2025版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)課件 專題1 名詞

試題精練考點(diǎn)精講專題一名詞第2部分語法突破一、詞法考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)

可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)1．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況分類變化規(guī)則舉例一般情況在詞尾加-smovie→movies(2024.64),year→years(2023.62),apple→________以s，x，ch，sh等結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esbus→buses,fox→________，watch→________，brush→________apples

foxes

watches

brushes

情況分類變化規(guī)則舉例以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-stoy→toys,monkey→__________，key→________以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加-esbaby→babies,family→________以f/fe結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sroof→roofs,belief→________，chief→________變f/fe為v，再加-eswife→wives,knife→________，wolf→_______，life→_______兩者皆可scarf→scarfs/scarvesmonkeys

keys

families

beliefs

chiefs

knives

wolves

lives

情況分類變化規(guī)則舉例以o結(jié)尾的詞有生命的詞加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes巧學(xué)妙記Heroeslikepotatoesandtomatoes.無生命的詞加-sphoto→photos,radio→________radios

注意(1)如果詞尾的ch發(fā)/k/音，變復(fù)數(shù)要加-s。如：stomach→stomachs(2)有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞不是名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：physics物理politics政治news新聞(3)chopsticks,glasses(眼鏡),scissors,trousers,shoes,jeans等詞一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但若被apairof修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。(4)名詞作定語時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)的變化：①一般情況下，直接用單數(shù)形式。如：papertiger紙老虎②個(gè)別情況下，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)clothesshop服裝店③被man或woman修飾時(shí)，若被修飾詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，修飾詞應(yīng)變?yōu)閙en或women。如：manteacher→menteachers2．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化情況分類舉例a→eman→men,woman→__________特例：human→humansoo→eefoot→feet,tooth→__________,goose→__________單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep→sheep,deer→deerwomen

teeth

geese

情況分類舉例復(fù)數(shù)形式表特殊意義spirits情緒,manners禮貌,arms軍備特殊變化mouse→mice,child→children某國人單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese,Japanese,Swissa→eEnglishmen,Frenchwomen加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks巧學(xué)妙記中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面注意

常見的集體名詞(1)形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)(family,public,class,crowd,team,couple等)。當(dāng)它們作主語時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的個(gè)體成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：(2)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)(people,police,staff等)。如：Thepolicearetryingtofindasolution.警方正在努力尋找解決辦法。特例

people意為“人，人們”時(shí)，本身為復(fù)數(shù)；意為“民族”時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples。3．可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表達(dá)類別用法舉例具體的量基數(shù)詞(one除外)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)twobooks兩本書，

onethousandpeople一千人基數(shù)詞(one除外)＋單位詞＋of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)threeboxesofapples三箱蘋果，tenkilosofvegetables十千克蔬菜類別用法舉例不具體的量hundred,thousand,million,billion用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后接ofhundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof數(shù)以百計(jì)/千計(jì)/百萬計(jì)的用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前表示概數(shù)few很少，afew/several幾個(gè)，

some/any一些，(too)many/a(large)numberof/alotof/lotsof/plentyof許多注意

對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問時(shí)，用howmany。1．Catsareknowntospendmostoftheirtimehunting______(mouse)atnight.2．Afterlong-termhardtraining,alltheteam___________(member)arethirstyforsuccess.3．WiththedevelopmentofChinese_________(city),themainstreetshavebecomewidertoholdmorecars.mice

members

cities

4．(2024眉山改編)—Tom!Pleasebrushyour_______(tooth)carefullytwiceaday!—OK,Iwill.5．___________(monkey)don’thaveanykindofprotectivearmour(盔甲)andusetheirbrainstosolveproblems.6．Technology,suchassmart___________(watch)orsportsapps,isalwaysusedtorecordexercisehabits.7．(2024遂寧改編)QiJiguangisoneofthegreatestnational________(hero)inChina.Wewillrememberhimforever.teeth

Monkeys

watches

heroes

考點(diǎn)

不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且不能用基數(shù)詞或不定冠詞a/an直接修飾。1．不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表達(dá)類別用法舉例具體的量基數(shù)詞＋單位詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞aglass/boxofmilk一杯/盒牛奶，abottleofwater一瓶水，twopiecesofpaper兩張紙，threecupsoftea三杯茶不具體的量用于不可數(shù)名詞前表示概數(shù)little很少，alittle/abitof一點(diǎn)兒，some/any一些，(too)much/alotof/lotsof/plentyof許多2．不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化(1)某些物質(zhì)名詞在表示類別或具體的數(shù)量時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。如：coffee→acoffee一杯咖啡 tea→atea一杯茶beer→abeer一杯啤酒 rain→arain一場雨(2)抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示具體的人或事物時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞，可與a/an連用，也可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：beauty→abeauty美麗的人或事物success→asuccess成功的人或事failure→afailure失敗的人或事

surprise→asurprise令人感到驚訝的人或事(3)有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞，意義不同。常見的有：名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)glass眼鏡；玻璃杯玻璃chicken雞雞肉paper報(bào)紙；試卷；論文紙張life(2021.59)性命生物work著作；作品工作weight啞鈴；砝碼重量wood樹木木頭；木材名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)light電燈光線room房間空間orange橙子橙汁exercise練習(xí)；習(xí)題鍛煉；運(yùn)動(dòng)experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)time次數(shù)；倍數(shù)時(shí)間；時(shí)刻gold金牌金子rain一場雨雨水change變化零錢8．翻譯短語(1)一些建議 __________________________(2)一杯蘋果汁 __________________________(3)四則新聞 ____________________(4)極少的牛奶 ______________(5)一點(diǎn)兒面包 ________________(6)一副太陽鏡

_____________________someadvice/suggestions

acup/glassofapplejuice

fourpiecesofnews

littlemilk

alittlebread

apairofsunglasses

(

)9．Thethree______upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough______foradoublebed.A．room;room B．room;roomsC．rooms;room D．rooms;rooms(

)10．Thisarticleoffers______usefulinformationonhowtolose______andkeephealthy.A．much;weight B．much;weightsC．many;weight D．many;weightsC

A

(

)11．Skylanternsareseenasbright______ofhappinessandgoodwishesinChinese______.A．symbol;culture B．symbol;culturesC．symbols;culture D．symbols;culturesC

考點(diǎn)

名詞所有格1．’s所有格類別構(gòu)成方法舉例單數(shù)名詞一般在詞尾加’stheboy’sfather男孩的父親today’snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙復(fù)數(shù)名詞以-s結(jié)尾的加’theteachers’office老師們的辦公室30minutes’walk步行三十分鐘的路程不以-s結(jié)尾的加’sWomen’sDay婦女節(jié)類別構(gòu)成方法舉例表示某物為每個(gè)人各自所有各名詞詞尾均需加’sJane’sandLucy’spens簡的鋼筆和露西的鋼筆表示某物為幾個(gè)人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加’sLucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房間表示某人的家、診所或店鋪等在詞尾加’s,且常常省略其后的名詞atmyuncle’s(home)在我叔叔家atthedoctor’s(office)在診所注意

以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞或人名的所有格的構(gòu)成是在其后加’s。如：theactress’sfriend女演員的朋友James’sbike詹姆斯的自行車2．of所有格：一般表示無生命的事物的所有格，結(jié)構(gòu)通常為“名詞＋of＋名詞”。有時(shí)也可用于表示人或其他有生命的事物的所有格。如：thetopofthehill山頂，astoryoflove一個(gè)關(guān)于愛的故事，thenewsofsuccess捷報(bào)3．雙重所有格：主要表示整體中的一部分。(1)of＋名詞的’s所有格。如：ateacherofmybrother’s我弟弟的一位老師(多位老師中的一位)(2)of＋名詞性物主代詞。如：agoodfriendofmine我的一個(gè)好朋友(多個(gè)朋友中的一個(gè))4．介詞to表示所屬關(guān)系，具有一一對(duì)應(yīng)性。如：theanswertothequestion問題的答案，theentrancetothebuilding大樓的入口12．翻譯短語(1)杰克的狗 ______________(2)門的鑰匙 ___________________(3)步行十分鐘的路程 ____________________(4)在布朗家 _________________(5)我媽媽的兩位朋友 ___________________________(6)一張河南地圖

_______________Jack’sdog

thekeytothedoor

tenminutes’walk

attheBrown’s

twofriendsofmymother’s

amapofHenan

(

)13．(2024齊齊哈爾改編)—It’stimetograduate.Weshouldsay“Thanks”toourteachers.—Ithinkso.Wehavemadegreatprogresswiththe______help.A．teacher B．teachersC．teacher’s D．teachers’(

)14．Isee______schoolIDcardsareattheLostandFound.Let’scallthem!A．MikeandTom’s B．Mike’sandTom’sC．MikeandTom D．Mike’sandTomD

B

1．名詞在完形填空中的應(yīng)用名詞詞義辨析是河南中考完形填空的必考點(diǎn)。近三年河南中考常考的名詞如下：?？济~

A/Banger憤怒；怒火brother兄；弟bed床Ccompetition比賽；競賽；競爭chance機(jī)會(huì)；可能性choice選擇；挑選conversation交談；談話?？济~

D/E/F/Gdinner正餐dream夢(mèng)想；睡夢(mèng)dad爸爸excuse理由；借口example實(shí)例；范例experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷feeling感覺；感觸fear害怕；懼怕gift禮物；贈(zèng)品game游戲；運(yùn)動(dòng)；比賽H/I/Jhabit習(xí)慣idea想法；主意introduction介紹job工作；職業(yè)L/Mlist名單；清單mind頭腦；心智meeting會(huì)議；集會(huì)；會(huì)面mum媽媽?？济~

Ppresent現(xiàn)在；禮物prize獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金purpose目的；目標(biāo)party聚會(huì)Qquestion問題Rresult結(jié)果；后果Ssurprise驚奇；驚訝shame羞恥；羞愧；慚愧skill技藝；技巧sister姐；妹suggestion建議Tthought想法tool工具table桌子河南中考完形填空主要是通過詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)和語境推斷來考查名詞。(2024.44)Lastnight,Frankhadadreamaboutthecomingmathtest...Withthe

44

ofthemathteststillinhismind,Frankwenttogethisheadphones.(

)44．A．results B．thoughtsC．prizes D．purposes【解析】根據(jù)上文“Lastnight,Frankhadadreamaboutthecomingmathtest...”和挖空處所在句可知，數(shù)學(xué)考試的事還留在弗蘭克的腦海里。故選B。(2024樂山改編)Recently,avideohasbecomepopularonline.Inthevideo,amanatBeijing’sSummerPalacesharesinformationaboutitsbuildingswithvisitors.Isthemanatourguide?What’ssospecialabouthim?Well,infact,heisa

15

attheSummerPalace.(

)15．A．doctor B．cleaner C．teacher D．driverB

“OnedayIsawafewvisitors.Theywerereading

16

,buttheystillcouldn’tfindtherightway,soIofferedthemsomehelp,”saysZhangXu,thecleaner.“Inadditionto(除……以外)ourdailycleaningwork,wealsoprovidemore

17

likeansweringquestionsandgivingdirections.”(

)16．A．textbooks B．storybooks C．guidebooks D．notebooks(

)17．A．services B．chances C．choices D．suggestionsC

A

ForZhangXu,theSummerPalaceisaspecialplace.Asachild,hecameheretoplay.Whenhegrewup,hebegantoworkhereandbecamea(n)

18

ofit.ZhangstartedworkingattheSummerPalaceinlate2021．“EverymorningwhenIarrivehereandbeginmy

19

,IfeellikeIamoneofthestonesinthegarden,”hesays.(

)18．A．result B．example C．sign D．part(

)19．A．study B．work C．speech D．lifeD

B

2．名詞在語篇填空第一節(jié)中的應(yīng)用該題型要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境選出符合文意的單詞，并填入其適當(dāng)形式。若空格處所缺為名詞，則需根據(jù)語境或標(biāo)志詞判斷其相應(yīng)的名詞形式。(1)若所填名詞為可數(shù)名詞，一般有以下考查形式：①空格前有表示數(shù)量為“一”的標(biāo)志詞(a/an,one,either,each,every,this,that等)時(shí)，后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式。如：a．Onedayhefellasleepona

rockafterhegot100coppercoins.(2024.58)b．Afterall,notalltheteachershavethetimetomakeeach

childwashhishandsproperly.(2022.64)②空格前有表示數(shù)量大于“一”的標(biāo)志詞(two,alotof,anumberof,many,several,all,both,these,those,among,afew,few等)時(shí)，后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a．MyteacherthinksChinesemedicinewillbegreatlydevelopedoverthenextfew

years.(2023.62)b．Thewholeprojecttookten

yearstocomplete.(2021.61)③空格前沒有標(biāo)志詞時(shí)，根據(jù)上下文尋找隱形的標(biāo)志詞來決定所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：ManyofthestoriesaboutBaoweremadeintosomemovies,novels,operasandsoon.(2024.64)(2)若所填名詞是不可數(shù)名詞(其前可能有l(wèi)ittle/alittle/much等修飾)或者單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞(Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep等)時(shí)，名詞不用變形。如：Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardlifebecauseoftheshortageofwater.(2024寧夏改編)Havingclosefriendsisoneofthebestthingsinourlife.Infact,everyoneshouldhavesomeclosefriends.One20．__________tohaveclosefriendsisthatyoualwayshavesomeonetoworktogetherwith.Forexample,myfriendsandIoftenwrite21．_________together.Wehavewrittenalotbyhelpingeachother.life

