4.8.2污水的局部處理-LocalTreatmentofSewag05課件講

4.8.2污水的局部處理LocalTreatmentofSewage一、化糞池Septictank化糞池是一種利用沉淀和厭氧發(fā)酵原理，去除生活污水中懸浮性有機(jī)物的處理設(shè)施，屬于初級(jí)的過(guò)渡性生活污水處理構(gòu)筑物。Theseptictankisatreatmentfacilitythatusestheprinciplesofsedimentationandanaerobicfermentationtoremovesuspendingorganicmatterfromdomesticsewage.Itisaprimarytransitionaldomesticsewagetreatmentstructure.一、化糞池Septictank1.化糞池的特點(diǎn)Featuresofseptictanks優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、便于管理、不消耗動(dòng)力和造價(jià)低；Advantages:

Simplestructuresandlowcost,areconvenientformanaging,anddon'tconsumepower;缺點(diǎn)：有機(jī)物去除率低，僅為20%左右；沉淀和厭氧消化在一個(gè)池內(nèi)進(jìn)行，污水與污泥接觸，使化糞池出水呈酸性，有惡臭。另外，化糞池距建筑物較近，清掏污泥時(shí)臭氣污染空氣，影響環(huán)境衛(wèi)生。Disadvantages:

septictankshavealoworganicmatterremovalrate,standingatonlyabout20%;theirprecipitationandanaerobicdigestionareconductedinatank;sewageandsludgecontact,sotheseptictankeffluentisacidicandthereisabadsmell.Inaddition,septictanksareclosetobuildings.Theodorpollutestheairandaffectstheenvironmentwhenthesludgeiscleaned.2要求化糞池距地下取水構(gòu)筑物不得小于30m，離建筑物凈距離不宜小于5m。Theseptictankshallnotbelessthan30metersawayfromtheundergroundwaterintakestructure,andthecleardistancefrombuildingsshallnotbelessthan5meters.一、化糞池Septictank2.設(shè)置要求Settingrequirements1便于清掏，宜設(shè)于建筑物背大街一側(cè)，靠近衛(wèi)生間，不宜設(shè)在人經(jīng)常停留的場(chǎng)所。Tofacilitatecleaningthesludge,theseptictankshallbelocatedonthebacksideofbuildings,closetotherestroom,andnotinaplacewherepeopleoftenstay.4化糞池應(yīng)設(shè)通氣管，通氣管排出口設(shè)置位置應(yīng)滿足安全、環(huán)保要求。Theseptictankshouldbeequippedwithaventpipe,andtheventoutletlocationshouldmeetthesafetyandenvironmentalprotectionrequirements.3宜設(shè)置在接戶管的下游端，便于機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)清掏的位置。Itshallbesetatthedownstreamendoftheinter-buildingpipe,whichisconvenientformotorvehiclestocleanthesludge.一、化糞池Septictank類(lèi)型：圓形和矩形；雙格或三格。Types:circularandrectangular;doubleortriplecells.2每日通過(guò)的污水量大于10立方米時(shí)，采用三格化糞池。第一格占50%，其他兩格容積占總?cè)莘e的25%。Whenthedailysewagevolumeismorethan10cubicmeters,athree-cellseptictankshallbeused.Thefirstcompartmentaccountsfor50%,andtheothertwocompartmentsaccountfor25%ofthetotalvolumerespectively.1每日通過(guò)的污水量小于或等于10立方米時(shí)，采用雙格化糞池，第一格占75%，第二格占25%。Whenthedailysewagevolumeislessthanorequalto10cubicmeters,atwo-cellseptictankshallbeadopted,withthefirstcellaccountingfor75%andthesecondcellaccountingfor25%.4化糞池格與格、池與連接井之間應(yīng)設(shè)通氣孔洞。Ventholesshallbeprovidedbetweenthecompartmentsoftheseptictankandbetweenthetankandtheconnectingwell.一、化糞池Septictank3長(zhǎng)、寬和高比例：寬度不小于0.75m，長(zhǎng)度不小于1.0m，深度不小于1.3m。圓形化糞池直徑不得小于1.00m。Length,width,andheightratios:widthisnotlessthan0.75m;lengthisnotlessthan1.0m;depthisnotlessthan1.3m.Thecircularseptictankshallhaveadiameterofnotlessthan1m.5進(jìn)水口、出水口應(yīng)設(shè)置連接井與進(jìn)水管、出水管相接；進(jìn)水管口應(yīng)設(shè)導(dǎo)流裝置。Thewaterinletandoutletshallbeprovidedwithconnectingwellstoconnectthewaterinletpipeandoutletpipe.Thewaterinletshallbeequippedwithaflow-guidingdevice.一、化糞池Septictank3.化糞池的有效容積Effectivevolumeoftheseptictank化糞池有效容積應(yīng)為污水部分和污泥部分容積之和，并宜按下列公式計(jì)算：Theeffectivevolumeofaseptictankshallbethesumofthevolumeofsewageandsludge,anditshallbecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula:

