河北省衡水中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期第二次調(diào)研考試英語試題含解析

河北省衡水中學(xué)2022屆上學(xué)期高三年級(jí)二調(diào)考試英語第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatisthemainreasonforthemantocuthishair?A．Toimpressthewoman.B．Tobemorecomfortable.C．Tolookmoreprofessional.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A．Whentheyshouldbringthingsontheplane.B．Whatisnotallowedincheckedbags.C．WhynewregulationsaremadeinCanada.3．Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto?A．Herneighbor.B．Herrepairman.C．Herhusband.4．WhenwillBenstarttohelphisaunt?A．At4:00.B．At4:30.C．At5:00.5．Whatwillthewomandothisweekend?A．Organizetheinformation.B．Dosomesurveys.C．Planouthersubject.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdidthemanhavetroubledoing?A．Reading.B．Seeingtheroadsigns.C．Seeingthetelevisionscreen.7．Howdoesthemangethiseyeproblemaccordingtothewoman?A．Ithappenedovertime.B．Itrunsinthefamily.C．Heinjuredhiseyes.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．WhatisonTVnow?A．Asportgame.B．Thenews.C．Amovie.9．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inahotel.B．Atasteakhouse.C．Atafriend'shouse.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inastore.B．Inarestaurant.C．Athome.11．Whatdidthemanputonthesandwich?A．Potato.B．Lemonjuice.C．Mustard.12．Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A．Throwoutthesandwich．B．Smellthesandwich.C．Makesomenewsandwiches.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whopaintedthepicturesonthewall?A．Thegreatpainters.B．Thecollegeprofessor.C．Theman.14．HowlonghasJackbeenpainting?A．Aroundtenyears.B．Aroundtwoyears.C．Aroundoneyear.15．Whatdoesthewomanlike?A．Drawingpictures.B．Writingbooks.C．Takingphotos.16．Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrow?A．Designsomething.B．Takeacollegeclass.C．Sharetheworks.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthepurposeoftheannouncement?A．Toconductcustomerinterviews.B．Tocomparefilmchoicesonairplanes.C．Toinformtheimprovementsoftheairlineservices.18．HowmanyflightswilltherebebetweenLosAngelesandSeattleperday?A．Oneflightineachdirection.B．Twoflightsineachdirection.C．Fourflightsineachdirection.19．Whatcoloristhecompany'snewuniform?A．Deepgreenandblack.B．Lightgreenandbrown.C．Deepblueandblack.20．Whatkindofmoviesdopassengerswantthemost?A．Hitsfromthe1980's.B．Canadiancomedies.C．Filmsforkids.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALonelyPlanetTripsHerearesometraveldestinationsbyLonelyPlanet.Readingthem,you’llbeinaflash.BhutanTheKingdomofBhutan,locatedontheSilkRoadinSouthAsia,claimedtheNo.1spotpartlyforitsmajesticbeautyandbecauseithadbecomethefirstfullyorganicnationby2020.Thekingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthandsub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan’shighestpeakandisbelievedtobethehighestunclimbedmountainintheworld.NorthMacedoniaIfyouwantanalternativetoEurope'smorepopulartravelspots,NorthMacedoniacouldbeforyou.Itsmountainsandtheirtrailsare“blissfullyquiet”andthelocalsare“unfailinglyhelpful”accordingtoLonelyPlanet.AmongitsdestinationsisOhrid,acharming,oldtowndottedwithmedievalruinsandchurches,linedwithcobblestonestreets,andoverlookingLakeOhrid.EswatiniThekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateandtopographydifferences,andisknownforitswidevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemorethan500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontierconservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.CostaRicaCostaRicaisbelovedformanyreasons,fromitscoffeetoitsepicsurfing.It’salsonotableforitsrelianceongreenenergysources.Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesourcessuchaswindandhydro.Itisalsooneoftheworld’smostbiodiversecountries—hometohalfamillionspecies.Ofcourse,notriptoCostaRicaiscompletewithoutavisittotheSlothSanctuary.1.WhatcantouristsappreciateinbothBhutanandNorthMacedonia?A.Organicproducts. B.Subtropicaljungles.C.Medievalarchitecture. D.Mountainscenery.2.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesEswatini?A.Pleasantquietness. B.Topographyvarieties.C.Abundantwildlife. D.Cobblestonestreets.3.WhatisCostaRicadistinguishedfor?A.Renewableresources. B.Biodiverseplants.C.Frontierpreserves. D.TheSilkRoad.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了《孤獨(dú)星球》推薦的四個(gè)旅行圣地——不丹、北馬其頓、伊斯瓦蒂尼和哥斯達(dá)黎加。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Bhutan部分中的“Thekingdomhaslushsubtropicalplainsinthesouthandsub-alpineHimalayanmountainsinthenorth,whichincludeGangkharPuensum,Bhutan’shighestpeakandisbelievedtobethehighestunclimbedmountainintheworld.(不丹南部有郁郁蔥蔥的亞熱帶平原，北部有亞高山喜馬拉雅山脈，其中包括不丹的最高峰甘卡普森山，它被認(rèn)為是世界上最高的未被攀登的山峰)”及NorthMacedonia部分中的“Itsmountainsandtheirtrailsare“blissfullyquiet”andthelocalsare“unfailinglyhelpful”accordingtoLonelyPlanet.(《孤獨(dú)星球》稱，這里的山脈和小徑“寧靜得令人幸?！保?dāng)?shù)厝恕坝肋h(yuǎn)樂于助人”)”可知，不丹和北馬其頓能讓游客欣賞到山景。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eswatini部分中的“Thekingdomoffersmultitudinousclimateandtopographydifferences,andisknownforitswidevarietiesofwildanimals,whichincludemorethan500birdspeciesand107mammalspecies.Thenationhassevennaturereserves,fourfrontierconservationareasandthreewildlifereserves.(這個(gè)王國擁有眾多不同的氣候和地形，并以其豐富多樣的野生動(dòng)物而聞名，其中包括500多種鳥類和107種哺乳動(dòng)物。國家有七個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，四個(gè)邊境保護(hù)區(qū)和三個(gè)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū))”可知，伊斯瓦蒂尼以其豐富多樣的野生動(dòng)物而聞名。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CostaRica部分中的“It’salsonotableforitsrelianceongreenenergysources.Infact,90%ofitsenergyiscreatedbyregenerativesourcessuchaswindandhydro.(它對(duì)綠色能源的依賴也值得注意。事實(shí)上，它90%的能源是由風(fēng)能和水能等可再生能源產(chǎn)生的)”可知，哥斯達(dá)黎加以可再生資源著稱。故選A項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解題之細(xì)節(jié)理解解題要注意：1.排除干擾項(xiàng)，突出主題。2.按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)信息，預(yù)測應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。3.將注意力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速瀏覽，一目十行。發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)，十目一行，放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對(duì)比較，直到找到正確答案。BHeZehuiaChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission（鈾核裂變），whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations,alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina'sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”?AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s,shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions（核乳膠）inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.HeandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina'sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer,Heconqueredmanyobstacles,andwasalwaysonthefrontlinesofChina'sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld'stopphysicistsrecognizedHeasafamousscientist,“ChineseMadameCurie”.HepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;tobothsheisnowanicon.4.Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A.Identitybackground. B.Characterpersonalities.C.Educationexperiences. D.Professioncompetence.5.WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A.Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B.HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C.HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D.HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.6.WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas"TheChineseMarieCurie”？A.Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B.Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C.Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D.Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.7.HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A.Ambitious,talented,conservativeanddetermined.B.Unselfish,patriotic,indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C.Aggressive,imaginative,stronginmindandkindinheart.D.Knowledgeable,awesome,creativeandsociable.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了“中國的居里夫人”何澤慧及其成就?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.(1936年，她畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)物理系，隨后進(jìn)入柏林工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。在那里，她以優(yōu)異的成績超越了她未來的丈夫、中國的“原子彈之父”錢三強(qiáng)，成為班上的第一名。1940年，她獲得了工程學(xué)博士學(xué)位。)”可知，本段主要介紹何澤慧的教育經(jīng)歷。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's"fatheroftheatomicbomb”.(隨后進(jìn)入柏林工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。在那里，她以優(yōu)異的成績超越了她未來的丈夫、中國的“原子彈之父”錢三強(qiáng)，成為班上的第一名。)”和第三段介紹的夫妻倆的成就可知，其丈夫錢三強(qiáng)也是一位偉大的中國科學(xué)家。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HeZehui,aChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.(中國核物理學(xué)家何澤輝在物理學(xué)上做出了巨大成就，成為一名杰出的科學(xué)家。)”、第三段的最后一句“ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”.(許多西方媒體稱這對(duì)夫婦的“中國居里夫人和皮埃爾·居里”。)”和第四段的第一句“AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.(作為我國核科學(xué)技術(shù)的開拓者之一，何教授對(duì)核物理做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。)”可知，因何澤慧對(duì)中國的核物理作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，西方媒體稱其為“中國的居里夫人”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.(她發(fā)表了幾十篇論文，但并不看重個(gè)人名聲。)”和最后一段“Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;(她獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)，過著簡樸的生活，總是培養(yǎng)年輕的研究人員，保持著她一直以來所重視的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。她愛她的國家和科學(xué);)”可知，何澤慧淡泊名利、愛國、樂于助人，獻(xiàn)身于中國的科學(xué)事業(yè)，有極高的科研素養(yǎng)，對(duì)中國的核物理的研究和發(fā)展作出了極大的貢獻(xiàn)，是值得我們學(xué)習(xí)、頂禮膜拜的杰出的核物理學(xué)家。故選B。CWhilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(轉(zhuǎn)化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新創(chuàng)的詞語)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A.Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B.Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C.Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D.Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice9.Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A.Cautious. B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A.Predictable. B.Practicable.C.Approaching. D.Impossible.