上海市松江區(qū)2023-2024學年高三上學期期末質量監(jiān)控英語試題 含解析

松江區(qū)2023學年度第一學期期末質量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語(滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘)考生注意：1.本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分，試卷包括試題與答題要求，所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或寫(非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。2.答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫學校、班級、姓名和考號。3.答題紙與試卷在試題編號上是一一對應的，答題時應特別注意，不能錯位。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Happy. B.Angry.C.Relaxed. D.Confused.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Can’tyouknockonthedoorwhenyouentermyoffice?M:I’msorry!It’sjustthatI’minsuchahurry.Q:Howdidthewomanfeelwhenshewasspeakingtotheman?2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Anactress. B.Adirector.C.Awriter. D.Atranslator.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ihaveseenallyourfilms.You’vejustdirectedanewone,haven’tyou?W:Yes.It’saboutawriterandwillbetranslatedintoseverallanguages.Q:Whatisprobablythewoman?3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Professorandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient.C.Employerandapplicant. D.Shopownerandcustomer.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,Mr.Brown,we’reverypleasedwithyourqualifications.We’dliketoofferyoutheposition.M:That’sgreat!I’mreallylookingforwardtostartingmynewjob.Q:Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Tonyshouldcontinuetotaketheclass.B.SheapprovesofTony’sdecision.C.Tonycanchooseanothersciencecourse.D.ShecanmeetTonyearlyinthemorning.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtodropmyInformationScienceclass.Itmeetstooearlyinthemorning.W:Isthatagoodreasontodroptheclass,Tony?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Anannoyingdog. B.Mrs.White.C.Theflowergarden. D.Theirneighborhood.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:We’vegottodosomethingabouttheneighbor’sdog!M:Why?Hasitbeenintoyourflowergardenagain?YoushouldtalktoMrs.Whiteaboutit.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?6.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Hewasn’tinvitedtothemeeting.B.Hedidn’tfindthemeetinghall.C.Hemissedthemeetingintheend.D.Hewasdelayedbytheheavyfog.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Butfortheheavytraffic,Iwouldhavereachedthemeetinghalltwohoursearlier.W:Oh,whatapity!Themeetinghasbeenovernow.Q:Whatcanweconcludeabouttheman?7.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.15,000yuan. B.16,500yuan.C.50,000yuan. D.55,000yuan.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IamabigfanofChinesecalligraphy.Isthatpieceofworkstillpricedat50,000yuan?M:Sorry,madam,itspricehasrisenby10%.Q:Howmuchdoesthatpieceofcalligraphyworkcostnow?8.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Asportsmeeting. B.Ahikingtrip.C.Apressconference. D.Asurpriseparty.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:EveryonehidesinthenextroomandwhenJohncomes,wejumpout.W:Perhapsweshouldturnonafewlightssohewon’tsuspectanything.Q:Whatarethespeakersmostlikelyplanning?9.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A.Themanisseeingoffthewoman.B.TheyarecelebratingtheNewYear.C.Thewomanispickinguptheman.D.Theyarecomplainingabouttheairport.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Airportsaresadplaces.M:Sometimes,Iguess.Butwewillkeepintouch.AndI’llflyovertoyouonNewYear’sDay.Q:Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?10.