2025屆中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件（外研版廣西專用）11-二、句法-專題十 主從復(fù)合句

第二部分

語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講練二、句法專題十

主從復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)1

賓語(yǔ)從句（單項(xiàng)選擇：6年5考）

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫作賓語(yǔ)從句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句（引導(dǎo)詞+從句），針對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句，考生需掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。?賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)?賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞that，在從句中無(wú)意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語(yǔ)中常可省略I

believe

（that）

you

will

succeed.三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞what（什么），which（哪一個(gè)），who（誰(shuí)，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），whom（誰(shuí)，作賓語(yǔ)），whose（誰(shuí)的,作定語(yǔ)）等連接代詞，在從句中作成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等Lisa

wonders

what

she

should

do

next.Do

you

know

whose

coat

it

is？續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞where（哪里），when（何時(shí)），why（為什么），how（如何）等連接副詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)Jessie

hasn’t

decided

when

she

will

leave

for

Paris.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句引導(dǎo)詞if/whether（是否），不作句子成分，但不能省略I

don’t

know

if/whether

my

sister

will

come

to

the

party.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他I

wonder

how

Jim

came

to

school

this

morning.時(shí)態(tài)主句：現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句：根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)I

remember

Linda

came

here

two

days

ago.續(xù)表三要素引導(dǎo)詞/用法例句時(shí)態(tài)主句：過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)從句：過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)John

told

me

he

had

finished

his

homework.從句若為客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句使用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Our

geography

teacher

told

us

that

the

earth

travels

around

the

sun.續(xù)表1.否定前移：當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到這些詞之前。如：I

don’t

think

the

answer

is

correct.2.語(yǔ)序：當(dāng)what，who，which在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),該句型語(yǔ)序不變。如:I

don’t

know

what’s

wrong/the

matter/the

trouble

with

him.3.it作形式賓語(yǔ)：如果復(fù)合句中賓語(yǔ)從句很長(zhǎng)，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ),以免句子頭重腳輕。如：This

boss

has

made

it

clear

that

he

will

try

his

best

to

help

those

poor

students.4.whether與if表“是否”時(shí)的用法區(qū)分：若引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否”，賓語(yǔ)從句在介詞之后或賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞后直接接or

not時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether,不能用if。如：I

can’t

decide

whether

or

not

I

will

go

to

your

birthday

party.1.（2024廣西40題）—Could

you

please

tell

me

________?—In

my

hometown.(

)

BA.

how

you

usually

go

to

schoolB.

where

you

usually

spend

your

holidayC.

when

you

usually

have

breakfast

at

school2.（2023廣西40題）—Excuse

me，could

you

tell

me

________?—At

7

o’clock

in

the

evening.(

)

AA.

when

the

concert

will

startB.

where

we

can

buy

concert

ticketsC.

who

will

sing

songs

at

the

concert3.（2022北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)40題）—Excuse

me，could

you

tell

me

________?—Sure.

Walk

along

the

street

for

about

10

minutes.

You

will

see

it

on

your

right.(

)

BA.

when

the

Science

Museum

is

openB.

how

I

can

get

to

the

Science

MuseumC.

how

old

the

Science

Museum

is4.（2021北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)40題改編）—Do

you

know

________?—Yes.

On

May

15th，2021.(

)

BA.

why

Tianwen

1

was

sent

into

spaceB.

when

Tianwen

1

landed

on

the

red

planetC.

how

long

Tianwen

1

has

worked

there5.（2024東營(yíng)改編）—Do

you

know

________?—20-30

minutes，the

experts

suggest.(

)

CA.

where

we

should

eat

a

mealB.

why

we

should

not

eat

a

meal

too

quicklyC.

how

long

we

should

spend

eating

a

meal6.（2024齊齊哈爾改編）—I

wonder

________.—I’m

not

sure.

