（高考英語作文煉句）第19篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.盡管媒體上大量的犯罪事件報(bào)道會導(dǎo)致公眾存在一定程度的多疑,但在今天這個時(shí)代,任何想對公眾隱瞞信息的嘗試最終都很可能會適得其反.Although

thesheervolumeof

(1.大量的)crimestoriesinthemediacanleadtoadegreeofparanoiaamongthepublic,

inthisdayandage(2.在這個時(shí)代)anyattemptstohideinformationfromthepublicwouldlikelybe

counterproductive(3.適得其反).

1-thesheervolumeof

詞典釋義：sheerUK

[???r]

US

[??r]

adjective

COMPLETE

完全的

ADVANCED

[before

noun]

■usedtoemphasizehowverygreat,importantorpowerfulaqualityorfeelingis;nothingexcept

完全的,徹底的

?Thesuggestionis

sheer

nonsense.這個建議純粹是胡言亂語.?Hissuccesswasdueto

sheerwillpower/determination.他的成功全靠自己的意志力／決心.?Itwas

sheer

coincidencethatwemet.我們的相遇純屬巧合.

volumeUK

['v?l.ju：m]

US

['vɑ：l-]

noun

AMOUNT

數(shù)量

ADVANCED

uncountable

■thenumberoramountofsomethingingeneral

總數(shù);總量;總額?It'sthe

sheer

volume

oftrafficinthecity

thatiscausingtheproblems.造成這些問題的就是城里的交通流量.

外刊例句：IfyouhadthegoodfortunetositnexttoGarretFitzGeraldatdinner—wrappedroundbyhisnaturalwarmthandcuriosity,aswellasnumbedby

thesheervolumeof

Dublin-tincturedwordsthattumbledoutofhim—youmightlearnmanydozensof

mind-bogglinglyarcanefacts.

()如果你有幸在晚餐時(shí)坐在GarretFitzGerald旁邊——置身于他天生的熱情與好奇中,談定地聽著他都柏林味十足的口音在那里滔滔不絕——你也許能得知很多神秘的事實(shí),開闊了眼界.

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

agreatamountof點(diǎn)評：amountof后面應(yīng)該接不可數(shù)名詞,不能用來修飾crimestories(2)

massive點(diǎn)評：massive是指事物的規(guī)模大,例如：Clubmemberscangetamassivediscountof￡50.會員可以有50英鎊的大折扣.Massive不可以用來指數(shù)量多.

2-inthisdayandage

詞典釋義：inthisdayandage

■atthepresenttime

如今,當(dāng)前,當(dāng)今?Youcan'taffordtorunbusinessesinefficientlyinthisday

andage.如今低效經(jīng)營企業(yè)是行不通的.外刊例句：SianBloorfromTraffordspokeofherfeelingsatmissing

outonagrammarschoolplaceattheageof11："Iwasthefailure.Isthat

whatwewantforchildren

inthisday

andage,tobeclassedascleverorfailures?”

()來自特拉福德的席恩·布魯爾談及她在十一歲時(shí)未能進(jìn)入文法學(xué)校讀書的心情時(shí),稱"我當(dāng)時(shí)就是個失敗者.而這就是我們今時(shí)今日仍想對孩子做的?把他們分成聰明人和失敗者?”

替換表達(dá)：nowadays/now/today

3-becounterproductive

詞典釋義：counterproductive

UK

[?ka?n.t?.pr?'d?k.t?v]

US

[-t??-]

adjective

■havinganeffectwhichisoppositetotheonethatisintendedorwanted

產(chǎn)生相反效果的;產(chǎn)生相反作用的;事與愿違的,適得其反的

?Improvedsafetymeasuresincarscanbe

counterproductive

astheyencouragepeopletodrivefaster.提高車輛安全性的措施可能會適得其反,因?yàn)檫@會激勵人們開快車.

外刊例句：Norwouldtheysolvetheunderlyingprobleminglobalsteel

markets,whichisthehugeexcesssteelcapacityinChina.Indeed,theycould

becounterproductive

intheir

effects.

()他們將不會解決全球鋼鐵市場的潛在問題,即中國鋼鐵產(chǎn)能過剩.他們的努力的確可能適得其反.

替換表達(dá)：beself-defeating/havetheoppositeeffect/backfire

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

endupwith

counterproductiveresults點(diǎn)評：可以精簡為counterproductiveQ：any后什么時(shí)候跟復(fù)數(shù),什么時(shí)候跟單數(shù)?A：any在否定句和疑問句中后面一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,例如：

Arethereanystamps?

有郵票嗎?Inevermakeanybigdecisions.

我從未作過任何重大決定.

