新概念英語第二冊(cè)外刊精讀和閱讀練習(xí)

Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入一個(gè)機(jī)器人無處不在的世界時(shí)，人類似乎變得和機(jī)器一樣機(jī)械化了。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.ultra-processed

超加工的carbon-intensive

高碳行業(yè)dairy

/?deri/n.乳制品Eversince

redandprocessedmeatwaslinkedtoanincreasedriskofcancer

adecadeago,peoplehavebeenadvisedtolimittheirdailyconsumptionofthesetoamaximumof70g.Butwhilethe“fiveaday”fruitandvegetablescampaignturns21thisyear,andwarningsaboutexcesssugarabound,other

governmentguidelines

onfoodremainvague.Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.Therearenorecommendationsastohowmuchwhitemeatshould

beconsumed.vague

/ve?ɡ/adj.不明確的，不清楚的oily

/???li/adj.含油的The

nationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategy

rejectedtheideaofameattax

asameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUK

atelessmeatathome

thanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,and

veganismhasgainedinpopularity.banger

/?b???r/n.香腸veganism

/'ved??niz?m/n.純素食主義Nevertheless,theideaofaproteintransitionhasnotcaughtoninthewaythattheenergytransitionhas,anditneedstobetalkedaboutiftargetsaretobereached.Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor

12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.SomeexpertsareconcernedaboutthelackoffocusonmeatintheUN’sclimateplans.graze

/ɡre?z/v.放牧isresponsiblefor

是造成……原因IntheUK,theClimateChangeCommittee,whichadvisesthegovernmentonpoliciestomeetnetzero,hasproposeda35%reductioninmeatperpersonby2050.Thenationalfoodstrategyrecommendeda30%reductionover10years.Buthavingcommissionedthereview,BorisJohnsondisregardedit–andalsopostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising

netzero

凈零排放disregard

/?d?sr??ɡɑ?rd/v.忽視，輕視，postpone

/po??spo?n/v.推遲，延緩長(zhǎng)難句分析：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.解析：這個(gè)句子使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)“as...as...”，意為“和...一樣”，表達(dá)了當(dāng)機(jī)器人無處不在時(shí)，人類的行為和機(jī)器一樣機(jī)械化。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.解析：這個(gè)句子的主語是“thepublicationofamajorstudy”，“l(fā)inking...to...”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾“study”，說明這項(xiàng)研究將習(xí)慣性食用加工肉和紅肉與2型糖尿病的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)聯(lián)系起來，這是我們深思飲食選擇的一個(gè)重要原因。Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.解析：這個(gè)句子簡(jiǎn)單明了，指出許多人認(rèn)識(shí)到改變飲食習(xí)慣有環(huán)境方面的原因。Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.解析：這個(gè)句子使用了“while”引導(dǎo)的對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，說明政府對(duì)魚類的攝入有具體建議，但對(duì)肉類的攝入建議則含糊不清。Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.解析：這個(gè)句子中，“Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，說明研究的基礎(chǔ)是焦點(diǎn)小組的研究，作者們觀察到某些食物在文化上具有神圣地位。Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.解析：這個(gè)句子使用了“allthesame”表示盡管有上述情況，但肉類消費(fèi)量仍然下降了。Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.解析：這個(gè)句子中，“Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmland”是主語，“isusedto”后面跟了兩個(gè)目的狀語，說明全球四分之三的農(nóng)田用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物或種植飼料作物，這些活動(dòng)占全球溫室氣體排放的12%到20%。閱讀理解：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.1.WhatisthemainconcernregardingBritisheatinghabits?A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.B.Thepopularityofvegandiets.C.Thedecreaseinredmeatconsumption.D.Theincreaseindairyproductconsumption.2.Whatistherecommendeddailyconsumptionofredandprocessedmeat?A.Lessthan50g.B.Exactly70g.C.Upto70g.D.Morethan100g.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonforthedeclineinmeatconsumptionintheUK?A.Healthconcerns.B.Costoflivingpressures.C.Culturalpreferences.D.Risingpopularityofveganism.4.WhatpercentagereductioninmeatconsumptionperpersonhastheClimateChangeCommitteeproposedby2050?A.20%.B.30%.C.35%.D.50%.5.WhatwasBorisJohnson'sresponsetothenationalfoodstrategy?A.Heimplementedtherecommendationsimmediately.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.C.Heproposedanevenmoreambitiousreductiontarget.D.Hefocusedonpromotingthe"fiveaday"campaign.參考答案：1.A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.解析：短文中提到了對(duì)超加工和垃圾食品不斷上升的擔(dān)憂，這是英國飲食習(xí)慣中長(zhǎng)期存在的問題。2.C.Upto70g.解析：短文中明確提到了自從紅肉和加工肉與增加患癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)聯(lián)系起來后，人們被建議將每天的攝入量限制在最多70克。3.C.Culturalpreferences.解析：短文中提到了由于生活成本壓力、家庭在支付食品賬單上的困難以及素食主義的流行導(dǎo)致肉類消費(fèi)量的下降，但沒有提到文化偏好作為下降的原因。4.C.35%.解析：英國氣候變化委員會(huì)建議到2050年每人肉類消費(fèi)量減少35%。5.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.解析：短文最后提到，盡管鮑里斯·約翰遜委托進(jìn)行了審查，但他忽視了審查結(jié)果，并且推遲了對(duì)垃圾食品廣告的限制。閱讀理解練習(xí)2：Thenationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxasameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUKatelessmeatathomethanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,andveganismhasgainedinpopularity.1.Theauthorsofthenationalfoodstrategyobservedthatmeat-basedmealsareconsidered:A.Economical.B.Unhealthy.C.Culturallysignificant.D.Environmentallyfriendly.2.Thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxbecauseitwasthoughtto