2025版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件 專題7 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

試題精練考點(diǎn)精講專題七介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

第2部分語(yǔ)法突破一、詞法考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)

時(shí)間介詞1.

on/in/at介詞用法舉例on①用于星期前。②用于具體的日期、節(jié)日前。③用于某一天的上午、下午或晚上前。巧學(xué)妙記

有day必有on①onSunday②onOctober1st,ontheeveofNewYear③onafinemorning,onthenightofJune1特例

atChristmas介詞用法舉例in①用于世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份或季節(jié)前。②用于泛指的上午、下午或晚上前。③“in＋一段時(shí)間”表示“在……之后”，常用在一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過去將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，可用來(lái)回答howsoon引出的問句。①inthe21stcentury,inthe1980s,in2049,inJune,insummer②inthemorning/afternoon/evening③inthreedays,inaweek介詞用法舉例at常用于具體的時(shí)刻、正午、午夜前或用于某些詞組中。atfiveo’clock,atnoon,atnight,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageofeight注意

在含this,that,next,last等表示時(shí)間的詞組及某些表示時(shí)間的詞(tomorrow,yesterday等)前通常不用介詞。2.during/for/since/from介詞用法舉例during(2019.66)“during＋時(shí)間段/表示事件延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的名詞(stay,travel,visit等)”，意為“在……期間內(nèi)”。Duringtheweek,I’llwearsmartclothes.在工作日期間，我將會(huì)穿智能服裝。(RJ八上U7)for(2021.48)“for＋時(shí)間段”，表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Hehasworkedinthiscompanyforthreeyears.他在這個(gè)公司已經(jīng)工作三年了。介詞用法舉例since“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”及“since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago”，意為“自從……以來(lái)”，表示從過去某一時(shí)刻起一直延續(xù)至今，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Childrenhavelearnedtoreadandcountatmyoldprimaryschoolsincethemid-20thcentury.從20世紀(jì)中期開始，孩子們就在我以前就讀的小學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)閱讀和算術(shù)了。(RJ八下U10)from表示“從”，表示時(shí)間的開始。from…to…從……到……IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我周一到周五上學(xué)。注意

from…(to…)還可表示“(地點(diǎn)、狀態(tài)、范圍等)從……(到……)”。如：HowfarisitfromShanghaitoZhengzhou?從上海到鄭州有多遠(yuǎn)？(2021.60,2023.67)3.其他常見的時(shí)間介詞介詞用法舉例before表示“在……之前”，后可接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Ihavetogotobedbefore10:00pm.我必須在晚上10點(diǎn)前上床睡覺。after表示“在……之后”，其后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段。①I’llstudyafterdinner.我將在晚餐后學(xué)習(xí)。②Hecamebackafterafewdays.幾天后他回來(lái)了。介詞用法舉例until/till表示“到……為止”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。否定形式為not…until…，表示“直到……才……”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用短暫性動(dòng)詞。①Hewillstayheretill/untilnextSunday.他將在這兒待到下周日。②InEngland,teadidn’tappearuntilaround1660．在英國(guó)，茶直到1660年左右才出現(xiàn)。(RJ九全U6)介詞用法舉例by表示“不遲于……；在……之前”，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。若其后跟將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；若其后跟過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。①Bytheendofthisterm,I’lllearn2,000words.到這個(gè)學(xué)期期末，我將學(xué)會(huì)2000個(gè)單詞。②BytheendoflastMarch,wehadplantedfiftytreesintheschool.到去年三月底為止，我們已經(jīng)在校園里種了50棵樹。through(2017.27)表示“自始至終；從頭到尾”。Shekeptquietallthroughbreakfast.吃早飯的時(shí)候，她從頭到尾一言不發(fā)。1．(2024河北改編)Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart______tenminutes.2．Everyonewastiredoutbecausetheyworkedwithoutabreak_____abouteightintheevening.during

since

in

from

before

on

till

afterin

till

3．Imustpracticetheguitar__________dinnerandthenIhavetodothedishes_________dinner.(RJ七下U4)4．Ihavestayedatmygrandparents’home________lastMonday.__________thesedays,Icookforthemeveryday.5．The2024DragonBoatFestivalfalls______June10．Chinesepeoplecanenjoythreedaysoff________June8to10．before

after

since

During

on

from

考點(diǎn)