此時(shí)句子不能寫成Arethereanystamp?/Inevermakeanybigdecision.

2.從實(shí)際操作的角度來看,在當(dāng)今世界想要查禁暴力內(nèi)容幾乎是不可能的.因暴力內(nèi)容而被禁的電影很容易在網(wǎng)上找到,而且通常封禁一部電影反而起到宣傳它的作用.Fromapracticalperspective(1.從實(shí)際操作的角度來看),tryingto

censor

(2.查禁,審查)violenceisnearimpossibleintoday'sworld.Filmsthatarebannedduetoviolentcontentcaneasilybefoundontheinternet,andoftenthebanningofafilm

onlyservesto

(3.反而起到……的作用)publiciseit.

1-fromapracticalperspective

詞典釋義：

perspective

UK

[p?'spek.t?v]

US

[p?'spek-]

noun

THOUGHT

想法

IMPROVER

countable

■aparticularwayofconsideringsomething

(思考問題的)角度,觀點(diǎn),想法?Herattitudelendsafresh

perspective

tothe

subject.她的態(tài)度為這個問題提供了新的視角.?Hewrites

from

aMarxist

perspective.他從一個馬克思主義者的角度寫作.?Becauseofitsgeographicalposition,Germany's

perspectiveonthesituationinEasternEuropeisratherdifferentfromBritain's.由于地理位置不同,德國對東歐局勢的看法與英國大相逕庭.fromafeminist

/Christian/globaletcperspective?Wehavetolookat

everythingfromaninternationalperspective.我們必須以國際的視角來看待一切問題.

外刊例句：Indeed,

froma

practicalperspective,theschoolrunisamassivecongestioncauser;the

morekidswecangetfromcarsontosomeformofpublictransport,thebetter

forcongestionandtheenvironment.

()從實(shí)際出發(fā),這條學(xué)校線路的確會引起了嚴(yán)重交通堵塞.我們?nèi)绻梢宰尭嗪⒆幼步煌ㄉ蠈W(xué)而非私家車,那將不僅能緩解堵塞,而且可以造福自然.

替換表達(dá)：fromaadjview/angle、practically

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

Fromthe

practicaloperation點(diǎn)評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,不能根據(jù)字面意思直譯,operation一般是指"手術(shù);行動”.(2)

practically

speaking點(diǎn)評：沒有practically

speaking的說法(但有g(shù)enerallyspeaking的說法)(3)

fromthe

practicalperspective點(diǎn)評：應(yīng)該改為froma

practicalperspective

2-censor

詞典釋義：censorUK

['sent.s?r]

US

[-s?]

noun

countable

■apersonwhosejobistoreadbooks,watchfilms,etc.inordertoremoveanythingoffensivefromthem,orwhoreadsprivateletters,especiallysentduringwarorfromprison,toremovepartsconsidered

unsuitable

(書籍、電影等的)審查員,審查官;(尤指戰(zhàn)時(shí)或監(jiān)獄中私人書信的)檢查員

UK

['sent.s?r]

US

[-s?]

verb

transitive

■toremoveanythingoffensivefrombooks,films,etc.,ortoremovepartsconsideredunsuitablefromprivateletters,especiallysent

duringwarorfromaprison

審查(對書、電影等進(jìn)行刪改,以篩除當(dāng)中冒犯粗劣的內(nèi)容,也指對戰(zhàn)時(shí)或監(jiān)獄中所寫的私人書信的檢查,刪除其中不當(dāng)?shù)牟糠?

?Thebookwasheavily

censored

whenfirstpublished.這本書首次出版時(shí)經(jīng)過了嚴(yán)格的審查.

外刊例句：Google’svideoplatformisbeingattackedbyadvertisers

fornot

censoring

enoughandby

creatorsfor

censoring

toomuch.

Butdon’tfeelsorryforitjustyet.()谷歌的視頻平臺正遭廣告商投訴其審查太松的同時(shí),又遭到視頻創(chuàng)作者投訴其審查太嚴(yán)了.不過它沒覺得自己的審查系統(tǒng)有什么問題.

3-onlyservetodosthonlyservetodosth、onlytodo往往都有"出人意料(的結(jié)果)、本想達(dá)到可是正好相反(的結(jié)果)”之意.詞典釋義：?

only

Itwill

only

serve

toannoytheclaimants'advisersandwill

notleadtoaconduciveclimateforultimatesettlement.

Ithinkitwould

only

serve

toreinforcemyfears.

Manydocuments,especiallyfromthenineteenthcentury,containredundant

wordswhich

only

serve

toconfuse.