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B.AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C.AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D.AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容是英語語言中“名詞動(dòng)用”的語言現(xiàn)象，據(jù)專家估計(jì)20%的英語動(dòng)詞原本是名詞，但大多數(shù)專家對(duì)“名詞動(dòng)用”這類名詞的使用持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。也有人反對(duì)新動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗麄兛咕茏约翰皇煜さ臇|西。文章就此展開了討論?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.（自1900年以來，大約40%的新動(dòng)詞來自名詞）可知，我們知道在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，名詞動(dòng)用并不是罕見的現(xiàn)象。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是壞的，但所有的都是可疑的）和TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文體手冊(cè)》也持類似觀點(diǎn)，建議作者小心使用動(dòng)詞）可知，對(duì)于名詞動(dòng)用的用法，大多數(shù)的專家持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新創(chuàng)的詞語)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.（并不是所有的造詞都被廣泛使用，但是想要完全停止動(dòng)詞的使用，還是算了吧）可知，作者認(rèn)為結(jié)束名詞動(dòng)用用法的使用是不可能的，故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文以及文章的可知，英語語言中“名詞動(dòng)用”的語言現(xiàn)象，據(jù)專家估計(jì)20%的英語動(dòng)詞原本是名詞，但大多數(shù)專家對(duì)“名詞動(dòng)用”這類名詞的使用持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，但是完全杜絕這類詞的使用又是不可能的。也有人反對(duì)新動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗麄兛咕茏约翰皇煜さ臇|西，用正反兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)來說明這類名詞動(dòng)用的語言現(xiàn)象是否受人歡迎，故引用文章中的名詞動(dòng)用的兩個(gè)詞Summering和Medaling來進(jìn)行概括，故B選項(xiàng)（Summering和Medaling很討厭嗎？）可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選B。DHumansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷須)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Thegold-lovingfunguswasdiscoveredaccidentallybyateamofresearchersledbyDr.TsingBohu,ascientistatAustralianationalscienceagency,CSIRO,whentheywereexaminingthemicrobes(微生物)inthesoilatBoddington,atinytownhometoAustralia'slargestgoldmine.Acloseranalysissuggestedthatthefungususeschemicalinteractionswithundergroundmineralstoaccumulategoldfromitssurroundings.Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.“Fungiarewell-knownforplayinganimportantroleintherecyclingoforganicmaterial,suchasleavesandbark,aswellasforthecyclingofothermetals,”Dr.Bohuexplained.“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”Thefungiarenotwearingthegoldforbeauty.“Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.”Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.Thescientistsalsobelievethefungicouldbeusedtodetectthepresenceofgoldinwasteproductsandman-madeelectronics.However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.Also,itsgoldcanonlybeseenunderamicroscope.12.Whataretheexpertsstarvedof?A.Investigatingthesites. B.Excavatingthegoldmines.C.Gettingfurtherinformed. D.Unearthinggolddeposits.13.WhatcouldbelearnedaccordingtoDr.Bohu?A.Fungi’sinteractionwithgoldisunexpectedbutbeneficial.B.Gold’sclassificationisbiologicallyidentifiedbyfungi.C.Fungi’sformationwithgoldisfairlynaturalandfrequent.D.Goldischemicallyaccumulatedbyfungi’sevolution.14.Howdoestheauthorfindthefinding?A.Itexcitesthegolddiggers’motivation.B.Ithasalongwaytogobeforeconfirmation.C.Itlaysthefoundationofgeologicalstudies.D.Itensuresthesearchofgoldsites.15.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Beauty-lovingFungiWrappedbyGoldB.Gold-lovingFungiDiscoveredinAustraliaC.Boddington,Austria’sLargestGoldMineD.NewDiscoveryofGoldwithFungi【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了“喜歡”金子的真菌。