（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第54篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.讓小罪犯花費(fèi)他們生命中數(shù)月或者是數(shù)年的時(shí)間與其他通常是慣犯待在一起,肯定會(huì)對(duì)小罪犯帶來(lái)負(fù)面的影響,而且易受影響的年輕人會(huì)很容易被拉入不良幫派.Making

small-timecriminals

(1.小罪犯)spendmonthsoryearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmore

hardenedcriminals

(2.慣犯)isboundtohaveanegativeinfluenceonthem,and

impressionable

(3.易受影響的)youngpeoplecaneasilygetdrawninto

thewrongcrowd(4.不良幫派).

1-small-timecriminals詞典釋義：small-time

UK

['sm?：l.ta?m]

US

['smɑ：l-]

disapproving

adjective

■notverysuccessfulorimportant

不起眼的,不很成功的?a

small-time

crook手段不高明的騙子?a

small-time

theatre二流劇院

criminal

●●●●○1.N-COUNT可數(shù)名詞罪犯A

criminal

isapersonwhoregularlycommitscrimes.?Agroupofgunmenattackedaprisonandsetfreenine

criminalsinMoroto.一伙持槍歹徒襲擊了莫羅托的一所監(jiān)獄,放走了9名罪犯.

外刊例句：They

were

small-timecriminals

witha

reputationforthuggishbehaviour.()他們是群以野蠻行為聞名的小罪犯.

替換表達(dá)：pettycriminals

2-hardenedcriminals

詞典釋義：hardenedUK

['hɑ：.d?nd]

US

['hɑ：r-]

adjective

ahardenedcriminal/detective,

etc.

■someonewhohashadalotofbadexperiencesandasa

resultdoesnotgetupsetorshocked

老練的罪犯／偵探等

be/becomehardenedtosth

■todevelopawayofdealingwithasadsituationsothat

itnolongerupsetsyou

變得對(duì)…不在乎?Youseeallsortsofterriblethingswhenyou'reanurse

soyoubecome

hardened

toit.以前當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)見(jiàn)過(guò)各種可怕的事,于是你就對(duì)這些習(xí)以為常了.

外刊例句：Second,itavoidsmixingminoroffenderswithmore

hardenedcriminals,whowill

teachthembadhabits.

()其次,它避免了把小罪犯和慣犯混在一起,而后者可會(huì)教前者不少壞習(xí)慣.

替換表達(dá)：habitualcriminals/offenders/recidivists

3-impressionable

詞典釋義：impressionable[?m'pre?.?n.?.bl]

oftendisapproving

adjective

■describessomeone,usuallyayoungperson,whoisvery

easilyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundthemandbywhattheyaretold,and

whosometimescopiesotherpeople'sbehaviour

(通常指年輕人)易受影響的

?He's

atthat

impressionable

age

when

he'sveryeasilyledbyotherchildren.他正處于那個(gè)易受影響的年齡,行為非常容易受其他孩子左右.

外刊例句：Also,asteensareso

impressionable,theconcernisthattheiropinionmightbeoverly

swayedbyothersandoverridetheirdecision-making.()而且,因?yàn)槟贻p人禁容易受人影響,(我們因此)擔(dān)憂,他們的意見(jiàn)會(huì)完全受其他人所掌控,喪失抉擇能力.

替換表達(dá)：susceptible/suggestible/beeasilyinfluenced

4-thewrongcrowd

詞典釋義：wrong

ADVANCED

■describes

somethingthatisnotconsideredtobesociallyacceptableorsuitable

不正當(dāng)?shù)?不可取的?Shegotinwiththe

wrong

crowd(=agroup

ofpeoplewhowerenotconsideredsociallyacceptable)atuniversity.她上大學(xué)時(shí)結(jié)交了一群狐群狗黨.

crowd4.

：

agroupofpeoplewithsomething(asahabit,interest,

occupation)incommon

：

anexclusivecompany

：

set,

clique

<thecocktail

crowd

>

<theHollywood

crowd

>

<Idon'tlikehimorhis

crowd

>

<inwiththewrong

crowd

>

外刊例句：Everyone

knowsthathangingoutwith

thewrong

crowd

cangetyouintrouble.()每個(gè)人都知道,與不良幫派為伍會(huì)惹上麻煩.

替換表達(dá)：criminalgangs

Makingsmall-timecriminalsspendmonthsor

yearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmorehardenedcriminalsisboundto

haveanegativeinfluenceonthem,andimpressionableyoungpeoplecaneasily

getdrawnintothewrongcrowd.

