2025屆上海市普陀區(qū)高三一模英語試題（含答案）

普陀區(qū)2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語質(zhì)量調(diào)研英語試卷考生注意：考試時(shí)間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyHastheGreatWallPreservedSoWell?TheGreatWall,asymbolofancientcivilization,stretchesacrossnorthernChina.Despiteitsgrandeur,(1)__________remainstodayisonlyapartofitsformerself,duetothewearanddamagecausedbytimeandnature.However,arecentdiscoveryrevealsthatnature(2)__________mightbeplayingacrucialroleinpreservingthishistoricalwonder.Thinlayersofbacteriaandotherorganisms,knownasbiocrusts,havebeenconsidered(3)__________(protect)sectionsoftheGreatWall,shelteringitfromwindandrain,andotherdestructiveelements.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvanceshighlightsthesignificantrolethese“l(fā)ivingskins”playinconservingthisancientarchitecturalmarvel.(4)__________advancesintechnologyandresearch,scientistsarenowexploringthepotentialofcultivatingnewbiocruststopreventfurtherdegradationoftheWall.NicholeBarger,anecologist,praisesthestudyas“innovativeandcreative”,notingthattheprotectiveeffectsofbiocrusts(5)__________(gain)increasingrecognitioninrecentyears.Itisacknowledgedthatdrylandecosystems(6)__________(stabilize)andsoilerosion(侵蝕)ispreventedbythesebiologicallayers.(7)__________themorefamoussectionsoftheGreatWallareconstructedfromstonesorbricks,otherpartswerebuiltusingpackedsoil.Yet,thesamepackedsoilscanalsohostbiocrusts,(8)__________coverabout12%oftheEarth’slandsurface,particularlyindryregionslikenorthernChina.Thesebiocrustsvaryinform,(9)__________(range)fromthinbacterialnetworkstothickerlayersoflichen(青苔).SoilscientistBoXiaofromtheChinaAgriculturalUniversity,alongwithhiscolleagues,conductedastudytoinvestigatetheroleofbiocrustsinpreservingtheGreatWall.Theirresearchrevealedthatbiocrusts,primarily(10)__________(compose)ofmossorbacteria,coveredmorethantwo-thirdsoftheWall’ssurfaceintheareastheyexamined.Bystudyingthephysicalproperties,theymadeasignificantdiscovery.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accents B.acquire C.boundaries D.fulfill E.guidelinesF.liberally G.precisely H.priority I.prospect J.schedule K.suspectFindYourLife’sWorkEveryonehastheirownlifevalues.Youwonderwhatyourvocationisandwhereyoucouldsuccessfully(10)__________yourpotential?Herearesometips.TurnPassionintoProfitDonot(12)__________thisstatement:findsomethingyoulikeandyouwon’thavetoworkaday.Thereisnobetter(13)__________thangettinggoodmoneyforyourhobby.So,thinkaboutwhatyoureallyliketodoevenforfree.Evenifyouonlylovetoplayonlinegamesandtastedeliciousfood,youcangoforcookingortasting,gamedevelopmentorgointoe-sports,startathematicblog—asyoucansee,therearealotofoptions.ImagineanIdealWorldAnotherwaytounderstandwhatismostimportanttoyouistoreflectonwhatanidealworldshouldlooklike.Perhapsyourpurposeis(14)__________tobringtherealworldclosertothisidealimage.Don’tlimityourselfto(15)__________.Letgooffantasyandletyourselfjustdream.Writedownanythoughtsthatcometomind.Payattentiontoallthedetailsand(16)__________,andthenthinkabouthowtotranslatethemintoreality.RecallYourBestMomentsTodetermineyourtop(17)__________,thinkaboutthemomentsinwhichyouexperiencedthegreatestjoy.Whathasgivenyouthemostsatisfactioninthepast?Takealittletimeandrememberallthetimeswhenyouweresincerelyglad.So,youwillunderstandwhatyourmain(18)__________areatthisstageoflife.CreateaRoadmapYou’veidentifiedyourgoals.Now,developadetailedplan,likedrawingamapfromyourcurrentlifetoyourdesiredfuture.FindthebestroutefrompointAtopointB.Thinkaboutwhatskillsyouneedto(19)__________andwhatdailyhabitsareworthaddingtoyourlife.Themorespecificpointsyouputonthemap,theeasieritwillbeto(20)__________themandstartmovingtowardsyourgoal.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InIndonesia,researchersrecentlycapturedaremarkablebehavioronvideo.AwildapenamedRakus,withadeepwoundonhischeek,wasseen__21__akindofleaves,chewingthemup,andapplyingthemtohisinjury.Surprisingly,thewoundhealedwithoutinfection.Studiesrevealthattheseplantshavemedicalproperties,whichlikely__22__hisrecovery.Rakus’sactionsdemonstrateadeepunderstandingofbotany—aknowledgeofplantsfewhumans__23__today.Althoughourcollectiveknowledgeofplantsciencegrows,individual__24__ofplantsisdeclining.Inmodernlife,whilewestilldependonplantsforsurvival,fewerpeoplefinditnecessarytoknowmuchaboutthem__25__.Mostofusrelyonbotaniststoidentifyandunderstandplants,trustingtheirexpertise(專門知識(shí))toensureourwellbeing.However,thenumberofprofessionalbotanistsisshrinking,andthis__26__hasraisedconcernswithinthefield.TheNationalCenterforEducationStatisticssoundedanearlyalarmin2015,notingthatthenumberofbotanydegreesawardedintheUnitedStateshadfallenbelow400.Whilethatnumberhassince__27__slightly,with489degreesawardedin2023,thenumberofinstitutionsofferingbotanydegreescontinuestodecline,from76in2002to59in2023.“BotanyPh.Ds.aredisappearing,”saysKathrynParsley,abiologistwhofocusesonplantsbutdidn’tpursueabotanydegreeduetolimited__28__.Fundingshiftsareaprimaryfactorleadingtobotany’sdecline.TheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__29__,hasmoveditsfundingprioritiesawayfromtraditionalbotany,__30__appliedscienceswitheconomicpotential.This__31__impactsuniversityfundingdecisions,leadingmanyschoolstoreduceoreliminatebotanyprograms.Thedeclining__32__inbotanyisfurtherdrivenby“plantblindness,”aphenomenonwherepeopleignoreplantsintheirenvironment,failingtorecognizetheirimportance.IntheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom,asbotanyprofessorsretire,theyareoftennot__33__,leavingagapinplantexpertise.This__34__couldbecomeapressingissue,particularlyinsectorslikeecologicalrestoration,whereplantidentificationskillsarecrucial.Whilesomebotanistsbelievethefieldisevolvingratherthandisappearing,thedemandforplantknowledgeremainscritical.Proposedlegislation,suchastheBotanyBillintheU.S.,seekstopreserveplantexpertise.__35__,thechallengeofmaintainingessentialplantskillspersists,highlightingtheurgentneedtorecognizeandaddressthevalueofbotany.A.covering B.absorbing C.harvesting D.skippingA.accountedfor B.putoff C.tookon D.resultedfromA.revise B.enhance C.subscribe D.possessA.sampling B.understanding C.occupation D.organizationA.personally B.originally C.naturally D.joyfullyA.greed B.tradition C.impression D.trendA.endured B.stimulated C.recovered D.discountedA.edition B.availability C.research D.conservationA.forinstance B.forsure C.incase D.ontheotherhandA.channeling B.equipping C.favoring D.blockingA.entry B.combination C.comparison D.shiftA.interest B.emergence C.intention D.evidenceA.invited B.replaced C.registered D.involvedA.launch B.shortage C.motive D.patternA.Hence B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.NeverthelessSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)SummerhillThisisastoryofamodernschool—Summerhill.Summerhillbeganasanexperimentalschool.Itisnolongersuch;itisnowademonstrationschool,foritdemonstratesthatfreedomworks.WhenmywifeandIbegantheschool,wehadonemainphilosophy:tomaketheschoolfitthechild—insteadofmakingthechildfittheschool.Obviously,aschoolthatmakesactivechildrensitatdesksstudyingmostlyuselesssubjectsisabadschool.Itisagoodschoolonlyforthosewhobelieveinsuchaschool,forthoseuncreativecitizenswhowantobedient,uncreativechildrenwhowillfitintoacivilizationwhosestandardofsuccessisfameandfortune.Ihadtaughtinordinaryschoolsformanyyears.Iknewtheotherwaywell.Iknewitwasallwrong.Itwaswrongbecauseitwasbasedonanadultconceptionofwhatachildshouldbeandofhowachildshouldlearn.Well,wesetouttomakeaschoolinwhichweshouldallowchildrenfreedomtobethemselves.Inordertodothis,wehadtoabandonalldisciplines,alldirections,allsuggestions,allmoraltraining,andallreligiousinstructions.Wehavebeencalledbrave,butitdidnotrequirecourage.Allitrequiredwaswhatwehad—acompletebeliefinthechildasagood,notanevil,being.Myviewisthatachildisbornwiseandrealistic.Iflefttohimselfwithoutadultsuggestionsofanykind,hewilldevelopasfarasheiscapableofdeveloping.Logically,Summerhillisaplaceinwhichpeoplewhohavetheinherentabilityandwishtobescholarswillbescholars;whilethosewhoareonlyfittosweepthestreetswillsweepthestreets.Butwehavenotproducedastreetcleanersofar.NordoIwritethissnobbishly(勢利的),forIwouldratherseeaschoolproduceahappystreetcleanerthanananxiousscholar.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastheprimaryideabehindstartingSummerhillSchool?A.Toensurestudentsbecomehappyscholars.B.Tofocusonmoralandreligiousinstructions.C.Tomaketheschooladapttotheneedsofeachchild.D.Tomakechildrensuitablefortheexistingsocialsystem.ThefoundersofSummerhillSchoolbelievethatchildren__________.A.needstrictdisciplinetobesuccessfulB.arenaturallywiseandrealisticC.shouldfocusprimarilyonreligiouseducationD.aremorecreativewithadultguidanceWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.SummerhillSchoolusesauniqueeducationalapproachcenteredongivingchildrenfreedom.B.SummerhillSchoolbelieveseverychildhasthepotentialtobecomeasuccessfulscholar.C.SummerhillSchoolrejectsstrictdisciplineandfocusesonachild-centeredenvironment.D.SummerhillSchoolchallengesthetraditionalmodelbyemphasizingchildren’sindependence.Whydoestheauthormentionpreferringa“happystreetcleaner”toan“anxiousscholar”?A.Toencouragestudentstoavoidbecomingworriedscholars.B.Toemphasizethatstreetcleanersarehappierthanscholars.C.Tohighlighttheimportanceofastress-freeandenrichinglife.D.TodemonstratethatSummerhillcareslessaboutacademicachievements.(B)Thefollowingtextsexploredifferentperspectivesonthetopicofreducingworkhours.Asyouread,considertheargumentsandevidencepresentedtounderstandthecomplexitiesofthisissue.“Reducingworkhourscanactuallyboostproductivity.Studiesshowthatemployeeswitha4-dayworkweekaremorefocusedandefficient.Withfewerhours,workersspendlesstimeonnon-productiveactivities,experiencinglessburnoutandhigherjobsatisfaction.Thetraditional40-hourworkweekisoutdated;itdoesn’tfitwithtoday’sfast-pacedworkenvironmentsormentalhealthneeds.Companiesimplementingshorterweekshaveseenuptoa20%increaseinproductivity,indicatingthatqualityoftensurpassesquantity.”——Dr.MariaThompson,BehavioralEconomist“Cuttingworkhourssoundsappealing,butit’snotfeasibleacrossallindustries.Somesectors,likehealthcareandmanufacturing,requireconstantcoverage.Reducinghourscouldleadtostaffshortages,increasedcosts,andaheavierworkloadforremainingemployees.Noteveryjoborpersonfitsintoareduced-hoursmodel.Whiletheremaybeproductivitygainsinspecificcases,generalizingthisapproachcouldharmoverallworkforcestabilityandprofitability.Wemustconsiderbotheconomicrealitiesandthevaryingneedsacrossindustries.”