方位介詞1.on/to/in介詞及其用法拓展表示地理位置關(guān)系：to還可表示“到；往(地點(diǎn)或方向)”。如：Hewasonthewaytothestation.他在去車站的路上。in還可表示“在某地”，后接大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家、城市等)。如：IhavelivedinHenanformanyyears.我已經(jīng)在河南生活了很多年。注意

at表示“在某地”，后接小地點(diǎn)(車站、電影院、家等)。如：Iarrivedatthecinemaat8o’clock.我八點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)電影院。2.between/among介詞用法舉例between(2015.68)“在……之間”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間，常用于between…and…結(jié)構(gòu)中。LilyissittingbetweenLucyandJack.莉莉坐在露西和杰克中間。among“在……之間”，一般用于三者或三者以上之間。TheywalkedamongthecrowdsinRedSquare.他們走在紅場(chǎng)上的人群之中。3.on/over/under/above/below介詞及其用法拓展above還可表示“(數(shù)量、年齡、溫度等)超過；大于”。如：Wecannotacceptchildrenabovetheageof10．我們不能接受10歲以上的兒童。介詞及其用法拓展

under還可表示“少于；小于”。如：Ittookusunderanhour.這事花了我們不足一個(gè)小時(shí)。below還可表示“氣溫低于……”。如：Thetemperatureremainedbelow10℃allday.氣溫一整天都保持在10度以下。4.across/over/through介詞及其用法拓展across與cross均表示“橫過；穿過”，across是介詞，cross是動(dòng)詞，goacross相當(dāng)于cross。over還可表示“(數(shù)量、時(shí)間等)多于”。

如：oversixty六十多5.by/beside/near介詞用法舉例by表示“在……旁邊”，比near更近。Myhouseisbytheriver.我的房子在河邊。beside表示“在……旁邊”，有緊靠的意味，相當(dāng)于nextto/closeto。Comeandsitbesideme.過來(lái)坐在我旁邊。near表示“在……附近”，可以表示空間、時(shí)間關(guān)系等。Thereisatheatrenearhishome.他家附近有一家劇院。6.inthefrontof/infrontof介詞短語(yǔ)用法舉例inthefrontof“在……(內(nèi)部的)前面”JackissittinginthefrontofhiscarwhenhesuddenlyseeshisfriendTomstandinginfrontof/beforethecar.杰克正坐在小汽車的前排，這時(shí)他突然看到他的朋友湯姆就站在小汽車前。infrontof＝before(2020.69)“在……(外部的)前面”7.其他常見的方位介詞介詞及其意義behind“在……后面”(2016.26)around(2016.74,2015.36)“在……周圍；環(huán)繞著”opposite“在……的對(duì)面”，相當(dāng)于acrossfrom圖解助記(

)6．Beijingis______thenorthofChinaandJapanis______theeastofChina.A．in;to B．on;inC．in;on D．to;on(

)7．Westaredindisbeliefattheblacksmokerising______theburningbuilding.A．below B．onC．under D．a(chǎn)boveA

D

(

)8．—It’sraininghard.Let’sstand______thatbigtree.—Youhadbetternot.It’sverydangeroustodosoinsuchweather.A．below B．overC．under D．a(chǎn)bove(

)9．(2024涼山州改編)—Didyouhavefunwatchingthevolleyballgame?—No.Atallmanstood______me.Icouldn’tseetheplayersatall.A．nextto B．a(chǎn)crossfromC．infrontof D．inthefrontofC

C

10．Thelibraryis________thebusstation,andyoucangothereonfoot.11．Whatagooddayitis!Thesunlightisgoing___________thewindowintoourclassroom.across

through

between

over

near

in

amongnear

through

12．Lastnight,athiefwalked__________thestreet,jumped________atallwallandranaway.13．(2024揚(yáng)州改編)TheMarcoPoloMemorialHallstandsattheeastendofDongguanStreet______Yangzhou.14．Thesmallvillagelies_________themountainsandthereisabigriver___________thevillageandtheoutsideworld.across

over

in

among

between

考點(diǎn)

方式介詞介詞用法舉例by表示“靠……手段”，后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。byworkingwithagroup表示“乘坐”，與表示交通工具的名詞連用。bycar,bytrainwith表示“用；借助于”，后常接具體的工具或手段，即“with＋冠詞/代詞＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。writewithapen,withhisbothhands介詞用法舉例through表示“憑借；以……”，指媒介，方法。后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。throughlaboureducation通過勞動(dòng)教育in表示用某種語(yǔ)言、方式等。inEnglish,insuchawayon表示“通過/用……(方式)”，后跟通訊設(shè)備或電子產(chǎn)品等。onthephone/radio/Internet15．Jackistalkingwithhisbestfriend______thephone.16．Hestoodonthechairandstuckthepictureonthewall________glue.by

with

in

on

throughon

with

17．(2024自貢改編)Wecangotoschool______biketomakeourcitygreener.18．We’resurethattheenvironmentwillbegreatlyimproved___________ourworkinthenearfuture.19．MissSmithaskedeachofustokeepadairy______Englisheverydaytoimproveourwritingskills.by

through

in

考點(diǎn)

