2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪選練習(xí)題Unit4Pygmalion（含解析）新人教版選修8

選修8Unit4Pygmalion李仕才一、閱讀理解AAccordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures，”mentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly,Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Inparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲蟲(chóng))runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybeingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(獵物)position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死。文章列舉了家蠅、狗和虎甲蟲(chóng)等動(dòng)物，證明了動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力的重要性。1.Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?A．Paceoflifeofanimals.B．Timeperceptionofanimals.C．Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D．Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.答案與解析：B'考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”為本文的主題句；結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：動(dòng)物感知時(shí)間的能力和它們的生活節(jié)奏有關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.WhatdoesKevinHealy'smentmeaninPara.2?A．Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.B．Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C．Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D．Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.答案與解析：B'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段KevinHealy所說(shuō)的話“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，KevinHealy認(rèn)為，對(duì)于快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)感知時(shí)間的能力決定著它們的生死；據(jù)此可知，該句是說(shuō)快速移動(dòng)的動(dòng)物的生存依賴于它們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知能力，故B項(xiàng)正確。3．Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A．Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B．Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C．Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D．Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蠅能比我們?cè)诟痰臅r(shí)間內(nèi)感知到物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是它們得以避免被拍死的原因，故C項(xiàng)正確。4．Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A．Trytorunasfastasitcan.B．Preventitselffrombeingblind.C．Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.D．Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段“Inparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲蟲(chóng))runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybeingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(獵物)position.”可知，虎甲蟲(chóng)雖然奔跑的速度快，但是視力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶爾停下來(lái)重新確定獵物的位置，故D項(xiàng)正確。BTravelworthyDestinationsinBestFilmsARRIVALBozeman,Theyear’sbestthriller,ArrivalfollowsaprofessortoamilitarycampinMontana,wheresheworkstotranslatethelanguageingfromalienvisitors.Thefilm,setinthewidelandscapeofMontana,connectsthevastnessoftheuniversewiththenaturalbeautyofBozeman.TraveltoBozeman,andyou’reboundtofeelitsquietness.Inthistown,thewildlifeoftheBridgerMountainslivesalongsidetheconstantinflowofMontanaStateFENCESPittsburgh,FencestellsofanAfricanAmericanfathersupportinghisfamilyduringtheCivilRightsmovementofthe1950s.ThefilmwasshotinPittsburgh,knownforitsbluecollarhistory.Todayithasgrownintoacenterofprogressandculture.Itishometotheworld’sfirstgreenconventioncenter.Ontopofitsenvironmentaldevelopment,thecityhasworkedtokeepitsdiverseculturalheritage.VisitorscandiscoverPittsburgh’shistoryattheHeinzMOONLIGHTMiamiAmasterpieceofselfdiscovery,MoonlightfollowsanAfricanAmericanboyinMiamiwhoistryingtofindhisplaceintheworld.Muchofthefilmissetinalowineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown,butvisitorstoMiamiwilllikelyseeadifferentsideofthelivelycity.Modernartmuseumsandrestaurantsfilltheinnercorridors,whileMiamiBeachisfilledwithmusicandoceanlovers.There’ssomethingforeveryoneinMiami,soenjoytheparty.4.WhatmakesBozemanatravelworthydestination?A.ThestoryofthemovieArrival. B.Thepeacefullandscapeithas.C.Mantana1.PittsburghisknownforaccordingtoParagraph2.A.itsdiverseculture B.AfricanAmericanfamiliesC.theCivilRightsmovement D.beautifulscenery2.InthemovieMoonlight,audienceswillseeasideofMiami.A.modern B.poorC.hitech D.luxury3.Theauthorwrotethepassagewiththeintentionof.A.writingafilmreviewB.introducingsomefamousfilmsC.describinghowthemovieswereshotD.remendingtravellingdestinations【文章大意】本文主要向讀者介紹了幾個(gè)最佳影片拍攝的旅游目的地。