Again,thisstorymay

serve

only

aspropaganda,oritmay

indicateanearliercultureinwhichwomenheldpower.

Calley,whohadbeensentencedtolifeimprisonment,waseventuallyparoled

afterhaving

served

only

threeyears.

Thiscould

only

serve

tomakethingsworse.

外刊例句：Onceagain,theJapanesepublicmustbewonderingwhether

politics

onlyservesto

inflict

crueljokesuponthem.()日本民眾再一次不得不心生疑問——這些政策是否將反過來變成一堆笑話.

替換表達(dá)：Doingsthwillachievenothing,andmayresultinsthinstead.

3.媒體對名人強(qiáng)烈的興趣所帶來的一個問題是它轉(zhuǎn)移了讀者的注意力,使得他們無法關(guān)注更加重要的事情.除了在一些媒體被嚴(yán)格管控的國家,名人的故事經(jīng)常占據(jù)大量新聞版面.即使很容易獲得更有意義的新聞,許多人還是被名人的故事所吸引.結(jié)果,人們沒能對社會問題有一個全面的了解,比如涉及到醫(yī)療、教育和環(huán)保的問題等.Oneproblemwiththemedia'skeeninterestincelebritiesisthatit

diverts(1.轉(zhuǎn)移)people'sattentionfrommoreimportantissues.Exceptincountriesinwhichthemediaaretightlyregulated,celebritystoriesoften

receivedisproportionatenewscoverage(2.占據(jù)大量新聞版面).Eventhoughitisstilleasytoobtainmoresignificantnews,manypeopleareallured

(3.被……吸引)bycelebritystories.Asaresult,theydonot

getafullpictureof(4.對……有全面的了解)societalissues,suchasthoserelatingtohealthcare,educationandtheenvironment.

1-divertdivert在表示轉(zhuǎn)移人的注意力時(shí),通常采用的是間接的方式.

詞典釋義：divertUK

[da?'v?：t]

US

[d?'v?：t]

verb

transitive

TAKEATTENTION

AWAY

轉(zhuǎn)移注意力

■totakesomeone'sattentionawayfromsomething

分散,轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力)?Thewarhas

diverted

attention

(away)

from

thecountry'seconomicproblems.戰(zhàn)爭轉(zhuǎn)移了人們對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的關(guān)注.

外刊例句：Demonstrators

areatiresomelot.Theyblockstreetsandclogtraffic,costingotherpeople

timeandmoney;they

divertpolice

attention,drainingbudgetsandperhapshelpingcriminals.()示威者真是令人厭煩.他們封鎖街道,堵塞交通,浪費(fèi)別人的時(shí)間和金錢;他們分散公眾注意力,浪費(fèi)財(cái)政預(yù)算,甚至可能滋生犯罪.替換表達(dá)：

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

Transferreaders’

attention點(diǎn)評：動賓搭配不當(dāng),transfer含義是"搬運(yùn),轉(zhuǎn)移”,后面的賓語一般是實(shí)物,不能用來指轉(zhuǎn)移注意力.

2-receivedisproportionatenewscoveragedisproportionate直譯為"不成比例的”,在句子中使用時(shí),根據(jù)上下文的情景可以體現(xiàn)出"比例太大/太小的”,所以想要表達(dá)"比例太大/太小”時(shí)就直接可以用這個詞.

詞典釋義：disproportionate

UK

[?d?s.pr?'p?：.??n.?t]

US

[-'p?：r-]

adjective

■toolargeortoosmallincomparisontosomethingelse,

ornotdeservingitsimportanceorinfluence

不成比例的;不相稱的;不協(xié)調(diào)的;太大(或太小)的

?Therearea

disproportionate

number

ofgirls

intheclass.這個班里女孩的人數(shù)特別多.?Thecountry'sgreatinfluenceintheworldis

disproportionate

to

itsrelativelysmallsize.該國在世界上的巨大影響力與其相對較小的面積有些不相稱.

coverageUK

['k?v.?r.?d?]

US

[-?-]

noun

uncountable

REPORT

報(bào)道

ADVANCED

■thereportingofaparticularimportanteventorsubject

新聞報(bào)道?WhatdidyouthinkoftheBBC'selection

coverage?

對英國廣播公司的大選報(bào)道你怎么看?

外刊例句：This

disproportionate

mediacoverage

offringeclimatecontrariansisaproblemknownas"false

balance,”andhasplaguednotonlypoliticallyconservativemediaoutlets,

butalsopurportedlyneutralnewsorganizationsliketheBBC.

()對非主流的氣候變化否定份子的這些不成比例的報(bào)道體現(xiàn)了為人熟知的"虛假平衡”問題,而且這不僅困擾著那些政治保守媒體,甚至影響著一些像BBC等致力于保持政治中立的媒體.替換表達(dá)：unequal、unreasonable、toomuch

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

takeupalot

ofnews點(diǎn)評：takeup一般指占據(jù)時(shí)間、精力和空間等,用在這里不合適.(2)

occupya

largenumberof/alotofnewslayout點(diǎn)評：用詞不當(dāng).Layout是指"版面編排,版面設(shè)計(jì)”,occupyalargenumberof/alotofnewslayout不能用來指新聞?wù)紦?jù)的版面大.(3)

occupylarge

volumesofnews/alargepartofnewspaperisoccupiedby點(diǎn)評：搭配不當(dāng),occupy一般指占據(jù)時(shí)間或空間,不能和news/newspaper搭配.

3-bealluredbyallure的程度要比attract深,除了表示中性的"吸引”,還能表示使用負(fù)面手段的"引誘”.

詞典釋義：allurev.(動詞)allured,alluring,alluresv.tr.(及物動詞)Toattractwithsomethingdesirable;entice：誘惑;引誘：Promisesofquickprofits

alluretheunwaryinvestor.能很快收得到利潤的承諾吸引了心存僥幸的投資者r.(不及物動詞)Tobehighly,oftensubtlyattractive：吸引,誘惑：高度地,常常是微妙地吸引：charmsthatstillallure.仍然有吸引力的魅力

外刊例句：Werethesebohemianrooftop-dwellersmerely"ur-hipsters”,

orantediluvianbeatniks,

alluredby

theaestheticsofself-inducedpoverty?()這些放蕩不羈的屋頂居民僅僅是"嬉皮士”,或是沉醉于自我引發(fā)的貧困美學(xué)的過氣披頭士呢?

替換表達(dá)：tempt/attract/entice/lure

4-getafullpictureof

詞典釋義：pictureUK

['p?k.t??r]

US

[-t??]

noun

IDEA

想法

ESSENTIAL

onlysingular

■(anideaof)asituation

情況;局面;事態(tài)

?Afterwatchingthenews,Ihadaclearer

pictureof

whatwashappening.看完新聞后,我進(jìn)一步了解到當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的事.?The

picture

emerginginreportsfromthebattlefieldisoneofcompleteconfusion.據(jù)報(bào)道,戰(zhàn)場上的局面一片混亂.

外刊例句：Unfortunately,DfID'saccountsareextremelymessy,and

it'sdifficultto

getafullpicture

of

whereexactlyUKaidmoneygoes.

()不幸的是,DfID系統(tǒng)的記錄極度混亂,難以完整準(zhǔn)確地呈現(xiàn)出英國捐助基金的錢花在了哪些地方.

替換表達(dá)：getathorough/proper/fullunderstanding/knowledgeof

something

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

haveall

aroundunderstandingof點(diǎn)評：沒有allaround

understanding的搭配,這里可以改為haveafullunderstandingof

Q：請問relatedto與relatingto有什么區(qū)別?A：當(dāng)表示"有關(guān),涉及”這一層含義時(shí),relatedto/relatingto可以互換.但relatedto除此之外還有其他含義"表示親戚關(guān)系的”,例如：Imight

berelatedtohim.我和他可能有親戚關(guān)系.

Q：是不是incountriesinwhich可以用countries

whereA：是的,這里inwhich和where可以互換.

Q：第二句話開頭,如果是Exceptincountriesinwhichthemediaaretightly

regulated,把第一個in去掉,是不是可以,我覺得這樣更通順.A：這里第一個in不可以去掉,因?yàn)榫渥舆€原后是：Except

incountriesinwhichthemediaaretightlyregulated,celebritystories

oftenreceivedisproportionatenewscoverage(inothercountries).

Q：老師,我搞不太清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：Onproblemwiththemedia'skeen

interestincelebritiesisthatisdivertspeople'sattention.我猜想on應(yīng)該是one,然后第二個is為it.A：是的,你的理解沒問題,這里系統(tǒng)出了點(diǎn)問題.

Q：社會問題問什么不是socialissues,而是societal

issues?在字典中只查到了socialissues這個說法A：socialissues或者societal

issues都可以,兩者可以互換.

Oneproblemwiththemedia'skeeninterestincelebrities

isthatitdivertspeople'sattentionfrommoreimportantissues.

[分析]本句的主干是Oneproblem…isthat…,這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),主語是Oneproblemwith

themedia'skeeninterestincelebrities,其中介詞短語with

themedia'skeeninterestincelebrities作定語,修飾One

problem,表語是that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,在that定語從句中,it是主語,指代themedia'skeeninterestin

celebrities,diverts是謂語,people's

attention是賓語,frommoreimportantissues是狀語.