其他常見介詞1.for2.against3.like4.as5.with6.without意為“沒有；不(做某事)”。如：Wenevervisitafriend’shousewithoutcallingfirst.我們從不未事先通電話就登門拜訪朋友。(RJ九全U10)7.about意為“關(guān)于；有關(guān)”。

如：Thefilmisaboutfriendship.這部電影是關(guān)于友誼的。8.including(2017.43)意為“包含……之內(nèi)”。如：Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,includingairpollution，soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.我們周圍有很多種污染，包括空氣污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光污染。(課標(biāo)九上U2)9.except/besides/but(講解詳見本書第1部分教材梳理P60)20．______aping-pongfan,PeterislookingforwardtowatchingthecomingWTT.21．(2024眉山改編)Everyoneishere__________Alan,becauseheisstillillinhospital.As

except

like

as

for

againstexcept

22．Theworkerputaladder(梯子)___________thewalltohelphimhangthepictureonit.23．(2024臨夏州改編)Thehealthwebsiteprovidesalotofusefuladvice_______teenagers.24．It’simportantforparentstoputdangerousthings________knivesbeyondthereachofchildren.against

for

like

考點(diǎn)

介詞短語(yǔ)1.介詞與名詞的搭配介詞搭配ininaword總而言之indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中intime及時(shí)infact事實(shí)上introuble處于麻煩/困難之中intheend最后inahurry匆忙地insurprise驚奇地insilence沉默地inneed需要inpublic公開地intotal總共；合計(jì)inone’sfreetime在某人的空閑時(shí)間中inperson親自介詞搭配onontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)；按時(shí)onfoot步行onone’swayto在去……的路上onholiday/vacation在度假

onbusiness在出差onsale正在出售onpurpose故意地atatthesametime同時(shí)atfirst起初atlast最終atthattime那時(shí)候atalowprice以低價(jià)

atpresent現(xiàn)在atthetopof在……頂部介詞搭配bybytheway順便說一下byhand用手做byaccident偶然bymistake錯(cuò)誤地；無(wú)意中bytheendof在(某時(shí)間點(diǎn))以前其他withthehelpof在……的幫助下asaresult結(jié)果forexample例如2.介詞與形容詞的搭配介詞搭配atbegoodat擅長(zhǎng)besurprisedat對(duì)……感到驚訝bemadat生……的氣tobesimilarto與……相似beharmfulto對(duì)……有害bekind/friendlyto對(duì)……友好bethankfulto對(duì)某人心存感激withbepopularwith受……歡迎bebusywithsth.忙于某事bepleased/satisfiedwith對(duì)……感到滿意

beangrywith生……的氣befilledwith充滿bestrictwith對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格介詞搭配forbegood/badfor對(duì)……有益/害besorryfor對(duì)……感到遺憾bereadyforsth.為……做好準(zhǔn)備

befamousfor以……聞名belatefor遲到beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)bethirstyfor渴求……ofbefullof充滿beproudof為……感到驕傲(2024.68)

beboredof對(duì)……感到厭倦beafraidof害怕……其他behardon對(duì)……苛刻beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣(2021.68)

bedifferentfrom與……不同

beworriedabout對(duì)……擔(dān)憂3.介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配介詞搭配atlookat看laughat嘲笑callsb.at＋電話號(hào)碼(撥打某個(gè)電話號(hào)碼)給某人打電話ofhearof聽說dieof死于(疾病等)

thinkof想到dreamof夢(mèng)想remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事介詞搭配fromcomefrom來(lái)自hearfrom收到……的來(lái)信learn…from從……學(xué)到……

stop/prevent…from(doing)sth.防止……受……之害；阻止……做某事keepawayfrom避免接近；遠(yuǎn)離separatefrom分離giveaway捐贈(zèng)aboutthinkabout考慮talkabout談?wù)搘orryabout擔(dān)憂careabout關(guān)心；在意knowabout了解(2024.61)tolistento聽lookforwardto期待belongto屬于payattentionto注意compare…to…把……比作……介詞搭配withagree/disagreewith同意/不同意dealwith處理compare…with…將……與……比較/對(duì)比geton/alongwith和睦相處；關(guān)系良好providesb.with.sth.提供某人某物comeupwith提出forlookfor尋找payfor付款；付出代價(jià)waitfor等待leavefor前往preparefor為……做準(zhǔn)備carefor照顧ask…forhelp向……尋求幫助givethanksfor…感謝……

searchfor尋找介詞搭配intakepartin/joinin參加handin上交playarolein在……上發(fā)揮作用haveinterestin對(duì)……感興趣