Let’s

ask

Miss

Li

for

help.(

)

AA.

which

subject

we

should

chooseB.

when

we

would

leave

the

partyC.

that

Bob

went

to

the

library

just

now7.（2024云南改編）—Can

you

tell

me

________?—Sure.

I

usually

give

some

books

to

a

village

library.(

)

CA.

when

is

World

Book

DayB.

what

is

World

Book

DayC.

how

you

celebrate

World

Book

Day8.（2024柳州三模）—Amy，do

you

know

________?—Yes.

It’s

on

Thursday.(

)

AA.

when

we’ll

have

a

parents’

meetingB.

where

we’ll

have

a

parents’

meetingC.

who

will

take

part

in

the

parents’

meeting9.—I

wonder

________.—Someone

who

can

make

me

a

better

person.(

)

BA.

how

you

often

meet

your

friendsB.

who

you

want

to

make

friends

withC.

what

you

usually

do

with

your

friends10.—I’m

still

not

sure

________.—Why

not?

No

one

is

better

than

you

in

our

class.(

)

CA.

when

I

can

enter

the

competitionB.

how

I

can

prepare

for

the

competitionC.

whether

I

should

take

part

in

the

competition11.—I’m

new

here.

Could

you

tell

me

________?—Certainly.

The

NO.

20

bus

will

take

you

there.(

)

CA.

how

far

is

the

parkB.

when

the

park

opensC.

which

is

the

way

to

the

park12.—Could

you

tell

us

________

we

can

start

a

conversation

with

a

foreigner?—Talking

about

the

weather

is

a

good

choice.(

)

AA.

how

B.

whether

C.

why13.（2024揚(yáng)州改編）Teenagers

don’t

always

understand

________

their

parents

have

so

many

rules.(

)

AA.

why

B.

which

C.

where14.I

wonder

________

June

is

a

good

time

to

visit

Hong

Kong.(

)

CA.

when

B.

what

C.

if15.（2024自貢）My

teacher

told

us

that

May

18th

________

the

International

Museum

Day.(

)

AA.

is

B.

was

C.

be考點(diǎn)2

狀語(yǔ)從句（完形填空：6年2考；選詞填空：6年2考）

在復(fù)合句中，起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句?？忌枳⒁鉅钫Z(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞及時(shí)態(tài)。?常見狀語(yǔ)從句及其從屬連詞（詞組）類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when/as當(dāng)……時(shí)

while當(dāng)……時(shí)after在……之后before在……之前1.until和till通常可互換使用，但是till不用于句首，not…until/till意為“直到……才……”類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句until/till直到……since

自從as

soon

as一……就……whenever

無(wú)論何時(shí)2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特例：在“It

is/has

been+時(shí)間段+since從句”中，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)均可續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意條件狀語(yǔ)從句if如果

unless除非，如果不as

long

as只要once一旦需遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though/although盡管,雖然even

though/if即使

whatever無(wú)論什么wherever無(wú)論哪里whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)1.although，though，even

though/if均不能和but連用，但是可以和yet或still連用2.whatever=no

matter

what；wherever=no

matter

where；whoever=no

matterwho續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意原因狀語(yǔ)從句because因?yàn)?/p>

as由于since既然because，since和as都不能和so連用續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so/such…that…

如此……以至于……so強(qiáng)調(diào)的是形容詞或副詞，such強(qiáng)調(diào)的是名詞,當(dāng)名詞前有many，much，few，little等詞時(shí)，只能用so…that…，不能用such…that…續(xù)表類型從屬連詞（詞組）注意目的狀語(yǔ)從句so

that以便in

order

that為了兩者可互換使用方式狀語(yǔ)從句as正如

as

if似乎/續(xù)表?狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1.主將從現(xiàn)。在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。若復(fù)合句中含有以下連詞（詞組）引導(dǎo)的從句，常遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞（詞組）：when，as，while，after，before，until，as

soon

as等。如：I

will

tell

Jim

about

the

book

as

soon

as

he

comes

back.

吉姆一回來(lái)，我就告訴他關(guān)于這本書的事情。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞（詞組）：if，unless，as

long

as，in

case，once等。如：If

you

go

to

that

factory，you

will

know

how

paper

is

made.

如果你去那家工廠，你將會(huì)知道紙是怎么做成的。2.主完從過(guò)：若復(fù)合句含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：I

have

studied

in

this

school

since

I

came

to

this

city.

自從我來(lái)到了這個(gè)城市，我就在這所學(xué)校上學(xué)。3.主情從現(xiàn)：主句有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：You

can

make

progress

if

you

study

hard.