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】A. B.C D.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Howaboutgoingtothecinemawithmetonight,Susan?W:SorryIcan’t.MysisterisgoingbacktoherschoolinBeijingandIhavetodrivehertotherailwaystation.Q:WhichpictureshowsSusan’sdestinationtonight?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.A.Toreduceourchanceofregularwalking.B.Toshowustheadvantagesofexercising.C.Topersuadeustowalkinourdailylife.D.Tochangeourhabitofwalkingeveryday.12.A.Walkinginruralareasarousesnewideas.B.Walkingofferscancerpatientsconfidence.C.Walkingenlargeselderpeople’sbrainsize.D.Walkinginnaturehelpstobeatdepression.13.A.Itcancurecommonheartdiseases.B.Ithasbeenmadepartofpeople’slife.C.Itistheeasiestwaytoloseweight.D.Itworksbetterontheoldthantheyoung.【答案】11.C12.D13.C【解析】【原文】Leftfoot,rightfoot,leftfoot,rightfoot...youcantravelfastorslow.Themovementofyourfeetgetsyouwhereyouneedtogo.Anditalsooffersyoumuchmore!Walkingisasimpleexercisesuitableforalmosteveryone.First,walkingenhancesyourphysicalhealth.Itmakesyourheartstronger.Studiesshowregularwalkingreducesyourchanceofheartdisease.Walkingquicklyfor30minutesadayalsohelpscontrolhighbloodpressure.Itcanreduceyourchanceofdevelopingsomecancers,too.Wanttoloseweight?Youneedtoburn600morecalorieseachdaythanyoutakeinandwalkingistheeasiestway.Aspeopleage,theirbrainsdon’tworkaswellasbeforebecausecertainpartsofthebrainsgetsmallerinsize.Olderpeoplewhowalksixmilesormoreperweekarelikelytokeeptheirbrainsinbettershape.Walkingimprovesyourmentalhealth,too.Accordingtosomescientificresearch,walkinginanaturallandscapecombininggreenandbluehelpspeoplefeelgroundedinnatureandcreatesafeelingofconnectiontotheworld.That’saneffectivewaytofightagainstdepression.Youcanmakewalkingpartofyourday.Insteadofparkingnearyourhouse,parkadistanceawayandwalk.Insteadoftakingthelift,walk.Makewalkingahabit,andseehowitmakesyoufeel.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?2.Howdoeswalkingbenefitpeople’smentalhealth?3.Whatcanwelearnaboutwalkingfromthepassage?聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.A.Howhistorycanbedefineddifferently.B.Whypeopleshouldstudyhistory.C.Howpeoplecanbetterunderstandthepast.D.Whyhistorymayaffectcareerchoice.15.A.Tounderstandunfamiliarthings.B.Toconvincedifferentpeople.C.Todevelopskillstogivedirections.D.Toidentifywithpeoplearound.16.A.Historyisabodyofknowledgeratherthanawaytothink.B.Beingahistorianisnotapopularideaforpresentstudents.C.Studyingthepasthelpspeopleunderstandthemodernworld.D.Thespeakerdoesnotagreewithothers’definitionsofhistory.【答案】14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】Foragreatmanypeople,historyisasetoffacts,acollectionofevents,aseriesofthingsthathappenedinthepast.Forme,historyisfirstlyawayofthinkingaboutandseeingtheworld.Tomakesenseofthepast,youshouldlearnhowtoseeitonitsownterms;inotherwords,howtofigureoutthemeaningofstrangeandunfamiliarthings,andhowtoidentifywithpeoplewhooncethoughtsodifferentlyaswedotoday.Ifyoulearnhowtodothesethings,youbegintodevelopskillsthatnotonlyhelpfindtherightdirectioninthepast,butthepresentaswell.Onceyoucanseethethingsthathistoryteachesyou,onceyouknowhowtounderstandtheinnerlogicofunfamiliarthoughtsandbehavior,itbecomeseasiertomakesenseofthemodernworldandthediversepeoplesandideasaroundyou.Itmightseemunusualthatoneofthebestwaystoexplainthepresentistostudythepast,butthatiswhyhistorycanbesoimportant.Whenweappreciatethathistoryisnotonlyabodyofknowledge,butratherawayofthinking,itbecomesaparticularlypowerfultool.Noteveryonemaychoosetobecomeahistorian.Yet,whatevercareeryouchoose,knowinghowtothinkhistoricallywillhelp.