believeinsb.信任某人takepridein以……為驕傲upputup張貼；搭建(帳篷)

takeup(尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做；開始做makeup編造(故事；謊言等)

setup創(chuàng)立pickup撿起；接電話turnup調(diào)大(聲音)

giveup放棄lookup查閱介詞搭配on;downgeton上車dependon依靠turnon打開puton增加(體重)

writedown寫下；記錄下turndown調(diào)小(聲音等)；拒絕takedown取下來(lái)其他turn…into…把……變成……(2022.60)

bedividedinto被分成……

looklike看起來(lái)像lookafter照顧(2022.42)

turnoff關(guān)掉(電視等)

takeoff脫掉(衣服等)

giveout分發(fā)workout計(jì)算出throwaway扔掉lookthrough瀏覽beconsideredas被認(rèn)為是4.

其他常見介詞搭配thanksto幸虧；由于 becauseof因?yàn)?；由?2019.72)

fromthenon從那以后 accordingto根據(jù)

afterall畢竟 insteadof代替atfirst首先 atlast最后

atleast至少 atmost至多

asaresult結(jié)果；因此 aswell也nextto緊挨著 firstofall首先

allinall總的來(lái)說 togetherwith連同；包括……在內(nèi)

alongwith與……一起；與……同樣地onone’sown/byoneself獨(dú)自一、單項(xiàng)選擇(

)25．(2024白銀)Mygrandpadecidedto______smokingforhishealth.A．giveaway B．giveoutC．giveback D．giveupD

(

)26．(2024云南改編)Thestudentsworkedingroupsto______thedifficultprobleminthemathclass.A．workout B．turndownC．lookfor D．worryabout(

)27．(2024鎮(zhèn)江改編)—Mum,couldyouplease______theposterinmybedroom?Ireallylikeit!—Sure,baby.A．lookup B．takeupC．putup D．makeupA

C

二、盲填。每空限填一詞。28．You’dbetternotalwaysdepend______yourparents,oryouwillnevergrowup.29．TheylovecomingtoBeijingtolearnaboutChinesecultureandimprovetheirChinese______thesametime.30．(2024龍東地區(qū)改編)Hainanisfamous_______itsbeautifulbeaches.Manytouristsvisititeveryyear.on

at

for

試題精練一、單項(xiàng)選擇(

)1．Lookatthepicture.Thecartooncharacteris______thebox.A．before B．onC．behind D．underC

(

)2．MaryhasjustgonetoNewYork.She’llnotbeback______nextMonday.A．for B．untilC．from D．since(

)3．(2024涼山州改編)—Maria.YouhavemadesuchagreatprogressinEnglish.—Thanks,MsChen.Ican’tmakeit______yourhelp.A．with B．withoutC．for D．includingB

B

(

)4．—Canyouhangout______us?—Sorry.Ihavetoprepareforthetest______thebeginningofSeptember.A．with;at B．for;fromC．besides;in D．without;onA

(

)5．(2024濱州改編)—ImissBillverymuchaswehaven’tseeneachother______twoyears.—Me,too.WheneverIseethephoto,itremindsme______thehappydayswespenttogether.A．since;about B．during;onC．for;of D．in;toC

二、盲填。每空限填一詞。1．Jeff,don’tturn_______thelight.I’mreadingnewspapers.2．Jimhaslearnedalot________thesocialworksincehejoinedtheprojectsatschool.3．(2024吉林改編)Maryplayslightmusic______herfreetimetoenjoythebeautyofmusic.off

from

in

4．Don’tbeworried_________me,Mum.Icancooksomesimplemealsandlook_________myself.5．Ifoundastrangestone______accidentwhenclimbingthemountainyesterday.Itlooks________aleaf.about

after

by

like

語(yǔ)篇填空第一節(jié)閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。

Feelingjoyisgood,notjustbecauseyou’rehappyinthemoment.Itcanbesavedand1．________again.by

for

use

easy

into

express

with

moment

around

sadused

Whenyoufeeljoyful,you’reinapositivemood,whichhelpsyoudeal2．________challengesandsolveproblems.Experiencingjoyisalsogood3．_______yourhealth.Itprotectsyoufromillnessandreducespain,worryandstress.Joyspreadsquickly,benefitingnotonlyyourselfbutalsothose4．__________you.It’sagoodchoicetorecordsomethingjoyful5．______makingajoyjournal.Itcanhelpyourememberhappytimeswhenyouarefeeling6．_______,lonely,andworried.Turningthepagescanhelpthefeelingofjoyfloodback,makingyoufeelbetter.with

for

around

by

sad

Howdoyoukeepajoyjournal?Chooseanotebookanddecoratethecov