古怪的人.?Whatan

odd

thingtosay.說起來多古怪的一件事啊.?Theskirtandjacketlookedabit

odd

together.這裙子和夾克搭配看上去有點(diǎn)怪.?That's

odd

(=surprising)-I'msureIputmykeys

inthisdrawerandyetthey'renothere.真奇怪——我肯定把鎖匙放進(jìn)這個(gè)抽屜了,可是卻不見了.?It

's

odd

that

no-one'sseenhim.奇怪的是沒人見過他.?It

mustbe

odd

to

liveonthe43rdfloor.住在43層一定很怪異.

外刊例句：So

itseemsoddthat

MrObamacontinuestodelayitsimplementation.

()因此,奧巴馬再三推遲落實(shí)其政策,就顯得很奇怪了.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Itwillseemoddthat點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一種常態(tài),句子應(yīng)該改為itseemsoddthat

4-fadeaway

詞典釋義：fadeaway[intransitive]

[presenttense

I/you/we/they

fadeaway

he/she/it

fadesaway

present

participle

fadingaway

pasttense

fadedaway

pastparticiple

fadedaway]

phrasalverb

1.

todisappearslowly

Herfootstepsfadedawaydownthestaircase.

2.

Same

as：

fade

2

Mostofthesefashionsjustfadeawayand

areforgotten.

3.

Same

as：

fade

4

Ifyoudon’t

starteatingproperlyyou’regoing

tofadeaway.

外刊例句：It'sbettertoburnoutthan

fadeaway.KurtCobainclearly

thoughtso,quotingthisfamousNeilYounglyricinhissuicidenote,but

thenheobviouslywasn'treferringtotheissueofgreenhouse-gasemissions

whenitcomestothesomewhatthornycremationvburialdebate.

()焚燒成灰遠(yuǎn)比緩慢消失好.科特·克貝顯然是這樣想得,因?yàn)樗昧酥娙四釥枴钤谄渥詺⒔^句上的詩句.不過他顯然不是指解決溫室效應(yīng)氣體中的棘手討論：焚燒與填埋之爭(zhēng).

替換表達(dá)：disappear/vanish/dieout

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Graduallyfadeaway點(diǎn)評(píng)：fadeaway本身已經(jīng)包含有"逐漸”的含義,這里gradually要去掉.

2.在一個(gè)日漸全球化的世界,小語種的消亡在很大程度上是難以避免的,雖然這可能會(huì)令人難過,但實(shí)質(zhì)上這是進(jìn)步的一種體現(xiàn).Inanincreasinglyglobalisedworldthelossof

minoritylanguages

(1.小語種)islargelyinevitable,andalthoughitmaybesad,intruthitis

aformofprogress(2.進(jìn)步的一種體現(xiàn)).

1-minoritylanguages

詞典釋義：minoritya.agroupofpeopleofadifferentrace,

religionetcfrommostotherpeopleinthatcountry少數(shù)民族;少數(shù)派;少數(shù)群體：?Peoplefromethnicminoritiesoftenface

prejudice.少數(shù)民族的人時(shí)常要面對(duì)偏見.?theverylargeRussianminoritiesinUkraine

andMoldova在烏克蘭和摩爾多瓦的大量俄羅斯少數(shù)民族居民?childrenfromminoritygroups來自少數(shù)族裔的兒童?theteachingof

minoritylanguages

inschools學(xué)校里少數(shù)民族語言的教學(xué)

外刊例句：ThetechnologicalinfrastructurethatnowdominatesourworkingandprivatelivesisoverwhelminglyinEnglish,whichmeans

minoritylanguages

areunder

threatmorethanever.

()我們現(xiàn)在日常生活和工作中遇到的許多技術(shù)設(shè)備都是配以英文說明,這意味著小語種面臨著比以往更大的威脅.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Small/minorlanguages點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒有small/minorlanguages這兩種表達(dá),"小語種”應(yīng)該使用固定說法minoritylanguages

2-aformofprogress

詞典釋義：form

●●●●●1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

類型;類別;種類

A

form

of

somethingisatypeorkindofit.?Hecontractedarare

form

of

cancer...他得了一種罕見的癌癥.?Doctorsarewillingtotakesome

form

ofindustrialaction...醫(yī)生們?cè)敢獠扇∧撤N形式的勞工行動(dòng).

?Iamagainsthuntinginany

form.我反對(duì)任何形式的狩獵.2.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

(存在的)形態(tài),形式

Whensomethingcanexistor

happeninseveralpossibleways,youcanuse

form

torefertoone

particularwayinwhichitexistsorhappens.?Valleysoftentakethe

form

of

deepcanyons...山谷經(jīng)常以深峽谷的形態(tài)存在.?Theyreceivedabenefitinthe

form

of

ataxreduction...他們獲得了減稅優(yōu)惠.?Initspresent

form,

thelawcouldleadtonewinjustices.以其目前的形式而言,這項(xiàng)法規(guī)可能會(huì)帶來新的不公.

外刊例句：Theenmityandbarbaritylooklikeapathto

theabyss—butthesmartphoneclipsthathelptorelaythemare

aformofprogress

aswellasa

mediumofhorror.()仇恨與惡行就像是通往深淵的道路,而那些傳遞著它們的智能手機(jī)既是一種進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn),也是一種制造恐怖的手段.

替換表達(dá)：beanimprovement(inoneway)

3.獨(dú)特的文化習(xí)俗在全球各地正變得過時(shí)以及正在被拋棄,但游客帶來的金錢卻可以成為延續(xù)其中一些習(xí)俗的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力.Allaroundtheworld

uniqueculturalpractices

(1.獨(dú)特的文化習(xí)俗)arebecomingoutdatedandbeingabandonedbutthemoneytouristsbringcanbeapowerfulincentiveto

keepsomeofthesepracticesalive(2.延續(xù)其中一些習(xí)俗).

1-uniqueculturalpractices

詞典釋義：

practice['pr?k.t?s]

noun

REGULARACTIVITY

慣常的行為

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■somethingthatis

usuallyorregularlydone,oftenasahabit,traditionorcustom

慣常做法,慣例;習(xí)俗?WhatcanEuropeancompanieslearnfromJapanesebusiness

practices?

歐洲公司能從日本工商業(yè)的做法中學(xué)到些甚么呢??It's

common

practice

intheStatestotipthehairdresser.在美國通常要給理發(fā)師小費(fèi).?Thisisacruel

practice

whichshouldbebannedimmediately.這是個(gè)殘忍的習(xí)俗,應(yīng)該立即禁止.?Whatis

standard

practice

(=Whatisusuallydone)inasituationlikethis?

在這種情況下通常如何處理??Newspapereditorshaveagreedanew

codeof

practice

ontheinvasionofprivacy.報(bào)社編輯們已同意在侵犯隱私的問題上采取新的行為準(zhǔn)則.

外刊例句：In

themselves,fightsover

cultural

practices

andsymbolsarenothingnewinCanada.()就其本身而言,文化習(xí)俗和象征的爭(zhēng)斗在加拿大并不罕見.

替換表達(dá)：distinctiveculturalconventions/practices/customs

2-keepsomeofthesepracticesalive

詞典釋義：

ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞繼續(xù)存在的;在起作用的Ifanactivity,organization,or

situationis

alive,itcontinues

toexistorfunction.

【搭配模式】：v-linkADJThebigfactoriesaretryingtostayalivebycuttingcosts.大型工廠正試圖通過削減成本以維持生存.Bothcommunitieshaveatraditionofkeepinghistoryalive.兩個(gè)團(tuán)體都有延續(xù)歷史的傳統(tǒng).

外刊例句：Thenightwearrive,overamoreish"pudding”

ofpotatoesandsourcream,Violeta,anEnglishteacher,tellsmethisis

theirwayofhelping

keep

traditions

alive.()那晚我們到達(dá)時(shí),(大家)都在吃著由土豆和酸奶油制成的美味布丁,一位英語老師比奧來塔告訴我,這是他們用來保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的方式.