(Nowlistenagainplease.)1.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanhelppeoplemakesenseofthepast?3.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】17.A.Becausehedidn’ttakecompletenotes.B.Becausehisvisionisn’tgoodenough.C.Becausehehasmissedseveralclasses.D.Becausehisnotebookwaslostoncampus.18.A.Atalibrary. B.Atacopyshop.C.Atalaboratory. D.Atacoffeeshop.19.A.Gettingsomerest. B.Studyingtogether.C.Havingmoreclasses. D.Exchangingnotes.20.A.Themandoesnotwanttospendtimetakingnotes.B.Themanenjoysplayingslideshowsfortheprofessor.C.Thewomanwouldnotliketolendthemanhernotes.D.Thewomanwillhelptokeepthemanawakeinclass.【答案】17.A18.D19.B20.D【解析】【原文】M:Sally,isitpossibletolendmeyournotes?I’llreturnthemtomorrow.W:Well,Iusuallygotothecafeteriaandreviewthem.Say,howaboutcopyingthemoverinthelibrarynexttothecafeteria?M:Great!IthinkI’vegotenoughcoinsforthemachines.W:OK.ButIdon’tunderstandwhyyouneedmynotes,David.Youhaven’tmissedanyclasses,haveyou?M:Ihaven’t.Butweekdaymornings,Iworkpart-timeasawaiteratacoffeeshopdowntown.Afterwork,Icomedirectlytoschool!W:Wow,you’reprobablyexhausted!M:That’sexactlywhyIwanttoborrowyournotes.Iamnotabletotakegoodnotes.W:Whathappenstoyouduringtheclasses?M:I’musuallyawakeatthebeginning.Butaftertwentyminutesintoclass,Ihavetroublekeepingmyeyesopen.W:Hmm…Ineedsomeonetostudywithme,andyouneedsomeonetokeepyouawake,wanttobestudypartnersandworktogether?M:Yeah,I’dsureappreciateit.W:OK,let’sstarttodayatthelibrary.We’regoingthereanyway,andyoudon’thavetogotothecoffeeshop.M:Soundsgood.Oh,here’sProfessorRobinson.Itlookslikehe’sbroughtalongsomemoreofhisslides.WakemeupifIstartnoddingoff.W:OfcourseIwill.Don’tforgetwearestudypartnersnow.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whydoesthemanaskthewomanforhernotes?2.Wheredoesthemandohispart-timejob?3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemdoing?4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BuyNow,PayLaterSpendingBuynow,paylater(BNPL)spendingisexpectedtorisetorecordlevelsthisholidayseason.Withsomanyyoung“buynow,paylater”shoppersalreadyindebtfromthisshort-termfinancingtoolnotrequiringinterest,questionsemerge:Whydotheseshoppersusesuchatool?Andwhatrisksdoesitposetotheirbudgetsinthemonths____21____(come)?ThemanyGenerationZandmillennials(typicallyaround40yearsandyounger)tendtousethisshort-termfinancing,____22____allowsthemtobuyitemsandpayforthemovertime.Offeredmostlybyfinancialtechnologies,BNPLallowsthesecustomerstopaybacktheirpurchases____23____interestandwiththefirstpaymentusuallymadeatcheckout.Themostcommon“buynow,paylater”planis____24____customersmakefourequalpaymentsandpayoffthedebtinsixweeks.It’sbeenalifelineforsomepeople,suchasauniversitystudent____25____weeklyincomeisnotbigenough.“BNPLprovidesconsumerswithflexiblepaymentoptionssothey____26____managespending,”saidVivekPandya,leadanalystatAdobeDigitalInsights.Thatisofgreatimportanceformanyconsumers,especially____27____withatendencytopurchasehigher-costitems.However,sinceBNPL____28____(appear),warningsfromexpertshavecomeintoourview.Theyhavebeenindicatingthatit’sfinanciallyunhealthytoformsuchaspendinghabit.AccordingtoNewYorkFederalReserveeconomists,BNPLmayencouragedebttoincreaseovertime,____29____(influence)aconsumer’sabilitytomeetnon-BNPLcommitments,oruserstooverextendthemselves.Usersshouldalsonotethat______30______interestisnotchargedontheloan,they’llbehitwithlatefeesformissedpayments,whichcanaddupquickly,saystheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau.【答案】21.tocome22.which23.with24.that25.whose26.can27.those28.appeared29.influencing30.although##though##while【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了BNPL消費的優(yōu)缺點，以及作者對BNPL的態(tài)度。【21題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：在未來的幾個月，這會給他們的預算帶來什么風險？分析句子可知，空處表示動作未發(fā)生，應用動詞不定式修飾前面的名詞，作后置定語，inthemonthstocome譯為“在未來幾個月”。故填tocome?！?2題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：許多Z世代和千禧一代（通常在40歲及以下）傾向于使用這種短期融資，這使他們能夠購買物品并在一段時間內付款?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，先行詞是thisshort-termfinancing，指物，用關系代詞which引導從句，在從句中作主語。故填which?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：BNPL主要由金融技術提供，允許這些客戶帶息還款，第一筆付款通常在結賬時支付。withinterest“付利息地，帶息”為固定搭配。故填with?！?4題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：最常見的“先買后付”計劃是，客戶分期付款四次，并在六周內還清債務。分析句子可知，此處應用表語從句的連接詞，從句句子完整，不缺少成分，應用只起連接作用，無實意的that引導。故填that?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：對于一些人來說，這是一條生命線，比如一名每周收入不夠大的大學生?？仗幰龑拗菩远ㄕZ從句，先行詞是student，指人，且在從句中作名詞income的定語，用關系代詞whose引導從句，在從句中作定語。故填whose。【26題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。AdobeDigitalInsights首席分析師VivekPandya表示：“BNPL為消費者提供了靈活的支付選擇，使他們能夠管理支出?！狈治鼍渥涌芍仗帒们閼B(tài)動詞，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應用表示“能夠，可以”的情態(tài)動詞can。故填can。【27題詳解】考查代詞。這對許多消費者來說非常重要，尤其是那些傾向于購買高成本商品的消費者。分析句子可知，空處應用代詞，指代前文的consumers，指代名詞復數(shù)，應用代詞those。故填those?！?8題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。然而，自從BNPL出現(xiàn)以來，專家們的警告已經進入了我們的視野。根據(jù)since和havecome以及句意可知，主句是現(xiàn)在完成時，since從句描述過去發(fā)生的動作，應用一般過去時，謂語動詞應用過去式。故填appeared?！?9題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)紐約聯(lián)邦儲備銀行經濟學家的說法，BNPL可能會鼓勵債務隨著時間的推移而增加，影響消費者履行非BNPL承諾的能力，或者用戶過度擴張自己。該句的謂語是mayencourage，且無連詞，空處應用非謂語動詞，influence與逗號前面的句子之間是主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語，表示自然而然的結果。故填influencing?！?0題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。消費者金融保護局說，用戶還應該注意，雖然貸款不收取利息，但他們將因未付款而受到滯納金的打擊，這些滯納金可能很快就會累積起來。根據(jù)interestisnotchargedontheloan與they’llbehitwithlatefeesformissedpayments存在讓步轉折關系可知，空處應用讓步狀語從句的連接詞，表示“雖然，盡管”，故填although/though/while。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．attractiveB．botheredC．buildingD．contrastsE．crossedF．demonstratesG．dramaticallyH．greyedI．instrumentalJ．sustainingK．vividlyAReviewonOppenheimerOppenheimerisChristopherNolan’sfilmaboutJ.RobertOppenheimer,themanknownas“thefatheroftheatomic(原子的)bomb”.Asadramaaboutgenius,prideanderror,it____31____thelifeoftheAmericantheoreticalphysicistwhohelpedresearchanddevelopthetwoatomicbombsthatweredroppedonHiroshimaandNagasaki,twocitiesinJapan,duringWorldWarII.Oppenheimerisagreatachievement,partlybecauseit____32____relatesthatperiodofhistorythankstoNolan’slifelikefilmmaking.Nolangoesdeepandlongonthe____33____ofthebomb,buthedoesn’trestagetheattacksandtherearenodocumentaryimagesofthedeadorcitiesinashes.ThestorytracksOppenheimeracrossdecades,startinginthe1920swithhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair____34____.Thefilmtouchesonhispersonalandprofessionalmilestones,thecontroversiesthat____35____him,andtheattacksthatnearlyruinedhim.Besides,thefriendshipsandromances____36____him,yetalsotroubling,arealsodescribed.ThepathofOppenheimer’slife___37___shiftedatBerkeley.Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterGermanyenteredPolandbyforce.Bythattime,OppenheimerhadbecomefriendswithErnestLawrence,aphysicistwhoinventedthehistoricparticleaccelerator(粒子加速器)andplayeda(n)____38____roleintheManhattanProject.AndOppenheimeralsomettheproject’smilitaryheadandwasthenmadedirectorofLosAlamos,wheremuchofhislaterresearchonnuclearweaponstookplace.Fran?oisTruffautoncewrotethat“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,presentwarsinacertain____39____way.”ThatiswhyNolanrefusestoshowthebombingofHiroshimaandNagasaki,killingmillionsofsouls.Inthefilm,youhearthatOppenheimer’sfamouswords____40____hisownmindasthemushroomcloudrose:“NowIambecomeDeath,thedestroyerofworlds.”Nolanisactuallyremindingaudiencetoreconsidertherolestheycanplayintheworld.【答案】31.F32.K33.C34.H35.B36.J37.G38.I39.A40.E【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章是一則關于《奧本海默》的影評，介紹了電影的大概內容以及人物的背景知識?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：作為一部關于天才、驕傲和錯誤的戲劇，它展示了美國理論物理學家的一生，他在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間幫助研究和開發(fā)了投在日本廣島和長崎兩個城市的兩顆原子彈。根據(jù)“thelifeoftheAmericantheoreticalphysicist”以及句意“展示”可知應填動詞demonstrate，陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為it，謂語用三單形式。故選F?！?2題詳解】考查副詞。句意：《奧本海默》是一部偉大的作品，部分原因是由于諾蘭栩栩如生的電影制作，它生動地講述了那段歷史。根據(jù)“relatesthatperiodofhistory”以及句意“生動”可知應填副詞vividly，修飾動詞relate。故選K?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：諾蘭對原子彈的建造進行了深入而漫長的研究，但他沒有重現(xiàn)襲擊事件，也沒有記錄死者或灰燼中的城市。根據(jù)“ofthebomb”以及句意“建造”可知應填名詞building，作賓語。故選C。【34題詳解】考查動詞。句意：故事講述了奧本海默幾十年的故事，從20世紀20年代他年輕的時候開始，一直持續(xù)到他頭發(fā)變白。根據(jù)“withhimasayoungadultandcontinuinguntilhishair”以及句意“變白”可知應填動詞grey，結合上文startinginthe1920s可知為一般過去時。故選H?！?5題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：這部電影觸及了他個人和職業(yè)上的里程碑，困擾他的爭議，以及幾乎毀了他的攻擊。根據(jù)“thecontroversiesthat”以及句意“困擾”可知應填動詞bother，結合attacksthatnearlyruinedhim可知為一般過去時。故選B。【36題詳解】考查動詞。句意：除此之外，書中還描述了支持他的友誼和愛情，但也令人不安。根據(jù)“him,yetalsotroubling”以及句意“支持”可知應填動詞sustain，此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故選J。【37題詳解】考查副詞。句意：奧本海默的人生軌跡在伯克利發(fā)生了戲劇性的變化。根據(jù)“Hewasonceonlyanacademicthere,buthisidentitychangedafterGermanyenteredPolandbyforce.(他曾經只是一名學者，但在德國武力入侵波蘭后，他的身份發(fā)生了變化)”以及句意“戲劇性”可知應填副詞dramatically，修飾動詞shift。故選G。【38題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：那時，奧本海默已經和歐內斯特·勞倫斯成了朋友，勞倫斯發(fā)明了具有歷史意義的粒子加速器，并在曼哈頓計劃中發(fā)揮了重要作用。根據(jù)“roleintheManhattanProject”以及句意“重要”可知應填形容詞instrumental，修飾名詞role。故選I?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：弗朗索瓦·特呂弗曾寫道：“戰(zhàn)爭片，即使是那些支持和平的電影，即使是最好的電影，無論是否愿意，都以某種吸引人的方式呈現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭?！备鶕?jù)“warfilms,eventhosewhosupportpeace,eventhebest,willinglyornot,presentwarsinacertain”以及句意“吸引人的”可知應填形容詞attractive，修飾名詞way。故選A。【40題詳解】考查動詞。句意：在電影中，當蘑菇云升起時，你會聽到奧本海默的名言閃過他的腦海：“現(xiàn)在我變成了死神，世界的毀滅者?！备鶕?jù)“youhearthatOppenheimer’sfamouswords”以及句意“閃過”可知應填cross，結合asthemushroomcloudrose可知為一般過去時。故選E。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthot-airballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghcompletedthefirstone-persontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____41____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitscompetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof____42____flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya___43___fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.YetupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan____44____aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder____45____,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)take-offandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreducecomplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughtocomfortably____46____acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____47____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired____48____predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove____49____expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningouttobea(n)____50____processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto____51____itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis___52___practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Somebelievethattheircostmaycomedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflying-taxirideswillbeaccessibleto____53____inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi.____54____,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience____55____onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.41.A.cooperator B.competitor C.observer D.pioneer42.A.wind-driven B.battery-driven C.gas-driven D.solar-driven43.A.substitute B.shelter C.treatment D.desire44.A.regulate B.maintain C.unlock D.reverse45.A.pressure B.attack C.development D.repair46.A.underestimate B.update C.outpace D.overdo47.A.rigid B.autonomous C.attentive D.illegal48.A.daring B.discouraging C.unclear D.ordinary49.A.technological B.unrealistic C.rewarding D.enthusiastic50.A.efficient B.simple C.lengthy D.intelligent51.A.putoff B.speedup C.objectto D.approveof52.A.historically B.technically C.theoretically D.economically53.A.thelearned B.thedisabled C.theseniors D.themasses54.A.Furthermore B.However C.Fortunately D.Consequently55.A.affordable B.valuable C.unbelievable D.unsuitable【答案】41.D42.B43.A44.C45.C46.C47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.D53.D54.B55.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是明年，如果一切按計劃進行，巴黎將見證另一個行業(yè)先驅的誕生，屆時德國電動飛機制造商Volocopter將在奧運會期間推出飛行出租車服務?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：明年，如果一切按計劃進行，巴黎將見證另一個行業(yè)先驅的誕生，屆時德國電動飛機制造商Volocopter將在奧運會期間推出飛行出租車服務。A.cooperator合作者；B.competitor競爭者；C.observer觀察者；D.pioneer先鋒。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)aunchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，Volocopter將在奧運會期間推出飛行出租車服務，這在以前是沒有的，所以這是行業(yè)先驅，空格處用pioneer。故選D。【42題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在今年6月的巴黎航展上，Volocopter及其一些競爭對手展示了專為城市交通設計的新一代電池驅動飛行器。A.wind-driven風驅動的；B.battery-driven電池驅動的；C.gas-driven燃氣驅動的；D.solar-driven太陽能驅動的。根據(jù)下文“Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavy”可知，飛行器是電池驅動的。故選B。【43題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：航空電氣化常常被認為是白日夢，因為人們認為電池太重，無法替代傳統(tǒng)的空中交通工具燃料。A.substitute替代物；B.shelter庇護處；C.treatment治療；D.desire渴望。根據(jù)上文“batteriesassumedtooheavy”和下文“fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle”可知，人們認為電池太重，無法替代傳統(tǒng)的空中交通工具燃料。故選A。【44題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，像Volocopter這樣的新貴正在打賭，電氣化可以在較短的距離內釋放對清潔和快速空中旅行的需求。A.regulate調節(jié)；B.maintain保持；C.unlock開啟；D.reverse預定。根據(jù)下文“aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances”可知，此處表示“像Volocopter這樣的新貴正在打賭，電氣化可以在較短的距離內釋放對清潔和快速空中旅行的需求”，空格處意為“開啟”。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正在開發(fā)的飛行出租車的主要形式被稱為電動垂直起降(eVTOL)飛機，預計最多可搭載四名乘客和一名飛行員。