英語時態(tài)課件

Tenses時態(tài)一般進行完成完成進行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時將來一般將來時將來進行時將來完成時過去將來過去將來時一.什么叫時態(tài)?

在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示;有時候,發(fā)生在同一時間的謂語動作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時態(tài).二.時態(tài)跟時間狀語有關(guān)1.一般現(xiàn)在時

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionallyeverymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/does

2.一般過去時

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)

OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

構(gòu)成法:動詞過去式構(gòu)成法:will/shall

+動詞原形(“is/am/areto+動詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動詞原形”)4.過去將來時(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進行時(now/atthemoment/atpresent…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進行時(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?

構(gòu)成法:would/should+動詞原形構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞7.將來進行時

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.

構(gòu)成法:will/shallbe+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:has/have+動詞過去分詞9.過去完成時(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

構(gòu)成法:had+動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成法:will/shallhave+動詞過去分詞11.現(xiàn)在完成進行時

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進行時

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?

構(gòu)成法:has/havebeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:hadbeen+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞三.幾種容易用錯的時態(tài)用法比較在英語實際應(yīng)用中,并非都會出現(xiàn)前面提到的時間狀語幫你決定謂語用什么時態(tài).高考對謂語時態(tài)的考查主要是通過語境來進行的.下面我們來分析、比較幾種容易用錯的時態(tài).

1.

一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapictureinoils.Nowletmeshowittoyou.(強調(diào)paint這一動作過去已做過.即:畫已畫好.)

Yesterdayafternoon,hemeapicture.NowI‘mgoingtoseewhetherhehasfinishedit.(強調(diào)paint這一動作過去在進行,但未交代是否已做完)

paintedwaspainting-----Whydidn’tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?-----Sorry,butI_______abath.A.tookB.hadtakenC.wastakingD.wasgoingtotake2.一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時用法比較

Jane

washes

herownclothes.(指通常衣服都是她自己洗)Jane

iswashing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(強調(diào)暫時性,未完成,且未交代平時衣服是否自己洗)

Themanageriskindtousall.(指經(jīng)理的一貫態(tài)度)Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調(diào)暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)C

3.一般過去時與過去完成時用法比較

客人們昨天已經(jīng)離開上海.

TheguestsleftShanghaiyesterday.(說明left發(fā)生在昨天)

他說客人們已經(jīng)離開上海.

HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強調(diào)hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過去的過去)

AlltheguestshadleftShanghaibyyesterday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說明是在包括昨天在內(nèi)的以前已經(jīng)陸續(xù)“離開”)4.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時用法比較

Oh,myGod!Ican’tgetin.I__________mykey.ButIdon’tknowwhenandwhereI___________it.havelost/lost/hadlost/mustlose(前一個空用現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)“丟失”對現(xiàn)在造成的影響:

沒有找到,無法進門;后一句則強調(diào)“丟失”是在過去何時何地發(fā)生的.)四.時態(tài)的替代

1.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般時代替將來時,即:用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時,用現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來進行時,用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時.havelostlost

Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.----Don’tallowhimtowatchTVunlesshehasfinished

hishomework.----OK.IfheiswatchingTVbuthasn’tfinishedhishomework,I’llturnofftheTV.時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:

once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas

2.nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的從句中,要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時.Whereveryougo,youwillgetawarmwelcome.3.有部分動詞(主要是短暫性動作動詞)可以用進行時代替

將來時,即:用現(xiàn)在進行時代替一般將來時,用過去進行時代替過去將來時.

(也可用將來時)Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.4.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時:

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預(yù)定時間表將要發(fā)生的動作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機、上下課等.

(也可用一般將來時)Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現(xiàn)在進行時代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表示反感、反對、贊揚、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.補充1.be+todo表示擬定或計劃中將發(fā)生的行為或按職責(zé)義務(wù)必須去做的事情；

beabouttodo表示即將發(fā)生的事，句中一般不使用時間狀語。Allthequestionsaretobeansweredatonce.Nooneistoleavetheroomwithoutpermission.Weareabouttosetout.2.一般過去時，往往表示“剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不在這樣”。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我（剛才）不知道你在這里。Ineverthoughthewoulddothat.我從沒想到他會做出這樣的事。3.表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.4.某些固定句式中的動詞時態(tài)。1）This/Itisthefirst/second…time+that從句。從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，如果把前面的is改為was,

則that從句用過去完成時。ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.2)Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句。Since從句中一般用過去時。Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierfortwoyears.3)be(was/were)doing…when….;be(was/were)abouttodo…when…;haddone…when…TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.4)Hardlyhad…done…when…;Nosoonerhad…done…than…意為“一…..就……”Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.5.副詞在句中的位置

Heisalwayslate.Healwaysgoestoschoolbybike.結(jié)論：在be動詞之后；實義動詞之前Hiswifecomplainsthathedoesn’tsometimeslistentoher.Hiswifecomplainsthathesometimesdoesn’tlistentoher.

結(jié)論：副詞一般放在否定助動詞之前，但always特殊：Hedoesn’talwaysleavebefore6o’clock.五.兩個特殊句型的時態(tài)

1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾的定語從句中,要用完成時.HeistheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehadeverseen.2.在先行詞是thefirst/secondtime的定語從句中,也要用完成時.ThisisthethirdtimeIhavevisitedthemuseum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.六.值得注意的兩點

1.一般來說,只有延續(xù)性動作動詞才有進行時態(tài)(包括現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、

過去完成進行時),如果短暫性動作動詞、終止性動詞和狀態(tài)動詞用在進行時態(tài)中,則不表示動作正在進行,而是表示將來或別的含義.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.Themanagerisbeingkindtousallnow.(強調(diào)暫時性態(tài)度,表示平時對我們大家并不善良)2.只有延續(xù)性動作動詞和狀態(tài)動詞才可以與表示一段時間的狀語(如:for3days,sincelastNovember)連用.Shehascaughtabadcoldforacoupleofdays.

hashad易混時態(tài)的常錯點過去進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時1.He____abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe___it.A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinishedC.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish過去進行時表當時正在進行而尚未完成的動作或狀態(tài)。2.Asshe__thenewspaper,Granny__asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell結(jié)論：長動作在進行時，被一個短動作打斷，長動作用進行體，短動作用一般體。典型易錯題3.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose___toher.A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened4.---Where__you__(put)thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.---I__(put)itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.did;put;putB.have;put;putC.did;put;haveputD.have;put;haveput易混時態(tài)的常錯點過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時5.WhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguagesbutI___allexceptafewwordsofeach.spoke;hadforgottenspoke;haveforgottenhadspoken;hadforgottenhadspoken;haveforgotten結(jié)論：一般過去時所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系，是過去事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。易混時態(tài)的常錯點過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時6.Theoldmanwho

inthedesertedhousealonefortenyearshasbeensettledinanursinghomenow.A.Lived

B.haslivedC.hasbeenlivin