2025年中考英語語法 之 定語從句

初中英語語法之定語從句定義定語：用來修飾名詞、代詞的詞或短語beautifulgirl形容詞threestudents數(shù)詞womanteacher名詞nothingtoworryabout不定式短語定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子句子結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句定語從句Ilikethemusic[thatIcandanceto].我喜歡我能隨之而舞的音樂。先行詞關(guān)系詞先行詞：定語從句修飾的名詞或者代詞（在定語從句之前）關(guān)系詞：連接主句和從句的詞（緊跟先行詞）關(guān)系詞的作用：連接從句，充當(dāng)定語從句成分，代替先行詞定語從句的分類定語從句的分類限定性定語從句：無逗號，從句是主句不可缺少的部分。Mysister[whois26]isanurse.我26歲的姐姐是一名護(hù)士。非限定性定語從句：有逗號，主句完整，從句是補充說明。Mysisterisanurse，[whois26].我的姐姐是一名護(hù)士，26歲。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系形容詞thatwhichwhowhomwhose指代人/物物人人成分主/賓主/賓主/賓賓定意思...的使用從句缺少主語或賓語時句子完整后有名詞1、充當(dāng)主語/賓語2、當(dāng)定語whose“的”人物thatwhichwhothatwhichwhowhom做題步驟：ABC①找A先行詞②選B關(guān)系詞③減C減去同義詞（相同成分）④如果不是，就選關(guān)系形容詞或關(guān)系副詞小牛試刀選擇合適的關(guān)系詞并判斷在句中的成分（主、賓、定、狀）Ihaveanapple_________isgreen.（）Iknowaman__________isadoctor.（）Thisistheplace_______wevisitedlasttime.（）Iknowtheman_________youjusttalkedwith.（）Ilikethegirl______hairareblackandlong.（）Thisistheschool______mymotherworks.（）whenwherewhenwherewhyfor+which介詞+which關(guān)系副詞介詞+whichwhenwherewhy指代時間地點原因成分狀狀狀意思使用句子完整時Istillrememberthedaywhenmysisterwasborn.onwhich=onthatday小試牛刀IwillneverforgetthoseyearsIlivedonthefarm.IhavebeentotheplacetheIndianslives.Thisisthereasonhecan’tcometothemeeting.Doyouknowthenearestplacewhichisfamousitsbeautifulnaturalsceneryinourtown.Whendon’tknowtheexacttimetheywillreturn.四、特殊用法（有戴一雙特高靴）先行詞只能用that引導(dǎo)，不用which引導(dǎo)有therebe句型（關(guān)系代詞指物）有e.g.TherearesomebooksthatIamfoundof.這有一些我喜歡書。戴戴不定代詞做先行詞（all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,much等）e.g.ThereisnothingthatIcansayaboutit.我沒什么可說的了。一一當(dāng)主句是以who，which或what開頭的疑問詞。e.g.Whoisthemanthatiswaitingattheschoolgate?雙雙先行詞即有人又有物e.g.Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandplacesthattheyhadvisited.他們談?wù)撍麄儼菰L過的人和去過和地方。特特先行詞被表示特指唯一的詞修飾，如theonly,thesame,theone等e.g.Theonlythingthatwecandoistoasktheteacherforhelp.我們能做的唯一的一件事情就是向老師尋求幫助。高高先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾e.g.ThisisthemostinterestingmoviesthatIhaveeverwatched.這是我看過的最有趣的電影靴先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾（first，second，last等修飾）靴e.g.ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninEnglish.這是我用英語寫的第一封信五、將兩個句子合成有定語從句的復(fù)合句。注意:需要先考慮先行詞是人還是物;然后考慮關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分（主語、賓語、定語和狀語）TheboyisTim.Theboyisgoodatsinging.Theboy________________Tom.2、Xiangxiisafamouscity.Thecityisfamousfornaturalsceneryandrichculturalheritage.Xiangxiisafamouscity________________________________________________.3、Ilovereadingthebook.ItsnameisLittleWomen.Ilovereadingthebook________________________4、你記得我們第一次見面的那一天嗎?Doyouremembertheday____________________________?5.這是我沒有參加會議的原因。Thisisthereason____________________________.專項練習(xí)一、選擇題1.Theman______istalkingtoourteacherisBetty'sfather.A.whichB.whom C.who D.what2.Ilikethebook______youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.who C.whose D.where3.Itisthethirdtime_________youhavemadethesamemistake.A.whichB.where C.who D.that4.Thegirl______wesawyesterdayisTom'ssister.A.whichB.whose C.who D.what5.Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.where6.Romeisanancientcity________fullofplacesofinterest.A.whereis B.whichis C.whichare D.thatare7.Istillrememberthedays______wespenttogether.A.whichB.when C.where D.whose8.Theman______hairiswhiteismygrandfather.A.whichB.whose C.who D.whom9.Thisistheschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.that D.when10.Thereason______hewaslatewasthathegotuplate.A.whichB.whyC.that D.when二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.Theboy______isplayingfootballismyclassmate.2.Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.3.Thisisthehouse______LuXunoncelived.4.Thewoman______yousawjustnowismyaunt.5.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoourteacher?6.I'llneverforgettheday______Imetyou.7.Theplace______wevisitedlastweekisverybeautiful.8.Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.9.Theman______carwasstolencalledthepolice.10.Shehasafriend______fatherisadoctor.三、翻譯下面句子1.Themagazine___________________________(我昨天買的)isveryinteresting.2.Theboy______________________________（正在吃午飯的)ismybrother.3.Doyouknowtheteacher____________________________(名字是Ms.Zhang)?4.Heisthekindofpeople______________________________(喜歡幫助別人的).5.Iliketomakefriendswithpeople____________________________(喜歡旅游的).四、完成句子1．Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting.(合并成一個句子)2．Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareromantic.(合并成一個句子)3．Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic.(合并成一個句子)4．WeknowLuXun.Hewrotemanyfamousbooks.(合并成一個句子)5．Ilikegroups.Thegroupsareenergetic.(合并成一個句子)五、語法選擇&短文填空（2023·廣東