song

grade

reason

situationreason

songs

Anotheristhattheycancheeryouup.Theytrytodothiswheneveryouaresad.Forexample,whenIgotadisappointing22．_________onmymathtestlastweek,myfriendstoldjokestomakemelaugh.23．________isbetterwithclosefriends.Theyhelpusenjoylifesometimesandhelpustogetoutofdifficult24．______________.Thenexttimeyourfriendsdosomethingniceforyou,don’tforgettosay,“Nothingbeatshavingclosefriends.”grade

Life

situations

試題精練一、從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。

1．Myunclerunsafarm.Heraisessomanycowsand________there.2．Therearetwelve__________inayear.Teachers’Dayisintheninthmonth.sheep

leaf

month

sheep

treasure

timemonths

3．Letlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumn__________.4．YinxuMuseumhassomanywonderfulart_____________thatitiswellworthvisiting.5．Areallygoodsongcanpassthetestof_______andberememberedformanyyears.leaves

treasures

time

二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每空限填一詞。1．Jackhasawonderful__________.His__________areallkindandpolite.(family)2．Parentsshouldnotcomparetheir____________withotherstoooftenbecauseevery_________isspecial.(child)3．MrsXieisateacherwithlotsof______________andshehasmanyteaching_______________indifferentplaces.(experience)family

family

children

child

experience

experiences

4．(2024綏化改編)InChina,anumberofbirthday___________eatcakeswithcandles.Thenumberofcandlesisthe___________age.(person)5．XiaoLuyingusedtobea____________alongtheYangtzeRiver.Toprotectit,heand12other__________formedavoluntaryteam.(fisherman)persons

person’s

fisherman

fishermen

一、完形填空(2024連云港改編)“Meera,doyourememberwhatdayitistomorrow?”askedRani.“It’sMummy’sbirthday!”criedMeera.“Whatarewegoingtogiveherasa

1

?”(

)1．A．praise B．present C．promise D．prizeB

Thatwasthe

2

.Theycouldn’tthinkofanything!Maybetheycouldbuyhersomeflowersormakeherabirthdaycard.Butthatdidn’tseem

3

enoughforMummy!(

)2．A．a(chǎn)nswer B．excuse C．problem D．decision(

)3．A．special B．simple C．expensive D．modernC

A

Bothgirls

4

howtheycouldmakeMummy’sbirthdayanextra(額外的)surprise.TheyaskedPapaforhelp.AfteranhourofdiscussingwithPapa,thegirlsnoddedtoeachother.Theyfinallyhada

5

!(

)4．A．knew B．learned C．forgot D．wondered(

)5．A．dream B．plan C．chance D．productD

B

NextmorningPapa

6

thegirlsveryearly,evenbeforethesunhadrisenproperly(真正地).Quicklyandquietly,thethreeofthemstartedto

7

.(

)6．A．wokeup B．calledup C．lookedafter D．ranafter(

)7．A．exercise B．read C．work D．playA

C

PapaandRaniblewupballoons—red,yellow,green,blue—andMeera

8

themallaround.Soontheroomlookedvery

9

indeed.(

)8．A．broke B．bought C．hid D．hung(

)9．A．clean B．empty C．beautiful D．hugeD

C

Thentheygotintothe

10

.“Let’smakebreakfast!”Papabegangiving

11

inalowvoice.(

)10．A．garden B．bedroom C．kitchen D．study(

)11．A．inventions B．introductions C．invitations D．instructionsC

D

RaniandMeeradidasPapasaid.

12

thechildrenmadethebreakfastready.Thereweresandwiches,afruitsalad,aglassfullof

13

orangejuiceandanotherfullofwarmmilk.(

)12．A．Quietly B．Carelessly C．Suddenly D．Usually(

)13．A．free B．fresh C．strange D．terribleA

B

Mummycameoutofherroom.Thegirls

14

toherandhuggedher,“Happybirthday!”“Whatawonderful

15

!”criedMummy,lookingattheballoonsandthebreakfasttable.ItwasthebestbreakfastMummyhadevereaten.(

)14．A．listened B．rushe