4.媒體機(jī)構(gòu)要意識到過分強(qiáng)調(diào)名人新聞會弊大于利,并因此盡他們最大努力去限制名人報(bào)道以及對報(bào)道負(fù)責(zé)任,這一點(diǎn)很重要.Itisimportantthatmediaorganizationsrecognizethat

anoveremphasison

(1.過分強(qiáng)調(diào))celebritynewscan

domoreharmthangood

(2.弊大于利)and,

accordingly(3.因此),dotheirbesttoexerciserestraintandresponsibilityincelebrityreporting.

1-anoveremphasison

詞典釋義：overemphasis

1.N-SING

單數(shù)名詞

過分強(qiáng)調(diào);過分注重

Ifyousaythatthereis

anoveremphasison

a

particularthing,youmeanthatmoreimportanceorattentionisgiventoit

thanisnecessary.

【搭配模式】：alsonodet?Heattributedtheparty'slackofsuccesstoan

overemphasis

onideologyandideas.他將該黨的失敗歸因于過分強(qiáng)調(diào)意識形態(tài)和理念.

外刊例句：ButIcan’ttellyouhowmanyconversationsI’minwith

educatorswhoareunderstandablystressedandconcernedabout

anoveremphasison

testinginsome

placesandhowmuchtimetestingandtestpreparetakingfrominstruction.”

()

但我難以告訴你我和那些教育家聊了多少次.這些教育家多次清晰地強(qiáng)調(diào)某些地區(qū)過度強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和考試準(zhǔn)備占用教學(xué)的時(shí)間,并對此感到擔(dān)憂.

替換表達(dá)：overemphasizingsomething/placingtoomuchemphasisonsomething

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

overstate點(diǎn)評：overstate是指某事物被過分夸大,例如：Theimpactofthenewlegislationhasbeengreatlyoverstated.新立法的影響被大大夸大了.Overstate不可以用來指過分強(qiáng)調(diào)某事.

2-domoreharmthangood"對某事來說弊大于利”還可以表達(dá)為"dosomethingmoreharmthangood”.

詞典釋義：UK

[hɑ：m]

US

[hɑ：rm]

noun

uncountable

domoreharmthangood

■tobedamagingand

nothelpful

弊大于利?Gettinginvolvedatthisstagewoulddomore

harm

thangood.在這個階段涉入此事弊大于利.

外刊例句：Mandatory

quotas

domoreharmthangood.But

firmsshouldmakeworkmorefamily-friendly.()強(qiáng)制配額弊大于利.然而公司應(yīng)該讓工作更加有家庭親和力.

替換表達(dá)：Thenegativesofsomethingoutweighthepositives

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

the

disadvantagesoutlived點(diǎn)評：用詞不當(dāng),outlive是指"比……活得久”,這里應(yīng)該改為thedisadvantagesofsomethingoutweighitsadvantages

3-accordinglyaccordingly作為"所以”的含義多用于句首.

詞典釋義：accordingly

●●○○○1.ADV

副詞

因此;于是

Youuse

accordingly

tointroduceafactorsituationwhichisaresultorconsequence

ofsomethingthatyouhavejustreferredto.

【搭配模式】：usuADVwithcl?Wehaveadifferentbackground,adifferenthistory.

Accordingly,wehavetherighttodifferentfutures...我們有不同的背景和不同的歷史.因此,我們有權(quán)擁有不同的未來.?Theworkforcehaverecentlybeencallingfortheirworking

hourstobereduced.Manycompanieshave

accordingly

switchedtoafive-dayweek.工人們最近一直在呼吁縮短工作時(shí)間.許多公司于是轉(zhuǎn)成了一周五天工作制.

外刊例句：Accordingly,onlya

footballteamwillnecessarilychartyourlifefrombeginningtoend,and

it'sonlyafootballteamwhosehistorynecessarilybecomesyourhistory.()因此,只有一直足球隊(duì)會陪伴你一生,其歷史必然記錄了你的一生.替換表達(dá)：consequently/asaresult/therefore/thus

Q：老師你好,我在同義詞辨析詞典里看到accordingly前不可以用逗號,自己也搜索了一些句子,有一些是句號和分號.所以想跟您確認(rèn)一下.A：這個用法是沒問題的,語料庫上可以找到很多權(quán)威例證,例如《衛(wèi)報(bào)》上的句子：InPuel’s

previousjobheinspiredNicetosurpassexpectationswithmuchpizzazz.At

SouthamptonhegenerallyfailedtodothatdespitetheEFLCupexploits

and,ac