A.pressure壓力；B.attack襲擊；C.development開發(fā)；D.repair修理。根據(jù)上文“Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry____1____,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflying-taxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames”可知，這種飛行出租車明年才推出，所以現(xiàn)在是正在被開發(fā)。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它由電池供電，預計既能安靜到減少擁擠城市中的抱怨，又能快速行駛:時速可達300公里，足以輕松超過汽車，尤其是堵車的汽車。A.underestimate低估；B.update更新；C.outpace趕過；D.overdo把……做得過分。根據(jù)上文“capableofupto300kph”可知，時速可達300公里，可以超過汽車。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：樂觀主義者認為，空中交通的減少也將使eVTOLs非常適合自主操作。A.rigid嚴格死板的；B.autonomous自動的；C.attentive注意的，專心的；D.illegal非法的。根據(jù)上文“theabsenceoftrafficinthesky”可知，空中交通的減少就使得eVTOL很適合自主操作。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這一愿景激發(fā)了大膽的預測。A.daring大膽的；B.discouraging令人沮喪的；C.unclear不清楚的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)下文“Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040”可知，關于eVTOLs的愿景激發(fā)了人的大膽預測，所以有人愿意花錢在eVTOL上。故選A。【49題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管有上述熱情的期望，挑戰(zhàn)依然存在。A.technological技術的；B.unrealistic不現(xiàn)實的；C.rewarding值得的，有意義的；D.enthusiastic熱情的。根據(jù)上文“AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswell-suitedto____7____operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.”可知，上文所說的是對eVTOL的熱情的期望。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個問題是技術認證，這是一個漫長的過程，因為航空監(jiān)管機構正在研究一種全新形式的飛機。A.efficient效率高的；B.simple簡單的；C.lengthy冗長的；D.intelligent聰明的。根據(jù)上文“technicalcertification”和下文“aviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft”可知，技術認證是很漫長的過程，因為航空監(jiān)管機構正在研究一種全新形式的飛機。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：去年年底，由于監(jiān)管延誤和其他一些因素，硅谷初創(chuàng)公司Joby被迫將推出時間再推遲一年，直到2025年。A.putoff推遲；B.speedup加速；C.objectto反對；D.approveof同意。根據(jù)上文“duetoregulatorydelays”可知，監(jiān)管延誤導致硅谷初創(chuàng)公司Joby被迫將推出時間再推遲一年。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：更大的問題是——飛行出租車在經濟上可行嗎？A.historically歷史上地；B.technically技術上；C.theoretically理論上；D.economically在經濟上。根據(jù)“EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.”可知，EVTOL很貴，所以此處問的問題是它在經濟上是否可行。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：波音支持的制造商Wisk的BrianYutko說，在不久的將來，群眾將可以乘坐飛行出租車。A.thelearned學識淵博的人；B.thedisabled殘疾人；C.theseniors老年人；D.themasses群眾。根據(jù)下文“itsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi”可知，它的票價與普通出租車相當，那么將來普通的群眾也可以乘坐這種飛行出租車。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，有一種相反觀點認為evtol可能仍然很昂貴。A.Furthermore另外；B.However然而；C.Fortunately幸運的是；D.Consequently結果。根據(jù)上文“Jobypromisesthatitsfareswillbecomparabletocatchingacommontaxi”和下文“thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive”可知，前后兩句是轉折關系，因此空格處是However。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著，即使沒有飛行員，飛行出租車可能仍然是一種只有少數(shù)幸運兒才能負擔得起的便利。A.affordable負擔得起的；B.valuable有價值的；C.unbelievable難以置信的；D.unsuitable不合適的。根據(jù)上文“Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare”可知，飛行出租車票價仍然很貴，所以只有少數(shù)人才能負擔得起。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everysummer,asachild,Ispentwithmyparentstheannualfamilyholiday,flyingawayfromourhomeintheWestMidlandstotheirbirthplaceinIreland.Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome.Packagetoursandlong-distanceflightsbecamemyideaofaholiday.IthenwentandranintoanEnglishmanwhoalsocameofIrishstock,andwebothfelttheurgetorenewourknowledgeofIreland.Itwasimportantforustodiscoversomethingdifferentfromourchildhoodvisits.Sothat’showwecametodrivealongthewi