[分析]本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句.前一分句中,動(dòng)句詞短語(yǔ)Makingsmall-time

criminalsspendmonthsoryearsoftheirlifewithother,oftenmorehardened

criminals作主語(yǔ),這是一個(gè)makesb.dosth.結(jié)構(gòu),另外,oftenmorehardenedcriminals是other的同位語(yǔ);isboundtohave作謂語(yǔ);anegativeinfluence作賓語(yǔ);onthem作狀語(yǔ).后一分句是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),impressionable

youngpeople是主語(yǔ),caneasilygetdrawn是謂語(yǔ),intothewrongcrowd是狀語(yǔ).

2.監(jiān)獄或許能滿足某些人的正義感,但實(shí)際上它既不能起到威懾作用,有時(shí)候還會(huì)讓小罪犯變成職業(yè)罪犯.Prisonmaysatisfysomepeople'ssenseofjustice,butintruthitdoesnotserveasa

deterrent

(1.震懾)andsometimesturnsminoroffendersinto

careercriminals(2.職業(yè)罪犯).

1-deterrent

詞典釋義：deterrent

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

威懾力量;威懾因素;遏制物

A

deterrent

issomethingthatpreventspeoplefromdoingsomethingbymaking

themafraidofwhatwillhappentothemiftheydoit.?Theyseriouslybelievethatcapitalpunishmentisa

deterrent...他們真的相信死刑具有威懾作用.?Thetoughnewlawshouldactasa

deterrent.這項(xiàng)嚴(yán)厲的新法將起到威懾作用.

外刊例句：Thismattersforpolicy,asitsuggeststhat

lockingvastnumbersofpeopleinjailisnotonlyexpensive,butuselessas

a

deterrent.

()這對(duì)政策來(lái)說(shuō)很重要,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為,把大部分人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄不但成本高昂,而且也起不到什么威懾作用.

2-careercriminals

詞典釋義：careerUK

[k?'r??r]

US

[-'r?r]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■thejoborseriesofjobsthatyoudoduringyourworking

life,especiallyifyoucontinuetogetbetterjobsandearnmoremoney

生涯,職業(yè);事業(yè)?He'shopingfora

career

in

thepolice

force/

as

apoliceofficer.他希望當(dāng)一名員警.?Whenheretireshewillbeabletolookbackovera

brilliant

career

(=aworkinglifewhichhasbeenverysuccessful).等退休的時(shí)候,他可以回顧自己光輝燦爛的職業(yè)生涯.?Ithelpsifyoucanmoveafewrungsupthe

career

ladder

beforetakingtimeofftohaveababy.如果你能在事業(yè)的階梯上再攀登幾級(jí)然后再去休假生小孩,那樣會(huì)好一些.?ItookthisnewjobbecauseIfeltthatthe

career

prospects

weremuchbetter.我接受了這份新工作,因?yàn)槲矣X(jué)得它的職業(yè)前景更好.?Elainehasbecomeareal

career

woman/girl

(=isinterestedinandspendsmostofhertimeonherjob).伊萊恩成為了一名真正的職業(yè)女性.?Judithisvery

career

-minded/-oriented

(=

givesalotofattentiontoherjob).

裘蒂絲事業(yè)心很強(qiáng).

外刊例句：Most

career

criminals

donotbenefitfromacompanypensionscheme–unlessit'sone

theyfiddledforthemselves.

()職業(yè)罪犯大多沒(méi)有公司養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)——除了他們自己的欺詐公司.

替換表達(dá)：professionalcriminals

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Vocational/occupational

criminals點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有vocational/occupational

criminals的說(shuō)法,這里應(yīng)該改為career/professionalcriminals

3.監(jiān)獄應(yīng)該被看作是針對(duì)那些對(duì)社會(huì)真正有威脅的罪犯的最后手段,而不是處理不良分子的垃圾桶.判決應(yīng)該關(guān)注如何讓罪犯做一些有用的事情,或者最好是能讓他們學(xué)一些有用的東西,這樣他們能獲得成就感.Prisonshouldbeseenas

alastresort

(1.最后手段)forthosewhoposeagenuinerisktosociety,notabintotoss

undesirables(2.不良分子).Sentencingshouldfocusongettingoffenderstodosomethinguseful,or

betterstill

(3.最好)learnsomethinguseful,sothattheycangetasenseofachievement.

1-alastresort

詞典釋義：resortUK

[r?'z?：t]

US

[-'z?：rt]

noun

ACTION

行動(dòng)

uncountable

■whenyouhaveto

dosomethingbecausethereisnootherwayofachievingsomething

訴諸;憑借;采用?Hegotholdofthemoneylegally,without

resort

to

violence.他沒(méi)有采取暴力手段,而是透過(guò)合法途徑拿到了這筆錢.UK

[r?'z?：t]

US

[-'z?：rt]

noun

beyourlastresort

■tobetheonly

personorthingthatmightbeabletohelpyou,wheneveryotherpersonor

possibilityhasfailed

是最后的求助對(duì)象;是最后的出路;是最后的辦法

?Youhavetohelpme-you'remylast

resort.你一定要幫我——你是我最后的希望了.