1.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分Withallitsbreathtakinglandscape,Bozemanistheperfectplacetodosomesoulsearching.可知在它令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景中，Bozeman是一個(gè)完美的自我反省的地方。故選B。3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分Muchofthefilmissetinalowineneighborhoodnorthofdowntown,butvisitorstoMiamiwilllikelyseeadifferentsideofthelivelycity.可知這部電影的大部分都是在市中心北部的一個(gè)低收入社區(qū)拍攝的，因此在電影中可以看到邁阿密貧窮的一面，故選B。7.D【解析】主旨大意題。這篇文章作者主要是向讀者介紹了幾個(gè)最佳影片的拍攝旅游目的地。故選D。二、七選五(2018·成都市高中畢業(yè)班摸底測(cè)試)Travelingalonegivesyouthefreedomtocreateyourownscheduleanddoasyouplease.__1__Forexample,atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst-handexperiencewithunfamiliarlocationsandcultures.Hereareseveraltipstofindatravelpartnerwhowillimproveyourjourney.__2__Travelingshouldbefun.Whenyouareonatrip,youwillwanttodolotsofactivitiesthatyouenjoy.Preferably,yourpanionwillwanttodothesamethingsasyou.Discussfinancialplans.Beforeyoutravel,youshouldplanabudget.__3__Youdon'twanttobeplanninganexpensivegetawayatthesametimeyourfriendislookingforbudgettravel.Haveanhonestconversation.Ifyouarethinkingabouttravelingwithapanion,takesometimetohaveanopendiscussion.Scheduleatimetositdownandtalk.Trysaying，“Iknowwe'vetalkedabouttheideaoftravelingthroughEuropetogether.Let'shaveacoffeethisweekandactuallytalkthatthrough.”__4__Youshouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.Findsomeonewhoisflexible.Chooseatravelpartnerwhocanadjust.__5__MaybeitwillrainonthedayyouplannedtovisittheGrandCanyon.OryoumightnotbeabletogetreservationsatthatFrenchrestaurantyou'vebeendyingtotry.A．Lookforsomeonewithmoninterests.B．Youshoulddiscussyourgoalsforthetrip.C．Travelwithafriendwhoisprettyeasygoing.D．Buttravelingwithapartnerhasitsbenefits，too.E．Makesurethatyouareonthesamepageconcerningmoney.F．Trytomeetyournewtravelpartnerinpersonbeforeyourtrip.G．Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourtrip,itislikelythatsomethingwillgowrong.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何找到一個(gè)很好的旅伴。1．答案與解析：D'根據(jù)空后句子“Forexample,atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst-handexperience”可知，空處談?wù)摰氖呛吐冒橐黄鹇眯杏嘘P(guān)的，而空前講述的是獨(dú)自旅行，上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：A'根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，此處為段落主題句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的興趣，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：E'根據(jù)本段中的關(guān)鍵詞“financialplans”、“planabudget”和“budgettravel”可知，選項(xiàng)E中的“onthesamepageconcerningmoney”與此內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，所以選E。4．答案與解析：B'根據(jù)本段主題句“進(jìn)行誠(chéng)實(shí)的談話”可知，此段的核心話題是“談話”；又根據(jù)空后的“Youshouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.”可知，你還需要和你的旅伴討論你們的旅行方式。選項(xiàng)B中的關(guān)鍵詞“discussyourgoals”與此呼應(yīng)，所以選B。5．答案與解析：G'本段主題句是“找到一個(gè)頭腦靈活的旅伴”。根據(jù)空后的例子可知，在旅行中會(huì)突然出現(xiàn)意想不到的事情。G選項(xiàng)中的“carefullyyouplanyourtrip”和“gowrong”與此照應(yīng)，所以選G。四、短文改錯(cuò)(2018·師大附中模擬)Jinanisfacingseriouslytrafficproblems.Toomuchcarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandtheplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheworseone.Oneofthereasonwhythereissomuchtrafficisbecauseonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemswastoencouragepeopletomakeusepublictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethemmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.答案：Jinanisfacingeq\o(seriously,\s\do12(serious))trafficproblems.Tooeq\o(much,\s\do12(many))carstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheeq\o(worse,\s\do12(worst))one.Oneoftheeq\o(reason,\s\do12(reasons))whythereissomuchtrafficiseq\o(because,\s\do12(that))onlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemseq\o(was,\s\do12(is))toencouragepeopletomakeuseeq\o(∧,\s\do12(of))publictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofeq\o(drive,\s\do12(driving))cars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtake