2025版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件 專題5 代詞

試題精練考點(diǎn)精講專題五代詞第2部分語法突破一、詞法考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)

人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞類別人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemy(2023.57)minemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)you(2020.55)youyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves類別人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性反身代詞第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhis(2024.59)hishimselfsheherherhersherselfit(2022.68)itits(2021.58)itsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythem(2020.61)their(2022.58)theirsthemselves1.人稱代詞類別用法舉例主格作主語，用在謂語動(dòng)詞前。ShelikesBeijingoperaverymuch.她非常喜歡京劇。賓格作賓語，用在謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞后。That’llmakehimhappy.那會(huì)令他高興。(RJ九全U11)Soccerisnoteasyforme.足球?qū)ξ襾碚f并不容易。作表語，用在系動(dòng)詞后。Oh,it’syou.哦，是你啊。注意

多個(gè)人稱代詞并列時(shí)的排序：單數(shù)為you,he/she/itandI;復(fù)數(shù)為we,youandthey；與人名同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，人名在前、代詞在后，如：TomandI。2.物主代詞類別用法舉例形容詞性物主代詞(1)相當(dāng)于形容詞，用于名詞前作定語，不能單獨(dú)使用。(2)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，可與own連用，表示“某人自己的”。①M(fèi)ybestfriendLarryisquitedifferentfromme.我最好的朋友拉里和我大不相同。(RJ八上U3)②Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.青少年應(yīng)該被允許挑選他們自己的衣服。(RJ九全U7)類別用法舉例名詞性物主代詞(1)相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，在句中起名詞的作用，其后不能接名詞，可作主語、賓語和表語。(2)“of＋名詞性物主代詞”表示雙重所有格。①Thefutureisyours.(yours＝y(tǒng)ourfuture)未來是你們的。

(RJ九全U14)②Sheisaveryclosefriendofmine.她是我一位非常親密的朋友。3.反身代詞主要用法舉例作賓語Icantakecareofmyself.我能照顧好我自己。作表語Heneedsspacetobehimself.他需要自己的獨(dú)立的空間。固定搭配helponeself(to)隨意吃/喝enjoyoneself玩得愉快teachoneself＝learnbyoneself自學(xué)

makeoneselfathome別拘束keepsth.tooneself保守秘密 byoneself獨(dú)自loseoneself迷路；專心于 dressoneself打扮自己注意反身代詞必須要與被指代的人或物在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，意為“某人或某物自己”。如：Theykeptallthesilkandgoldforthemselves.他們把所有的絲綢和黃金都留給了自己。(RJ八下U6)Agoodteacherissomeonewhoishelpfulandkind,likemyhistoryteacher,MrMiller.1._______knowledgeofthesubjectisexcellent.Becauseof2._______,Ilovehistoryandevenreadhistorybooksby3.__________afterthelessons.Afriendof4.________calledMarkalsolovesthissubject.Andsometimes5.______lendeachotherbooksabouthistory.IlikereadingbothWesternandChinesehistorybooksbecause6.________areinteresting,butIthinkChinesehistoryismyfavoritesubject.we

him

they

myself

mine

hisHis

him

myself

mine

we

they

考點(diǎn)

指示代詞、疑問代詞和it的用法1.指示代詞單復(fù)數(shù)近指遠(yuǎn)指特殊用法單數(shù)thisthat(1)打電話時(shí)，常用this指代自己，that指代對方。如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat,please?我是瑪麗。請問你是誰？(2)為了避免重復(fù)，常用that和those指代上文提到過的人或物，且常用于比較級。that指代不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：①TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchbetterthanthatinBeijingtoday.今天廣州的天氣比北京(的天氣)好得多。(that＝theweather)②Ilikethesebooksbetterthanthose.我喜歡這些書勝過那些(書)。復(fù)數(shù)thesethose2.

疑問代詞疑問代詞意義用法舉例who誰對“人”提問，可作主語、賓語和表語。Whoisyourfirstteacher?你的第一位老師是誰？whom誰who的賓格，對“人”提問，只能作賓語。Whomareyougoingwith?你(們)要跟誰一起去？whose誰的who的所有格，一般作定語。Whoseglovesarethey?這是誰的手套？疑問代詞意義用法舉例which哪一個(gè)；哪些對“人”或“物”提問，可作主語、定語和賓語。Whichisyourfavoriteplayer?哪一個(gè)是你最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員？what什么對“物”“職業(yè)”“外貌”“品行”等提問。What’syourfavoritesubject?你最喜歡的學(xué)科是什么？

(RJ七上U4)3.it的用法基本用法(1)指代上文中提到過的事物。如：Readingisfun.Ilikeit.閱讀是有趣的。我喜歡閱讀。(2)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。如：Itisrainytoday.今天有雨。(3)指代嬰兒或身份不明確的某個(gè)人。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.有人在敲門。去看看是誰。特殊用法(1)作形式主語，常用于以下句型：It’s＋

adj.(＋forsb.)

＋todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是……的。Ittakes(sb.)

＋sometime＋todosth.做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時(shí)間。It’sone’sjob(duty…)todosth.做某事是某人的工作(職責(zé)等)。It’snousedoingsth.做某事沒有用。(2)作形式賓語，常用于“sb.find/think/make/feel＋it＋

adj.＋todosth.”句型中。如：Hethinksitinterestingtolearnasecondlanguage.他認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)第二語言很有趣。特殊用法(3)其他常見句型：It’stimetodo/for/that…

是(做)……的時(shí)候了。It’ssaid/believedthat…

據(jù)說/人們認(rèn)為……易混辨析it與one的區(qū)別it指代上文提到過的同一事物，而one指代上文提到過的同類事物或人中的任何一個(gè)。如：Jackboughtanewdictionarylastweekanditishelpful.Iwanttobuyone,too.杰克上周買了一本新詞典，它很有用。我也想買一本(詞典)。7．—_________bookisthis?—ItmustbeAlice’s.Sheuseditjustnow.8．Thedishescookedbymymotheraremoredeliciousthan_________cookedbymyfather.9．(2024廣西改編)—Henry,_______isyourjob?—I’mapoliceman.it

those

who

whose

whatWhose

those

what

10．(2024無錫改編)_______isthegirlwearingascarf?Issheyoursister?11．(2024遂寧改編)—Doyouthink______usefultoreadEnglishmagazinesforEnglishlearning?—Yes,Ithinkitworksverywell.Who

it

考點(diǎn)

不定代詞1.普通不定代詞(1)either/neither/both/all/none辨析代詞意義主謂一致常用搭配表示“兩者”either兩者中的任何一個(gè)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。either…or…或者……或者……neither兩者都不作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。neither…nor…

既不……也不……both兩者都作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。both…and………和……都辨析代詞意義主謂一致常用搭配表示“三者或三者以上”all三者或三者以上都作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。/none三者或三者以上中沒有一個(gè)指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。/①__________ofthetwobooksareabouttea-makingculture.Youarefreetotake__________ofthem.這兩本書都講制茶文化。你可以隨意拿走任意一本。②__________ofthetwinbrothersisgoodatfootball.這對雙胞胎兄弟都不擅長足球。③________thevolunteerswereverytired,but________ofthemhadarest.所有志愿者都很累，但是沒有一個(gè)人休息。Both

either

Neither

All

none

(2)every/each“every/each＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。但二者又有區(qū)別：①__________oneinourclassshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.我們班上的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該保持教室干凈、整潔。②__________ofthestudentsinourgroupisthirstyforsuccessinthespeechcompetition.我們小組的每一個(gè)學(xué)生都渴望在演講比賽中取得成功。Every

Each

(3)noone/nonenoone相當(dāng)于nobody，只能指人，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，常用來回答疑問詞who的提問，不可與of連用；none既能指人又能指物，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可，常用來回答疑問詞組howmany/much的提問，可與of連用。①Althoughyou’veallworkedveryhardoverthelastthreeyears,__________ofyoudiditalone.雖然在過去的三年中你們學(xué)習(xí)都很努力，但你們沒有一個(gè)人是孤軍奮戰(zhàn)的。(RJ九全U14)②—Whotaughtyoutocook,Molly?誰教了你做飯，莫莉？—__________________.Ilearneditbyreadingbooksoncooking.沒有人。我是通過看烹飪書學(xué)會(huì)的。noneNobody/Noone

(4)some/any二者均意為“一些”，作代詞時(shí)均可單獨(dú)使用，也均可作形容詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。some多用在肯定句中，也可用在期望得到肯定回答的疑問句中；any多用在否定句和疑問句中。Thereisn’t_________milkinthefridgenow.Whynotbuy_________online?冰箱里沒有牛奶了。為什么不在網(wǎng)上買一些呢？any

some

(5)another/other/others/theother/theothers代詞意義用法another三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)

可作形容詞或代詞other另外；其他常與名詞連用；eachother彼此Others(2020.65)其余的some…others…一些……另一些……theother兩者中的另一個(gè)one…theother…一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……theothers其余的人或物等同于“theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”①Beinghonestisaveryimportantruleforyoutogetalongwith__________.誠實(shí)是你與他人相處的一條非常重要的原則。②Ithinkweshouldtrytofind__________waystosolvetheproblem.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該盡力找其他方法來解決這個(gè)問題。(RJ八下U6)③Theplanewasputoffyesterday.Allthepassengershadtowaitfor__________hour.昨天飛機(jī)延誤了。所有乘客都不得不再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。others

other

another

(6)few/afew/little/alittle辨析修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞意義表肯定afewalittle一些；一點(diǎn)兒表否定fewlittle很少；幾乎沒有①Thereare________applesbut_______bananasinthecupboard.櫥柜里有少許蘋果，但幾乎沒有香蕉了。②Thereis_______waterinmybottle.Wouldyougiveme_______？

我的瓶子里幾乎沒有水了。你能給我一點(diǎn)兒嗎？afew

few

little

alittle

(7)many/much二者均意為“很多”，可在句中作主語、賓語和定語。但many只代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，而much只代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Thereare__________placesofinterestinBeijing,butIdon’thave__________timetovisitthemall.北京有很多名勝古跡，但我沒有太多時(shí)間去參觀所有景點(diǎn)。many

much

2.復(fù)合不定代詞(1)初中常見的復(fù)合不定代詞類別some-any-no-every-人somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(沒有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)noone(沒有人)everyone(每人)物something(某事/物)anything(任何事/物)nothing(沒有什么)everything(每件事/物)(2)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法①復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Nothing_______awasteifyouhaveacreativemind.如果你有一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的頭腦，萬物均能盡其用。(RJ九全U13)②當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)放在復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如：Learningisalifelongjourneybecauseeverydaybrings____________________.學(xué)習(xí)是一場終身旅程，因?yàn)槊刻於紩?huì)有一些新的東西。(RJ九全U1)is

something

new

(

)12．Thelittlegirlpaintedonesideofthepapergreenand______sideblack.A．other B．theotherC．others D．theothers(

)13．MyBritishfriend,Mary,hasbeeninZhengzhouforthreeyears,soshecanspeak______Chinese.A．little B．a(chǎn)littleC．few D．a(chǎn)fewB

B

(

)14．(2024綏化改編)Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarkand______couldbeseenclearly.A．everything B．somethingC．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing(

)15．(2024臨夏州)Thetownisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulwithmanyflowerson______sidesofthestreets.A．a(chǎn)ll B．eitherC．neither D．bothD

D

(

)16．(2024雅安改編)—Isthere______intheclassroomnow?—No.AllthestudentsarehavingaPEclassnow.A．everybody B．somebodyC．a(chǎn)nybody D．nobodyC

1.代詞在完形填空中的應(yīng)用河南完形填空主要考查人稱代詞辨析，考生需根據(jù)語境選擇正確的人稱代詞。例1

(2020.55)Shetoldtheman,“Iwatchedmychildgooutintheyard,andlookstraightintothesky.Andreally，

55

won’tbelievethis,butIsawitwithmyowneyes.Akittensuddenlycamelyingthroughtheair,andlandedrightinfrontofher.”(

)55．A．he B．youC．she D．they【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，挖空處所在句是“她”對男士說的話，應(yīng)為第二人稱，故選B。2.代詞在語篇填空中的應(yīng)用河南中考語篇填空第一節(jié)主要考查人稱代詞和物主代詞的變形；語篇填空第二節(jié)主要考查it的特殊用法?？忌韪鶕?jù)語境和代詞的常見用法填出正確答案。(1)人稱代詞和物主代詞的變形例2

(2024.59)Whenhewokeup,hefound59．______(he)coinsweregone.【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，挖空處位于名詞前作定語，因此應(yīng)把人稱代詞he轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞性物主代詞his。故填his。(2)it的特殊用法例3

(2022.68)Forexample,68．______tookmemuchtimetolearnnewwordswhenIbeganlearningChinese.【解析】分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題考查句型“Ittakes(sb.)＋sometime＋todosth.”，意為“做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時(shí)間”，句中缺少形式主語it。故填it。試題精練從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。

1．Theairinourcitythisyearismuchbetterthan________lastyear.2．______isimportantforustomakeagoodimpression(印象)onothers.everything

it

he

we

she

neither

another

that

theythat

It

3．Nowadays,alotofpeopleliketokeepintouchwith_________friendsonline.4．Lindalikesplayingbasketball.I’dliketoask_______tojoinoursportsclub.5．Thetwoboysweretooexcitedand___________ofthemfeltlikegoingbacktosleep.6．Thefarmisreallybeautiful.Myparentshavedecidedtostayfor___________twodays.their

her

neither

another

7．Tomwasveryproudwhen______succeededinreachingthetopofthemountainfinally.8．Mycousinnevergaveupindifficultsituationsbecauseshebelieved______________ispossibletoahopefulheart.9．(2024鎮(zhèn)江改編)Mymathteacheroftenasksustothinkby_______andthendiscusswithgroupmembers.he

everything

ourselves

一、完形填空ThehistorytestwascomingonFriday.Juliewasworryingaboutit.

1

wasthesubjectshelearnedtheworst.(

)1．A．English B．Art C．Geography D．HistoryD

“WhatifIfail?”sheaskedherfriendMarcuswhen

2

walkedhometogether.“I’veneverbeengoodatmemorizingthingsforatestlikeyou.Ilovewordplay(雙關(guān)語)andI’mjustgoodatit.”“Calmdown，”Marcus

3

her.“You’lldofine.”(

)2．A．they B．she C．you D．we(

)3．A．a(chǎn)dmired B．praised C．encouraged D．welcomedA

C

“Thankyou.Butthat’ssodifficultforme.”HowJuliewishedshecouldgetgood

4

likeMarcus!(

)4．A．chances B．ideas C．choices D．gradesD

Thefollowingday,Juliedecidedtouselibrarytimetostudy.She

5

.

atableinaquietcorner.Withhertextbookopeninfrontofher,shetriedtomakesenseofallthefactsanddates.Butitwas

6

.Shedroppedherheadtothebook,“Impossible!”(

)5．A．put B．found C．cleaned D．repaired(

)6．A．useless B．unnecessary C．incorrect D．uncommonB

A

“Hi,Julie!”Julie

7

.ShesawherclassmateMariawasseatedatanearbytable.“Wanttostudytogether?”Mariaasked,noddingtoanemptychair.“Sorry,”Julieanswered.“I’mafraidyou’ddobetter

8

youstudywithoutme.I’mnotexactlyahistorian.”(

)7．A．wokeup B．lookedup C．cheeredup D．gaveup(

)8．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)fter C．if D．untilB

C

“Meneither,”Mariasmiled.Juliegotherthingsand

9

Mariawhowassittingwithsomecardsandcoloredpencilsinfrontofher.Eachcardshowedacolorfuldoodle(涂鴉).Juliegavea

10

look.“Ithoughtyouwerestudyinghistory.”(

)9．A．joined B．helped C．visited D．taught(

)10．A．relaxed B．worried C．moved D．doubtfulA

D

“ThisishowIstudy,”Mariasaid.“Ilikeart,andtheimageshelpmerecallfacts.Sometimesmemorizationisn’tenoughandIhavetoget

11

.”“Isee,”saidJulie,withinterest.Andanideajumpedintoherhead：Mariacoulduseherartisticskillstostudy,andIcanalsouse

12

thatI’mgoodat—wordplay.(

)11．A．strong B．close C．creative D．ready(

)12．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．a(chǎn)nythingC

C

“Ihavegotmy

13

toremembertheanswertothequestion‘WhatwouldyoucallsomeonewholivesinFlanders’.”“How?”Maria

14

.(

)13．A．habit B．way C．truth D．value(

)14．A．decided B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．laughed D．wonderedB

D

“Seetheflamingo(火烈鳥)home…SeetheFleming(佛蘭芒人)gohometoFlanders.Yes!AFleminglivesinFlanders.Perfect!”Juliesaid

15

.Suddenly,studyinghistorydidn’tseemsodifficulttoJulie.(

)15．A．happily B．sadly C．shyly D．politelyA

二、語篇填空閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順