式中V——化糞池有效容積，m3。

V—effectivevolumeoftheseptictank,m3.Vw——化糞池污水部分容積，m3。Vw—partialvolumeofthesewageintheseptictank,m3.Vn——化糞池污泥部分容積，

m3。Vn—partialvolumeofthesludgeintheseptictank,m3.一、化糞池Septictank4.化糞池代號(hào)SeptictankcodeX—XXXX地面活荷載Floorliveload不過(guò)汽車(chē)Notratfficrated0可過(guò)汽車(chē)Tratfficrated1地下水Groundwater無(wú)地下水Withoutgroundwater0有地下水Withgroundwater1隔墻過(guò)水孔高度Height

partitionwallwater

hole低孔位Lowhole

positionA高孔位Highhole

positionB有效容積Effectivevolume2m324m346m369m3912m31216m31620m32025m32530m33040m34050m35075m375100m3100池號(hào)Poolnumber標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)Standardcode1號(hào)No.112號(hào)No.223號(hào)No.334號(hào)No.445號(hào)No.556號(hào)No.6678910111213標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)Standardcode標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)Standardcode標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)Standardcode標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代號(hào)Standardcode6號(hào)No.67號(hào)No.78號(hào)No.89號(hào)No.910號(hào)No.1012號(hào)No.1213號(hào)No.132汽車(chē)洗車(chē)臺(tái)、汽車(chē)庫(kù)及其他類(lèi)似場(chǎng)所排放的污水中含有汽油、煤油、柴油等礦物油，在排放前必須經(jīng)過(guò)處理，防止輕質(zhì)油的揮發(fā)性氣體聚集在檢查井管道空間產(chǎn)生爆炸危害人身安全，所以也應(yīng)設(shè)隔油池進(jìn)行處理。Thesewagedischargedfromthecarwashbay,garage,andothersimilarplacescontainsmineraloilsuchasgasoline,keroseneanddieseloil,soitmustbetreatedbeforedischargetopreventthevolatilegasinthelightoilfromaccumulatinginthepipespaceoftheinspectionwell,causinganexplosion,andendangeringpersonalsafety.Therefore,anoilseparationtankshallalsobesetupfortreatment.二、隔油池Greasetank1.設(shè)置要求Settingrequirements1職工食堂和營(yíng)業(yè)餐廳的含油脂污水，應(yīng)經(jīng)除油裝置后方許排入室外污水管道，以免含食用油脂較多的污水油脂凝固堵塞管道。Grease-containingsewagefromstaffcanteensandbusinessrestaurantsshallbedischargedintooutdoorsewagepipesafterpassingthroughtheoilremovaldevicetopreventthesewagethatcontainstoomuchediblegreasefromsolidifyingandblockingthepipes.二、隔油池Greasetank隔油設(shè)施應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用成品隔油裝置，并應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：Greasefacilitiesshouldfirstselectfinishedgreasedevicesandmeetthefollowingregulations:按照排水設(shè)計(jì)秒流量選用隔油裝置的處理水量。

Selectthevolumeofwatertobetreatedbythegreasedevicesaccordingtothedesignedvolumepersecond.含油廢水水溫及環(huán)境溫度不得小于5℃。

Thetemperatureoftheoilywastewaterandtheambienttemperatureshallnotbelessthan5℃.當(dāng)僅設(shè)一套隔油器時(shí)應(yīng)設(shè)置超越管，超越管管徑應(yīng)與進(jìn)水管管徑相同。

Whenonlyonesetofgreasetrapsissetup,theoverflowpipeshouldthesetupanditsdiametershouldbethesameasthediameteroftheinletpipe.隔油器的通氣管應(yīng)單獨(dú)接至室外。

Theventpipeofthegreasetrapshouldbearrangedseparatelytooutdoors.隔油器設(shè)置在設(shè)備間時(shí)，設(shè)備間應(yīng)有通風(fēng)排氣裝置，且換氣次數(shù)不宜小于8次/h。

Whenthegreasepissetupintheequipmentroom,theequipmentroomshouldbeventilatedandexhausted,andthenumberofairexchangesshouldnotbelessthan8times/h.隔油設(shè)備間應(yīng)設(shè)沖洗水嘴和地面排水設(shè)施。

Greasetrapequipmentroomsshouldbeequippedwithflushnozzlesandfloordrains.2.設(shè)計(jì)