管理信息系統(tǒng)（第11版）課件：Foundations of Business Intelligence Databases and Information Management

FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:DatabasesandInformationManagementStudentLearningObjectivesEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementHowdoesarelationaldatabaseorganizedata?Whataretheprinciplesofadatabasemanagementsystem?Whataretheprincipaltoolsandtechnologiesforaccessinginformationfromdatabasestoimprovebusinessperformanceanddecisionmaking?Whatistheroleofinformationpolicyanddataadministrationinthemanagementoforganizationaldataresources?Whyisdataqualityassurancesoimportantforabusiness?StudentLearningObjectivesEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementStudentLearningObjectivesEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementLearningTracksDatabaseDesign,Normalization,andEntity-RelationshipDiagrammingIntroductiontoSQLHierarchicalandNetworkDataModelsVideoCasesCase1:DubuqueUsesCloudComputingandSensorstoBuildaSmarterCityCase2:DataWarehousingatREI:UnderstandingtheCustomerCase3:MarutiSuzukiBusinessIntelligenceandEnterpriseDatabasesBetterDataManagementHelpstheTorontoGlobeandMailReachItsCustomersProblem:

DatafragmentedinisolateddatabasesandfilesTime-consumingreportingprocessesOutdateddatamanagementtechnologySolution:Replacedisparatesystemswithenterprisesystem,withcentralizedmainframeanddatamanagementsystemEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementSAPenterprisesystemwithSAPNetWeaverBWdatawarehousetocontainallcompany’sdata;educateusersandtoolsDemonstratesIT’sroleinsuccessfuldatamanagementIllustratesdigitaltechnology’sabilitytolowercostswhileimprovingperformanceEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementBetterDataManagementHelpstheTorontoGlobeandMailReachItsCustomersEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementBetterDataManagementHelpstheTorontoGlobeandMailReachItsCustomersTheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementDatabase:Collectionofrelatedfilescontainingrecordsonpeople,places,orthings.Priortodigitaldatabases,businessusedfilecabinetswithpaperfiles.Entity:Generalizedcategoryrepresentingperson,place,thingonwhichwestoreandmaintaininformationForexample:SUPPLIER,PARTAttributes:Specificcharacteristicsofeachentity:SUPPLIERname,addressPARTdescription,unitprice,supplierEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementRelationaldatabase:Organizedataintotwo-dimensionaltables(relations)withcolumnsandrows.Onetableforeachentity:Forexample:(CUSTOMER,SUPPLIER,PART,SALES)Fields(columns)storedatarepresentinganattribute.Rowsstoredataforseparaterecords,ortuples.Keyfield:uniquelyidentifieseachrecord.Primarykey:OnefieldineachtableCannotbeduplicatedProvidesuniqueidentifierforallinformationinanyrowEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementARelationalDatabaseTableFigure6-1Arelationaldatabaseorganizesdataintheformoftwo-dimensionaltables.IllustratedhereisatablefortheentitySUPPLIERshowinghowitrepresentstheentityanditsattributes.Supplier_Numberisthekeyfield.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementThePARTTableFigure6-2DatafortheentityPARThavetheirownseparatetable.Part_NumberistheprimarykeyandSupplier_Numberistheforeignkey,enablinguserstofindrelatedinformationfromtheSUPPLIERtableaboutthesupplierforeachpart.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEstablishingrelationshipsEntity-relationshipdiagramUsedtoclarifytablerelationshipsinarelationaldatabaseRelationaldatabasetablesmayhave:One-to-onerelationshipOne-to-manyrelationshipMany-to-manyrelationshipRequires“jointable”orintersectionrelationthatlinksthetwotablestojoininformationEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementASimpleEntity-RelationshipDiagramFigure6-3ThisdiagramshowstherelationshipbetweentheentitiesSUPPLIERandPART.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementNormalizationProcessofstreamliningcomplexgroupsofdatato:Minimizeredundantdataelements.Minimizeawkwardmany-to-manyrelationships.Increasestabilityandflexibility.ReferentialintegrityrulesUsedbyrelationaldatabasestoensurethatrelationshipsbetweencoupledtablesremainconsistent.Forexample:whenonetablehasaforeignkeythatpointstoanothertable,youmaynotaddarecordtothetablewithforeignkeyunlessthereisacorrespondingrecordinthelinkedtable.EssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementSampleOrderReportFigure6-4TheshadedareasshowwhichdatacamefromtheSUPPLIER,LINE_ITEM,andORDERtables.ThedatabasedoesnotmaintaindataonExtendedPriceorOrderTotalbecausetheycanbederivedfromotherdatainthetables.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheFinalDatabaseDesignwithSampleRecordsFigure6-5Thefinaldesignofthedatabaseforsuppliers,parts,andordershasfourtables.TheLINE_ITEMtableisajointablethateliminatesthemany-to-manyrelationshipbetweenORDERandPART.