替換表達(dá)：maintain/preservesomeofthesepractices

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)perpetuate

someofthesecustoms點(diǎn)評(píng)：用詞不當(dāng),perpetuate一般指"讓不好的事情延續(xù)”(tomakeasituation,attitudeetc.,especiallyabadone,continue

toexistforalongtime),例如：aneducationsystemthat

perpetuates

thedivisionsinour

society使我們的社會(huì)持續(xù)分化的一種教育制度,單詞用在這里不妥.(2)passonsomecustoms點(diǎn)評(píng)：passon是指"將……傳給……”,例如：ThelateEarlpassedonmuchofhisfortunetohisdaughter.已故伯爵將他的大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)傳給了女兒.這里改為keepsomeofthesecustomsalive會(huì)更加恰當(dāng).4.文化旅游有助于延續(xù)某些本來會(huì)消失或面臨衰退的文化習(xí)俗.但是,如果管理不當(dāng),文化旅游會(huì)使文化習(xí)俗脫離當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳?并將這些習(xí)俗變成僅僅用于賺錢的俗氣的機(jī)器.Culturaltourismcanhelptokeepcertainculturalpracticesalivethat

wouldotherwisehave

(1.本來會(huì))disappearedorfaceddecline.However,ifmanagedpoorly,tourismcan

removecustomsfrom

(2.使文化習(xí)俗脫離……)thelivesoflocalsandturntheminto

littlemorethan

(3.僅僅)atackymoney-makingmachine(4.俗氣的賺錢機(jī)器).

1-wouldotherwisehavedone對(duì)于otherwise位于句首的形式"Otherwise,...”我們比較熟悉,而對(duì)它作為副詞放在句中,(1)使用虛擬語氣"would/could/might/should+do/havedone”的用法,(2)"otherwise+adj+n”的用法,《英語常用詞疑難用法手冊(cè)》講的很清楚：

■otherwise這個(gè)副詞除了一般詞典所指出的"采取別樣”與"否則”的意義外,有時(shí)候還表示"如果不是采取當(dāng)前采取的新做法(或者不發(fā)生當(dāng)前的新情況)就會(huì)如何”,也就是"保持原先的狀態(tài)或做法就會(huì)如何”,簡(jiǎn)化來說,就是相當(dāng)于中文的"本來會(huì)如何”.【例如】Inafight,theotherwisefriendlyneighbor

poundshisheadwithabrick.

在打斗中,本來很友好的鄰居竟然拿磚頭打了他的腦袋.Thedrugwouldsaveatleastsomebabiesand

mothersfromtheirotherwiseterriblefate.

該藥物將起碼能夠拯救一些嬰兒和母親擺脫他們那種本來很可怕的命運(yùn).Takedepression.Itatleastdoublesan

otherwisehealthyperson'sheart-attackrisk...(Newsweek,Oct.2,2005,p.

51)

就拿憂郁癥來說,它起碼使得一個(gè)本來很健康的人心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高一倍…

Thenewmedicinesavedmefromanillness

which

mightotherwisehavebeen

hopeless.

新的藥物治好了我的一場(chǎng)本來會(huì)毫無希望治好的病andevenotherwisesupportivescientists

arguedthattheresearchersshouldnothavegonepublicuntiltheyhadtruly

nailedmedicalcloning'sultimateprize：geneticallycustomizedreplacement

cells.(USNews&WorldReport,December10,2001,p.56)

…甚至本來采取支持態(tài)度的科學(xué)家也聲稱,研究者一定要等到他們真正拿到醫(yī)學(xué)克隆的最終大獎(jiǎng),即基因單個(gè)復(fù)制的替換細(xì)胞,才可以公布研究成果.Itistruetherewasthatlittleincidentin

ParisattheendofhistriptoFrancewhichtooksomeoftheshineoffan

otherwisesuccessfulvisit.

的確,他的法國之行,尾聲時(shí)在巴黎出了一件小事故,使得這次本來很成功的訪問有所遜色.Theyexerciseadisproportionateinfluenceon

ourpolicy,forcingournationalleaderstogiveuncompromisingattentionto

somethingthat

wouldotherwiseaffect

uslittle.(TheDailyGazette,Aug.2,2006)

他們對(duì)我們的政策起著大得離奇的影響,迫使我們的全國性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對(duì)一些本來同我們沒多大關(guān)系的事情糾纏不休.Thetropicalenvironmentseemedtobea

parasiticpowerthatbyitsowndemandingnatureseemedcapableofsappingan

otherwisehealthyperson'sstrength.熱帶的環(huán)境,像是一股寄生蟲似的勢(shì)力,它固有的苛刻性質(zhì),好像在破壞著一個(gè)本來健康的人的體力.

詞典釋義：otherwise

UK

[??e?(r)?wa?z]

US

[??e?r?wa?z]

adverb

★★★

Summary

Otherwise

canbeusedinthefollowingways：asawayofshowinghowasentenceorclauseisrelatedtowhathasalreadybeensaid：

Wemust

hurry;otherwisewe’llmissthe

train.

asanordinaryadverb：

You’reinlovewithRobert.Itdoesnogoodtopretend

otherwise.

1.

ifnot

1a.

usedfor

sayingthatifonethingdoesnothappenorisnottrue,somethingelsewill

happen,usuallysomethingbad

Ihopetheweatherimproves.Otherwise,we’llhavetocancelthepicnic.

Theprogrammehassavedthousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.

外刊例句：Theyfindthatbilateraltradebetweenmembercountrieswasawhopping213%higherin2011thanit

wouldotherwisehavebeen.

()他們發(fā)現(xiàn),成員國的雙邊貿(mào)易量在2011年比預(yù)期高了足足213%.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Shouldbe

perished點(diǎn)評(píng)：shouldbeperished是"應(yīng)該會(huì)消失”,與句子原意不符,這里應(yīng)該改為wouldotherwisehaveperished

2-removecustomsfrom

詞典釋義：remove[r?'mu：v]

verb

transitive

TAKEAWAY

拿走

ESSENTIAL

■totakesomethingorsomeoneawayfromsomewhere,oroffsomething

移開;拿開;去掉;除去;調(diào)動(dòng)?Themencameto

removetherubbishfromthebackyard.這些人來清除后院的垃圾.?Thisdetergentwill

remove

evenoldstains.這種洗滌劑就連以前的頑漬也能除去.?Itgotsohotthatheremoved

histieandjacket.天氣太熱了,他解下領(lǐng)帶,脫掉外套.?Theydecidedto

removetheirsonfromtheschool.他們決定把兒子從那間學(xué)校轉(zhuǎn)走.

custom['k?s.t?m]

noun

TRADITION

傳統(tǒng)

IMPROVER

countable

or

uncountable

■awayofbehavingorabeliefwhichhasbeenestablishedforalongtime

風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗;傳統(tǒng)?alocal/ancientcustom當(dāng)?shù)氐模爬系娘L(fēng)俗?[+

to

infinitive]Inmycountry,it'sthecustom(forwomen)togetmarriedinwhite.在我國,女子結(jié)婚穿白衣是一種習(xí)俗.

外刊例句：Ingolfitcan

remove

traditional

restraintsagainstgamesmanshipandtheinfringementofrules.()這在高爾夫運(yùn)動(dòng)里,可以去除其不利于會(huì)員制的傳統(tǒng)限制,以及讓其規(guī)則更靈活.

替換表達(dá)：breakcustomsawayfrom

3-littlemorethan

詞典釋義：No/nothing/little/morethan

phrase

usedforemphasizingthatsomeoneorsomethingisnotatallimportantor

impressive

Theancientcanalisnowlittlemorethanamuddyditch.

Thegovernortreatedourprotestsasnothingmorethanaminornuisance.

外刊例句：Worryingly,

bigbanksareindangerofturninginto

littlemorethan

hedgefunds.()大銀行正面臨危險(xiǎn),可能要淪落成區(qū)區(qū)對(duì)沖基金,實(shí)在令人擔(dān)憂.

4-atackymoney-makingmachine

詞典釋義：tacky

●○○○○1.ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

做工粗糙的;劣質(zhì)的;俗氣的

Ifyoudescribesomethingas

tacky,youdislikeitbecauseitischeapandbadlymadeorvulgar.?...awomaninafakeleopard-skincoatandtackyredsunglasses...身穿假豹皮大衣、戴著俗氣的大紅色太陽鏡的女人

?Th