——ProfessorJohnBaker,LaborRelationsExpert“Thedebateovershorterworkweekshasbecomeahottopic,withadvocatespointingtomentalhealthandproductivitybenefits,whileopponentswarnofpracticalandeconomicchallenges.Whilethe4-dayworkweekworksforsome,itmaynotbeaone-size-fits-allsolution.Abalancebetweenflexibleschedulesandorganizationalneedsmayultimatelyofferthebestpathforward.”——CommentaryfromIndustryJournalWorkforceWeeklyWhatisthemainargumentpresentedbyDr.MariaThompson?A.Employeeswithshorterworkweeksarelessproductive.B.Thetraditional40-hourworkweekisstillhighlyeffective.C.Reducingworkhourscanincreaseefficiencyandjobsatisfaction.D.Shorterworkhourscanleadtoincreasedburnoutandinefficiency.WhatconcerndoesProfessorJohnBakerraiseaboutreducingworkhours?A.Itwilldecreaseproductivityacrossallindustries.B.Itmayleadtohigherexpensesandstaffshortage.C.Employeeswillbegrantedtoomuchfreetime.D.Thementalhealthofemployeeswillworsen.Basedonthetexts,whymightsomecompaniesresistadoptinga4-dayworkweek?A.Theyareconcerneditcouldreduceoverallproductivity.B.Theybelieveallemployeespreferatraditionalschedule.C.Theyfeelitunnecessarygivencurrentmentalhealthtrends.D.Theyworryitwon'tworkforindustriesrequiringconstantstaffing.(C)Arthasalwaysoccupiedaspecialplaceinsociety.Manypeopleconsiderartiststobetheultimateauthoritiesonthenatureandexpressionofbeauty.Formuchofhistory,thepracticeofartwasmysterious,andartistswereviewedasbeingsomewhatoddandoftenmad.Eventhewordmostcommonlyassociatedwithartists—inspiration—hasitsownmagicalqualities.Literally,“inspiration”isthebreathinginofaspirit.Artistswerethoughtofaspeoplewhowereuniquelyinspiredtocreate.Ofcourse,artistscontributedtothismythology(神話).Manyartistscreditedtheirtalentstothepresenceofsomesupernaturalpower.Wholemovementsofarthavecenteredonthesupposedlyotherworldlynatureofart.Forexample,theRomanticpoetsbelievedthatartwasatermthatmeantanultimateexpressionofbeautyandtruth.Thesearchforthisidealledthemtoexplorebothnaturalandsupernaturalthemesintheirworks.Anotherpersistentviewofartregardeditsdivorcefromlogic.Reasonandlogicweretheprovinceofscientistsandphilosophers,whereascreativityandinsightweretheareaoftheartists.Thetwoseparateaspectsofthemindweresupposedtoremaindistinct.Butin1704,amajorbreakthroughoccurred.SirIsaacNewton,mathematicianandphysicist,publishedhisstudyoflight,Opticks.OneofNewton’smajordiscoverieswasonthenatureofcolor.Usingaprism(棱鏡),Newtonfoundthatwhitelightisactuallycomposedofallthecolorsoftherainbow.Heevenprovidedascientificexplanationforthepresenceofrainbows.Theartisticcommunitywasshocked.Ascientisthadtakenabeautifulandmagicalexperienceandreducedittothesimplerefractionofbeamsoflightthroughtheprismofaraindrop.Ascientisthadventuredintotheirsacredterritory.Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducingbeautyby“unweavingtherainbow.”Hiscolleague,SamuelTaylorColeridge,famouslyremarkedthatthesoulsoffivehundredNewtonswouldbeneededtomakeoneShakespeare.Andyet,fromanotherperspective,Newtondidnotreducethebeautyoftherainbow;heenhancedit.Inhissearchtouncoverthesecretsoftherainbow,Newtondemonstratedthewonder,creativity,andinspirationofanartist.Healsogavetheworldanotheropportunitytoexperiencethesublime(絕妙).Newton’sdiscoverypavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthescienceofspectroscopy,awayofanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoflight.Nowscientistscanlookatthestarsandknowtheircomposition.Thesenseofwonderthisabilitycreatesisnotmuchdifferentfromthewonderthepoetorartistfeelswhenstaringatthosesamestars.