如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得進(jìn)步。4.主祈從現(xiàn)：主句為祈使句，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

Tell

me

when

you

are

free.

你不忙的時(shí)候告訴我。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2024福建）You

can

feel

better

________

you

take

a

walk

in

the

park

just

for

20

minutes.(

)

AA.

if

B.

before

C.

until2.（2024臨夏改編）Tom

didn’t

go

to

bed

________

his

mother

came

back

last

night.(

)

AA.

until

B.

if

C.

because3.We

should

try

to

do

it

well，________

there

are

a

lot

of

difficulties.(

)

CA.

in

order

that

B.

as

long

as

C.

even

though4.English

is

my

favorite

subject

________

it’s

very

interesting.(

)

CA.

though

B.

when

C.

as5.Mrs.

Green

put

her

daughter’s

photo

on

her

desk

________

she

can

see

her

every

day.(

)

BA.

as

soon

as

B.

so

that

C.

although6.On

my

way

home

there

was

________

a

heavy

rain

________

I

couldn’t

move

quickly

yesterday

afternoon.(

)

BA.

so;

that

B.

such;

that

C.

too;

to二、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)題whenever

before

since

unless

become

as1.We

need

to

take

action

to

save

every

drop

of

water

_______

it

is

too

late.2.Grandpa

Wang

lives

not

far

from

the

lake.___________he

is

free，he

goes

fishing

at

the

lake.3.It’s

about

two

years

since

the

young

man________a

soldier.beforeWheneverbecame4.You

can

never

know

what’s

possible

_______

you

try

to

make

it

happen.5.______you

can’t

work

out

the

problem，perhaps

you

need

to

ask

your

classmates

for

help.6.You’d

better

fix

the

machine____I

have

told

you.

Or

you

may

make

more

problems.unlessSinceaswhenever

before

since

unless

become

as考點(diǎn)3

定語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，先行詞通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。初中階段需要掌握由關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。?定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)?定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞及其用法關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句that主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)人、物I

love

movies

that

are

funny.（作主語(yǔ)）Everything

（that）

you

learn

becomes

part

of

you

and

changes

you.（作賓語(yǔ)）關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)物The

book

which

is

on

the

table

is

mine.（作主語(yǔ)）I’ll

never

forget

the

days

（which）

we

spent

together.（作賓語(yǔ)）who主語(yǔ)人I’d

like

to

congratulate

all

the

students

who

are

here

today.續(xù)表關(guān)系詞可作成分先行詞例句whom賓語(yǔ)人He’s

the

boy

（whom）

I

talked

with

just

now.續(xù)表關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴?關(guān)系代詞指代物時(shí)，只能用that，不能用which的情況：1.先行詞為不定代詞anything，nothing，all，much，few，any，little等或the

one時(shí)。如：Is

there

anything

that

I

can

do

for

you?有什么我能為你效勞的嗎？2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：This

is

the

first

book

that

I

bought.這是我買的第一本書。3.先行詞被the

only，the

very，the

last等修飾時(shí)。如：The

only

thing

that

I

want

to

do

is

have

a

good

rest.我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。4.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：The

film

star

and

her

film

that

you

just

talked

about

are

really

well-known.你們剛剛談到的那個(gè)影星和她的電影真的很出名。5.當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。如：Which

is

the

hotel

that

you

like

best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館？1.（2024樂山改編）I’ll

never

forget

the

experiences

________

we

had

in

the

volunteer

work

last

summer.(

)

CA.

when

B.

who

C.

that2.I

like

the

movies

________

make

me

feel

happy

and

relaxed.(

)

BA.

what

B.

which

C.

who3.Mary

is

the

person

________

I

can

talk

to

when

I

feel

sad.