外刊例句：ThenationalisationofminesinSouthAfrica

isacostly,high-riskpropositionthatshouldbeadoptedonly

asalastresort,anindependent

panelofexpertsisreportedtohaveconcludedafterayear-longstudyofthe

policyin14countries.

()專家調(diào)查小組在長(zhǎng)年研究了14個(gè)國(guó)家的政策后,總結(jié)道,南非的礦產(chǎn)國(guó)有化方案耗資甚大且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高,實(shí)乃萬(wàn)不得已的最后手段.

替換表達(dá)：afinalresort

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Thelastmethod點(diǎn)評(píng)：thelastmethod是指"排在最后面的一種方法”,它并沒(méi)有包含"最終手段”這一層含義.

2-undesirables

詞典釋義：undesirables

UK

[??n.d?'za??.r?.blz]

US

[-'za?r.?-]

oftenhumorous

pluralnoun

■peoplewhosebehaviourorappearancemakesthem

unacceptableinsocietyorataparticularoccasion

不受歡迎的人,令人討厭的人?Thereareguardsonthedoortokeepout(the)

undesirables.門口有警衛(wèi),會(huì)把不受歡迎的人擋在門外.

外刊例句：A

lotof"undesirables"arethoughttohavebeenmovedontolessvisibledistricts.()很多人認(rèn)為,許多"不良分子”都已搬到了其他沒(méi)那么顯眼的街區(qū).

3-betterstill

詞典釋義：betterstill

(also

evenbetter)

■usedtosaythataparticularchoicewouldbemoresatisfactory

干脆,不如

?Whydon'tyougiveheracallor,

better

still,goandseeher?

你為什么不打個(gè)電話給她,或者干脆親自去找她?

外刊例句：Victimsofawarmingworldmaybecaughtina

bureaucraticlimbounlessthingsaredonetoease—and

betterstill,pre-empt—theirtravails.

()全球變暖的受害者可能會(huì)受制于官僚主義的猶豫不決.除非這些官僚能采取行動(dòng),甚至最好就是能預(yù)先行動(dòng),否則他們的痛苦將難以緩解.

替換表達(dá)：evenbetter

Q：最后手段alastresort,是固定搭配嗎?用thelastresort也可以吧,就是指最后一個(gè),不指之一.A：這里用a/thelastresort都可以,它們的含義都是"最終手段”.

Prisonshouldbeseenasalastresortfor

thosewhoposeagenuinerisktosociety,notabintotossundesirables.

[分析]本句是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),Prison是主語(yǔ),shouldbeseen是謂語(yǔ),asalastresort…直到結(jié)尾是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),其中包括了一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾those,另外,asalastresort…notabin包含了一種取舍關(guān)系,肯定前者而否定后者.

4.從古至今,人類就一直在討論正義以及如何最好地懲治犯罪的話題.最簡(jiǎn)單的方法之一是對(duì)于每類犯罪都施以固定的懲罰.一些人支持這種做法.Sinceancienttimes,humanshavebeendiscussingthetopicofjusticeand

howbesttopunishcrimes(1.怎樣最好地懲治犯罪).Oneofthesimplestwaysistohave

fixedpunishments(2.固定的懲罰)foreachtypeofoffence,anapproachthat

findsfavourwith

(3.被……支持)some.

1-howbesttopunishcrimes注意此處best是副詞,放在了howtodosth中間.

詞典釋義：bestadverbsuperlativeofwell

1.inawaythatisbetterthananyother最好地：?Itworksbestif

youletitwarmupfirst.如果先把它預(yù)熱一下,使用效果最佳.?Thiscanbestbe

describedasaseriesofsteps.最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)法就是,這是一步步的過(guò)程.?thebest-dressedmaninParis巴黎穿著最講究的男人

外刊例句：Spendtimeexploring

howbestto

reachyourcustomersandensurethatyourproductisreadilyavailableintheplacesyourtargetmarketshops.()花時(shí)間去探索如何最好地找到目標(biāo)顧客,并確保你的產(chǎn)品已在目標(biāo)超市商場(chǎng)上架.

替換表達(dá)：thebestwaytodosth

2-fixedpunishments

詞典釋義：fixed[f?kst]

adjective

ARRANGED

安排的

ADVANCED

■arrangedordecidedalreadyandnotabletobechanged

確定的;固定的;不能變的?a

fixed

price固定價(jià)格?fixed

interestrates固定利率?Isthedateofthewedding

fixed

yet?

婚禮日期確定了嗎?

punishment

['p?n.??.m?