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementEntity-RelationshipDiagramfortheDatabasewithFourTablesFigure6-6ThisdiagramshowstherelationshipbetweentheentitiesSUPPLIER,ART,LINE_ITEM,andORDER.TheDatabaseApproachtoDataManagementEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementSpecifictypeofsoftwareforcreating,storing,organizing,andaccessingdatafromadatabaseSeparatesthelogicalandphysicalviewsofthedataLogicalview:howendusersviewdataPhysicalview:howdataareactuallystructuredandorganizedExamplesofDBMS:MicrosoftAccess,DB2,OracleDatabase,MicrosoftSQLServer,MySQL,DBMSDatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementHumanResourcesDatabasewithMultipleViewsFigure6-7Asinglehumanresourcesdatabaseprovidesmanydifferentviewsofdata,dependingontheinformationrequirementsoftheuser.Illustratedherearetwopossibleviews,oneofinteresttoabenefitsspecialistandoneofinteresttoamemberofthecompany’spayrolldepartment.DatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementOperationsofaRelationalDBMSSelect:CreatesasubsetofallrecordsmeetingstatedcriteriaJoin:CombinesrelationaltablestopresenttheserverwithmoreinformationthanisavailablefromindividualtablesProject:CreatesasubsetconsistingofcolumnsinatablePermitsusertocreatenewtablescontainingonlydesiredinformationDatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheThreeBasicOperationsofaRelationalDBMSFigure5-8Theselect,project,andjoinoperationsenabledatafromtwodifferenttablestobecombinedandonlyselectedattributestobedisplayed.DatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementFigure6-8CapabilitiesofDatabaseManagementSystemsDatadefinitioncapabilities:Specifystructureofcontentofdatabase.Datadictionary:Automatedormanualfilestoringdefinitionsofdataelementsandtheircharacteristics.Queryingandreporting:DatamanipulationlanguageStructuredquerylanguage(SQL)MicrosoftAccessquery-buildingtoolsReportgeneration,forexample,CrystalReportsDatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementAccessDataDictionaryFeaturesFigure6-9MicrosoftAccesshasarudimentarydatadictionarycapabilitythatdisplaysinformationaboutthesize,format,andothercharacteristicsofeachfieldinadatabase.DisplayedhereistheinformationmaintainedintheSUPPLIERtable.ThesmallkeyicontotheleftofSupplier_Numberindicatesthatitisakeyfield.DatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementExampleofanSQLQueryFigure6-10IllustratedherearetheSQLstatementsforaquerytoselectsuppliersforparts137or150.TheyproducealistwiththesameresultsasFigure6-8.DatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementAnAccessQueryFigure6-11IllustratedhereishowthequeryinFigure6-10wouldbeconstructedusingMicrosoftAccessquery-buildingtools.Itshowsthetables,fields,andselectioncriteriausedforthequery.DatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementNon-RelationalDatabasesDevelopedtohandlelargedatasetsofdatathatisnoteasilyorganizedintotables,columns,androws“NoSQL”:Non-relationaldatabasetechnologiesNon-relationalDBMSUsemoreflexibledatamodelDon’trequireextensivestructuringCanmanageunstructureddata,suchassocialmediaandgraphicsForexample:Amazon’sSimpleDBDatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementCloudDatabasesRelationaldatabaseenginesprovidedbycloudcomputingservices,suchasAmazonPricingbasedonusageAppealtoWeb-focusedbusinesses,smallormedium-sizedbusinessesseekinglowercoststhandevelopingandhostingin-housedatabasesForexample:AmazonRelationalDatabaseServiceOffersMySQL,MicrosoftSQLServer,OracleDatabaseenginesPrivatecloudsDatabaseManagementSystemsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingMassivequantitiesofunstructuredandsemi-structureddatafromInternetandnetworkedservicesandapplicationsBigdatasetsprovidemorepatternsandinsightsthansmallerdatasets,forexample:CustomerbehaviorWeatherpatternsRequiresnewtechnologiesandtoolsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTheChallengeofBigDataUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingArrayoftoolsforobtainingusefulinformationfrominternalandexternalsystemsandbigdataDatawarehousesDatamartsHadoopIn-memorycomputingAnalyticalplatformsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementBusinessIntelligenceInfrastructureDataWarehousesUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingDatawarehouse:DatabasethatstorescurrentandhistoricaldatathatmaybeofinteresttodecisionmakersConsolidatesandstandardizesdatafrommanysystems,operationalandtransactionaldatabasesDatacanbeaccessedbutnotalteredDatamart:SubsetofdatawarehousesthatishighlyfocusedandisolatedforaspecificpopulationofusersEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementHadoopUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingOpen-sourcesoftwareframeworkfromApacheDesignedforbigdataBreaksdatataskintosub-problemsanddistributestheprocessingtomanyinexpensivecomputerprocessingnodesCombinesresultintosmallerdatasetthatiseasiertoanalyzeKeyservicesHadoopDistributedFileSystem(HDFS)MapReduceEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementIn-MemoryComputingUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingReliesoncomputer’smainmemory(RAM)fordatastorageEliminatesbottlenecksinretrievingandreadingdatafromhard-diskbaseddatabasesDramaticallyshortensqueryresponsetimesEnabledbyHigh-speedprocessorsMulticoreprocessingFallingcomputermemorypricesLowersprocessingcostsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementAnalyticPlatformsUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingPreconfiguredhardware-softwaresystemsDesignedforqueryprocessingandanalyticsUsebothrelationalandnon-relationaltechnologytoanalyzelargedatasetsIncludein-memorysystems,NoSQLDBMSForexample:IBMNetezzaIntegrateddatabase,server,storagecomponentsEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingFigure6-12Acontemporarybusinessintelligenceinfrastructurefeaturescapabilitiesandtoolstomanageandanalyzelargequantitiesanddifferenttypesofdatafrommultiplesources.Easy-to-usequeryandreportingtoolsforcasualbusinessusersandmoresophisticatedanalyticaltoolsetsforpowerusersareincluded.ContemporaryBusinessIntelligenceInfrastructureEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementAnalyticalTools:Relationships,Patterns,TrendsUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingOncedatagathered,toolsarerequiredforconsolidating,analyzing,andinsighttoimprovedecisionmakingSoftwarefordatabasequeryingandreportingMultidimensionaldataanalysis(OLAP)DataminingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementSupportsmultidimensionaldataanalysis,enablinguserstoviewthesamedataindifferentwaysusingmultipledimensionsEachaspectofinformation—product,pricing,cost,region,ortimeperiod—representsadifferentdimensionForexample:comparingsalesinEastinJuneversusMayandJulyEnablesuserstoobtainonlineanswerstoadhocquestionssuchastheseinafairlyrapidamountoftimeOnlineAnalyticalProcessing(OLAP)UsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingFigure6-13Theviewthatisshowingisproductversusregion.Ifyourotatethecube90degrees,thefacethatwillshowisproductversusactualandprojectedsales.Ifyourotatethecube90degreesagain,youwillseeregionversusactualandprojectedsales.Otherviewsarepossible.MultidimensionalDataModelEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementFindshiddenpatternsandrelationshipsinlargedatabasesandinfersrulesfromthemtopredictfuturebehaviorTypesofinformationobtainablefromdataminingAssociations:occurrenceslinkedtosingleeventSequences:eventslinkedovertimeClassifications:patternsdescribingagroupanitembelongstoClustering:discoveringasyetunclassifiedgroupingsForecasting:usesseriesofvaluestoforecastfuturevaluesDataMiningUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementInteractiveSession:OrganizationsBusinessIntelligenceHelpstheCincinnatiZooKnowItsCustomersUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingReadtheInteractiveSessionandthendiscussthefollowingquestions:Whatpeople,organization,andtechnologyfactorswerebehindCincinnatiZoolosingopportunitiestoincreaserevenue?Whywasreplacinglegacypoint-of-salesystemsandimplementingadatawarehouseessentialtoaninformationsystemsolution?DescribethetypesofinformationgleanedfromdataminingthathelpedtheZoobetterunderstandvisitorbehavior.HowdidtheCincinnatiZoobenefitfrombusinessintelligence?Howdiditenhanceoperationalperformanceanddecisionmaking?TheZoo’smanagementrecentlystatedthatitmighthavetoaskformorerevenuefromtaxesinordertoprovidethesamelevelofqualityandserviceinthefuture.Howmightbusinessintelligencebeusedtopreventthisfromhappening?EssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementTextMiningUnstructureddata(mostlytextfiles)accountsfor80percentofanorganization’susefulinformation.Textminingallowsbusinessestoextractkeyelementsfrom,discoverpatternsin,andsummarizelargeunstructureddatasets.SentimentanalysisMinesonlinetextcommentsorine-mailtomeasurecustomersentimentUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementWebMiningDiscoveryandanalysisofusefulpatternsandinformationfromtheWebForexample:tounderstandcustomerbehavior,evaluateWebsite,quantifysuccessofmarketingContentmining—minescontentofWebsitesStructuremining—minesWebsitestructuralelements,suchaslinksUsagemining—minesuserinteractiondatagatheredbyWebserversUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementFirmsusetheWebtomakeinformationfromtheirinternaldatabasesavailabletocustomersandpartners.MiddlewareandothersoftwaremakethispossibleWebserverApplicationserversorCGIDatabaseserverWebinterfacesprovidefamiliaritytousersandsavingsoverredesigninglegacysystems.DatabasesandtheWebUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingEssentialsofManagementInformationSystemsChapter6FoundationsofBusinessIntelligence:Databasesand

InformationManagementUsingDatabasestoImproveBusinessPerformanceandDecisionMakingFigure6-14Usersaccessanorganization’sinternaldatabasethroughtheWebusingtheirdesktopPCsandWebbrowsersoftware.Link