She

has

the

ability

to

cheer

me

up.(

)

BA.

which

B.

whom

C.

what4.The

woman

promised

she

would

do

everything

________

she

can

do

to

help

those

children.(

)

AA.

that

B.

which

C.

who5.—Do

you

know

the

scientist

________

discovered

radium?—Yes，Marie

Curie.(

)

BA.

which

B.

who

C.

whom溫馨提示

更多練習(xí)請(qǐng)完成分層進(jìn)階練習(xí)冊(cè)P85專項(xiàng)提升——分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)技巧（含長(zhǎng)難句分析）知識(shí)必備

常見句子類型1.如果主從復(fù)合句里的從句是狀語(yǔ)從句，主句和從句需要用從屬連詞（詞組）連接【常見從屬連詞（詞組）用法見本冊(cè)P157】2.如果主從復(fù)合句里的從句是賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句，主句和從句需要用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞連接【賓語(yǔ)從句常見關(guān)系詞用法見P155；定語(yǔ)從句常見關(guān)系詞見P159】技巧一：去枝葉，留主干枝葉指句子中的修飾成分，如定語(yǔ)（形容詞）、狀語(yǔ)（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等），分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)略過(guò)這些成分，結(jié)合句子主干成分（主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等）及語(yǔ)境判斷句子屬于六大句型中的哪一種。如：例：（2024廣西補(bǔ)全對(duì)話節(jié)選）We

have

got

a

lot

of

success

in

space

technology!【分析】a

lot

of是定語(yǔ)，修飾success；in

space

technology是狀語(yǔ)，均是修飾成分。主干句符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧二：找并列連詞（如and，so和but）并分析其并列的成分——針對(duì)含有并列成分的句子及并列復(fù)合句1.若句中有and并列相同成分（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等），and并列的內(nèi)容可以作為整體考慮；除此之外，若主語(yǔ)相同，and還可以并列“謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：例：（2024廣西閱讀理解A節(jié)選）You

can

just

turn

on

the

radio

and

listen

to

different

kinds

of

music

for

fun.【分析】本句中，and并列兩個(gè)“謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，劃線部分為主干成分，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。2.若and，but，or，so，for等連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，如：例：（2024廣西32題）

Jimmy

likes

reading，so

he

often

goes

to

the

bookstore

to

buy

some

books.【分析】本句是由so連接的并列復(fù)合句，前一分句主句符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；后一分句主干成分為劃線部分，也符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧三：找從屬連詞或從屬連詞短語(yǔ)（如when，if，as

soon

as等）——針對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句例：（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）Betty’s

hard

work

paid

off

when

the

town’s

famous

director，Mr.

Johnson，watched

one

of

her

plays.【分析】本句中包含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，劃直線部分為狀語(yǔ)從句的主干成分，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，Mr.

Johnson為director的同位語(yǔ)；劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂（不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。技巧四：找引導(dǎo)詞或關(guān)系詞（what，that，which等；that，which，who等），結(jié)合句意判斷句子是賓語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句例1：（2024廣西40題）Could

you

please

tell

me

where

you

usually

spend

your

holiday?【分析】根據(jù)句意可知本句包含where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，本句符合“主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作tell的直接賓語(yǔ)。劃直線部分為賓語(yǔ)從句的主干成分，引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例2：（2024廣西完形填空節(jié)選）Sometimes

we

go

to

places

that

we

can

only

reach

by

boat.【分析】根據(jù)句意可知本句包含that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞places。劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂（不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞）+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；劃直線部分為定語(yǔ)從句，that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作reach的賓語(yǔ)，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。例3：（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）She

encountered（遇見）

many

difficulties

which

taught

her

that

there’s

no

rose

without

a

thorn.【分析】劃波浪線部分為主句，符合“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)；劃直線部分為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞difficulties，which是關(guān)系代詞，指代difficulties，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句符合“主+謂+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中，直接賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。1.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，若關(guān)系詞僅起連接作用，常用that，可省略；2.在定語(yǔ)從句中，若關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)先行詞，用that，which或whom，關(guān)系代詞可省略。1.（2024廣西選詞填空節(jié)選）If

your

experiences

are

written

into

the

songs，your

life

will

be

more

fun.本句包含If引導(dǎo)的

__________

從句，時(shí)態(tài)遵循“__________”原則。條件狀語(yǔ)主將從現(xiàn)2.（2024廣西閱讀理解C節(jié)選）She

felt

like

a

wallflower

and

wondered

if

she

would

go

unnoticed

all

the

time._____

并列felt

like

a

wallflower和wondered

if…；if在本句中表示“______”，引導(dǎo)

__________。