本文介紹了其發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過、生物習(xí)性及相應(yīng)的科學(xué)展望?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theexpertsdesperatelyhopethe“golddigger”willprovideinformationonthelocationsofgolddeposits(沉淀物)andmakesearchingforthepreciousmetaleasier,andmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.”可知，專家們迫切希望“淘金者”能提供金礦的位置信息，使尋找這種貴金屬變得更容易，更環(huán)保。由此可知，專家們希望獲得更多關(guān)于攜帶金子的真菌的信息。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thoughfungiofteninteractwithotherthingsinnature,thereactionwithgoldwasunexpected.”及Dr.Bohu說的話“Butgoldissochemicallyinactivethatthisinteractionisbothunusualandsurprising.”可知，雖然真菌經(jīng)常與自然界中的其他事物相互作用，但與黃金的反應(yīng)卻是出乎意料的。黃金的化學(xué)反應(yīng)并不活躍，兩者間的相互作用既不尋常又令人驚訝。再根據(jù)第四段中的““Thereisabiologicalbenefitfromthisreaction.”Dr.Bohusaid,“Gold-lovingfungicangrowfasterandbiggerrelativetootherfungithatdon’tworkwithgold.””可知，“這種反應(yīng)有生物學(xué)上的好處?！盌r.Bohu說，“與其他不能與黃金共生的真菌相比，喜歡黃金的真菌可以生長得更快、更大?！庇纱丝芍?，Dr.Bohu認(rèn)為真菌與黃金的相互作用出人意料，但卻是有益的。故選A。14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theresearchersstillneedtoconductfurtheranalysistounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthefungiandthepreciousmetal.Moreimportantly,theyneedtodetermineifitspresenceisasuresignoftheexistenceoflargedepositsofthemetalunderground.(研究人員仍然需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的分析，以了解真菌和貴金屬之間的關(guān)系。更重要的是，他們需要確定它的存在是否是地下存在大量金屬礦床的確切跡象)”以及最后一段“However,thosehopingtogetfreegoldfromthefungiareinforadisappointment,forthedelicatefungusishardtosee.(然而，那些希望從真菌中獲得免費(fèi)黃金的人注定要失望了，因?yàn)檫@種脆弱的真菌很難看到)”可推斷出，作者認(rèn)為此發(fā)現(xiàn)尚需做深入的研究。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humansarenottheonlyonesthatlikegold.Australianscientistshavediscoveredanewfungus(真菌)thatdecoratesitslong,thread-liketendrils(卷須)withgoldcollectedfromthesoil.”以及后文都是對(duì)該喜金真菌的描述，包括發(fā)現(xiàn)方式、發(fā)現(xiàn)分析及對(duì)其的科學(xué)展望等可知，標(biāo)題核心詞為gold-lovingfungi(喜金真菌)。A項(xiàng)中核心詞為beauty-lovingfungi(愛美真菌)，錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)中核心詞為goldmine(金礦)，錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)中核心詞為goldwithfungi(含真菌的金子)，錯(cuò)誤。故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】標(biāo)題猜測題目的解題步驟。一、閱讀題目要求，確定文章主題；二，通讀短文，了解段落內(nèi)容作簡要概括，留意核心詞（比如本文的核心詞為gold-lovingfungi）；三、參看全文，對(duì)答案檢驗(yàn)，是否存在段落與標(biāo)題不符的情況。比如第4題選中B答案后，要將該標(biāo)題帶到每個(gè)分段落中，看是否存在不符。如果存在，就得重新考慮標(biāo)題選擇；不存在，即可確定答案。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness,___16___Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.Farfrombeingmentallyill,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.___17___Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.___18___Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesintocategories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesinthesecondperson,as“you”ratherthan“I”.___19___Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You’recertaintoseeanathleteortwocheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.Conductadialoguewithourselves.___20___Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularlygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Theto-and-frobetweendifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplaces,justlikearegulardialoguecan,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeystohumancreativity.A.Whatisprivatespeech?B.Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.C.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.D.Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.E.Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.F.Aswegrowolder,wemaketheprivatespeechbecomethewayofblinking,G.Althoughtheprivatespeechiseffective,weneverentirelyputawaytheout-loudspeech.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.G20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。自言自語似乎顯得有點(diǎn)丟人。自言自語非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我們規(guī)劃要做的事情和管控自己的各種活動(dòng)和情緒，甚至還能創(chuàng)作一段關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷的故事?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“用人們熟知的話來說，自言自語是變瘋的第一跡象。”以及空格后“自言自語——無論是大聲說出還是在心中默念——都很有價(jià)值，是思考的一種工具?！钡弥崭裉幈硎巨D(zhuǎn)折，盡管大家以為自言自語不好，但你不必感到尷尬。故選B。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“自言自語有助于我們規(guī)劃要做的事情和管控自己的各種活動(dòng)和情緒，甚至還能創(chuàng)作一段關(guān)于自己經(jīng)歷的故事?！钡弥崭裉幈硎究偨Y(jié)：心理學(xué)家將這種行為稱作私下話語。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)表明，這種所謂的內(nèi)在言語可以提高我們處理一些事情的能力，比如從判斷別人在想什么，到把圖片分門別類。”得知空格處表示過渡：隨著我們年齡的增長，我們并沒有放棄這個(gè)體系——我們把它內(nèi)化了。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文舉例“打開體育頻道，你一定會(huì)看到有那么一兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員在對(duì)自己說著鼓勁兒話，或是在沒投中球后狠狠地責(zé)備自己?！钡弥崭裉幈硎巨D(zhuǎn)折：我們內(nèi)化了在孩童時(shí)期使用的私下話語，但我們卻從未完全放棄大聲說出的方式。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空上文“與自己進(jìn)行對(duì)話?！钡弥崭裉幊薪由衔谋硎荆鹤詥栕源鹚坪跏且环N很好的解決問題和理清想法的方式。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsago,myfatherarrangedtosendmeamail-orderfruitcakeatChristmastime.WhileIhadrecentlysettledinManhattanwithagoodjob,he___21___mycupboardsandrefrigeratormightbebare.Iwas44then,andhewas72.Hewantedmetohaveaparticularbrandoffruitcake.MadeinTexas,itwasfamousamongfruitcakelovers-or,___22___,amongpeoplewhogavefruitcakestothosewhowereassumedto___23___them."Itremindsmeofmymother's,"hesaid.Mygrandmother's___24___,Ilaterlearnt,wasacaketypicaloftheGreatDepressionDadgrewupin,madewithoutsugar,butteroreggs.___25___thefruitcakewashiswayoftryingtotakecareofmefromafar.Regardlessofmy___26___status,Iwasstillhisson.Afruitcake,inhismind,wasa___27___Christmasgift:Fruitcakecanfillyourbellyandhasalongshelflife.“ItshouldarrivethefirstweekofDecember,“hesaid."Letmeknowwhatyouthink___28___yougetit."Iwaslookingforwardto___29___theflavorsthattransportedhimtohischildhood.ThefirstweekofDecemberpassedwithnosignofhisfruitcake.____30____byholidaymail,Iassumed.Heremained____31____thefruitcakewouldcomebyNewYear'sEve.Yet,January,February,andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.Thoughmyfather____32____toaskaboutit,Ineveronceconsideredlyingandtellinghimthefruitcakehad____33____arrivedandwasdelicious.InsteadIsaid,“Thatcakeisorbitingearth,andsoonerorlateritwill____34____.”EarlylastDecember,nearlyayearaftermyfatherdiedfromafailingheart,Igotacallsaying,“Youhaveapackage."Iwentdownstairstopickitup.ThebrownboxhadaFedExlabelwitha____35____addressinTexas.21.A.feared B.sensed C.complained D.prayed22.A.aboveall B.inturn C.atleast D.onthewhole23.A.take B.love C.need D.possess24.A.wish B.recipe C.version D.faith25.A.Making B.Sharing C.Delivering D.Ordering26.A.disadvantaged B.middle-aged C.emotional D.personal27.A.perfect B.cheap C.popular D.delicate28.A.unless B.before C.once D.though29.A.creating B.sampling C.exposing D.spreading30.A.Mixed B.Burdened C.Replaced D.Delayed31.A.skeptical B.concerned C.hopeful D.interested32.A.forgot B.continued C.managed D.hesitated33.A.finally B.gradually C.hardly D.annually34.A.rot B.explode C.melt D.land35.A.campus B.file C.destination D.return【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了圣誕節(jié)前72歲的老父親給兒子郵購了一款水果糕點(diǎn)，這款糕點(diǎn)能讓老父親想起自己的童年和母親。然而，直到一年后的圣誕節(jié)前作者才收到這包點(diǎn)心，此時(shí)老父親已去世。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我已經(jīng)在曼哈頓安頓好，工作也很好，但他唯恐我的櫥柜和冰箱是空的。A.feared唯恐，擔(dān)心；B.sensed意識(shí)到，感覺到；C.complained抱怨，牢騷；D.prayed祈禱。作者搬入新的城市，父親在遠(yuǎn)方擔(dān)心兒子吃不好，乃人之常情，所以給兒子郵購糕點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查介詞短語詞辨析。句意：產(chǎn)于德克薩斯的這款糕點(diǎn)在愛好者當(dāng)中還是很出名的，至少是那些送給喜歡這款糕點(diǎn)的人。A.aboveall首先，最重要的是；B.inturn輪流，反過來；.atleast至少；D.onthewhole從總體來說。atleast意思是“至少，最低限度”。這款蛋糕至少是在某些人群中受歡迎的。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：產(chǎn)于德克薩斯的這款糕點(diǎn)在愛好者當(dāng)中還是很出名的，至少是那些送給喜歡這款糕點(diǎn)的人。A.take拿走；B.love喜愛；C.need需要；D.possess擁有。上文“gavefruitcakestothose”送糕點(diǎn)給人，應(yīng)該送認(rèn)為對(duì)方會(huì)喜歡的東西。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來我知道了，我祖母喜歡的這款是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期的典型的蛋糕，不含糖，不含奶油，不含雞蛋。我父親就是在這一時(shí)期長大的。A.wish愿望；B.recipe配方；C.version版本；D.faith信心。此處在介紹這種祖母喜歡的糕點(diǎn)是一款什么版本的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：定制郵寄一包糕點(diǎn)，是他表達(dá)想要照顧我的一種方式。A.Making制作；B.Sharing分享；C.Delivering遞送；D.Ordering訂購。父親和兒子不在一個(gè)城市，父親為兒子訂制蛋糕。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我已人到中年，但在父親眼里，我仍然是他的孩子。A.disadvantaged處于劣勢的；B.middle-aged中年的；C.emotional情感的；D.personal個(gè)人的。上文提到“Iwas44then,andhewas72”。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在他看來，一包果脯糕點(diǎn)就是最完美的圣誕禮物，既能填飽肚子，保質(zhì)期又長。A.perfect完美的；B.cheap便宜的；C.popular流行的；D.delicate精致的。父親擔(dān)心兒子吃不飽，這款糕點(diǎn)能填飽肚子，還好存放，父親覺得很好很合適兒子。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查連詞詞意辨析。句意：一旦你收到包裹，就告訴我你覺得怎么樣。A.unless除非；B.before在之前；C.once一旦……就；D.though雖然。父親希望知道兒子是否喜歡這糕點(diǎn)，想讓兒子收到時(shí)，及時(shí)反饋。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我期待著品嘗到能把父親帶回童年的味道。A.creating創(chuàng)造；B.sampling品嘗；C.exposing接觸，使暴露；D.spreading傳播。兒子沒吃過父親郵寄的這種糕點(diǎn)，希望收到后可以嘗嘗。sample名詞“樣品”，動(dòng)詞“當(dāng)做樣品，試驗(yàn)，試吃”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：12月的第一周過去了，沒有收到，我心想應(yīng)該是節(jié)日的郵件多，我的包裹被耽誤了。A.Mixed混合；B.Burdened被負(fù)載；C.Replaced被取代；D.Delayed被延誤。圣誕節(jié)前后，郵寄包裹會(huì)很多，送貨可能會(huì)慢一些。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他仍希望在圣誕節(jié)前夕蛋糕能夠送達(dá)。A.skeptical懷疑態(tài)度的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.hopeful滿懷希望的；D.interested感興趣的。根據(jù)下文“Yet,January,February,andMarchcameandwentwithnofruitcake.（然而，三個(gè)月過去了，仍沒收到）”yet轉(zhuǎn)折可知，包裹沒有如期到達(dá)，父親仍滿懷希望圣誕節(jié)前夕到達(dá)，但是幾個(gè)月后仍沒收到。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然父親一直堅(jiān)持問包裹的事情，但我從未想過撒謊騙他說終于收到了，很好吃。A.forgot忘記；B.continued繼續(xù)，持續(xù)；C.managed經(jīng)營，管理，設(shè)法；D.hesitated猶豫。我一直沒收到包裹，也沒撒謊騙父親，可知父親還是時(shí)常詢問包裹。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然父親一直堅(jiān)持問包裹的事情，但我從未想過撒謊騙他說終于收到了，很好吃。A.finally終于，最后；B.gradually漸漸地，逐漸的；C.hardly幾乎不，幾乎沒有；D.annually每年，一年一次。等待好久的包裹到來時(shí)應(yīng)該表示“終于到了”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那個(gè)糕點(diǎn)包裹在繞地球運(yùn)行，遲早會(huì)落地的。A.rot腐爛；B.explode爆炸；C.melt融化；D.land落地，著陸。由上文“Thatcakeisorbi