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthecommonviewofartistsinhistory?A.Artistswereconsideredlogicalandrational.B.Artistswereseenasinspiredandsomewhatstrange.C.Artistswereprimarilyfocusedonscientificdiscovery.D.Artistswerethoughttobewithoutanysupernaturalbeliefs.HowdidtheRomanticpoetsreacttoNewton'sdiscoveryaboutlightandcolor?A.Theybelieveditaddedanewdimensiontotheappreciationofbeauty.B.TheycreditedNewton'sinsightstomysticalinfluences.C.Theywereinspiredtointegratemorescientificthemesintheirpoetry.D.Theyfeltitfadedthepoeticbeautyofnaturalphenomena.WhydoestheauthormentionJohnKeats’andSamuelTaylorColeridge’sviewsonIsaacNewton?A.Toemphasizethesuperiorcreativityofpoetsoverscientists.B.Tohighlighttheimpactofscientificdiscoveriesonartisticperception.C.TostatethatShakespeare’sknowledgeofbeautywasunmatched.D.ToshowthatRomanticpoetsobjectedtoscientificprogress.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheArtisticInterpretationofScienceB.TheContrastbetweenArtandLogicsC.TheInterplayofArtandScienceD.IsaacNewton’sInfluenceonArtsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.However,itisnotacomparisonthatthe11-year-oldisparticularlykeenon.B.Interestingly,itwasoftenduringunexpectedmomentsthatabeautifulmelodysuddenlycametoher.C.Deutscher’smostambitiousworkhasenabledtheaudiencetoseehertalent.D.Insteadoftheglassslipperofthefairytale,theprincelooksforalostmelodyhecannotquiteremember.E.TheworkreinventedtheCinderellafairytaletobesetinanoperahouseruledbyameanstepmother.F.Shenevergotnervousonstage,asshewasjusthappythatpeoplewantedtolistentohermusic.LittleMissMozartAn11-year-oldBritishcomposerearnedcomparisonswithMozartafterheroperaopenedinViennatoenthusiasticapplause.AlmaDeutscher,wholivedinSurreywithherparents,wasalreadyworld-famousasaviolinistandpianistbeforeherfirstfull-lengthoperamadeitsfirstperformanceontheAustrianstage.47CinderellawasacomposerwhomDeutscherdescribedas“abitlikeme”.DeutschersaidmuchofthemusicalinspirationbehindCinderellaandothercompositionscamewhenhermindwaselsewhere.DuringaninterviewwithNBC’sTodayshow,sheexplainedthattryingtocreatebeautifulmelodiesondemandoftenresultedinablankmind.48Theoperaistwoandahalfhourslongwiththemusicalscorerunningto237pages.49Deutschersaidtheprincehavingtoaskwhosefootwouldfittheslipperdidn’tmakemuchsense.Lotsofpeoplemighthavethesamesizedfoot,butonlyonepersoncouldhavewrittenthatmelody.ConductorSimonRattledeclaredhewas“absolutelybowledover”whenhefirstsawherperform,butitwasStephenFrywhofirstpredictedthatDeutschercouldbethisgeneration’sMozart,afterwatchingavideoofherperformingonline.50Soshesaid,“IloveMozartverymuch.He’sprobablymyfavoritecomposer,butIdon’treallylikeitwhenpeoplecallme‘LittleMissMozart’becauseIdon’tlikebeingcalled‘little’.I’mverybig,andsecondly,ifIjustwroteeverythingMozartwroteagainitwouldbeboring.”SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.ThePriceofWinningFourteen-year-oldAngussitsonthebench,watchinghisbaseballteamplay.He’soutofthegamebecausehemadeamistake.Forhiscoach,that’sunacceptable—mistakesdon’twingames.Butformostteens,thefocusonwinningisn’tasimportant.Inarecentstudy,90%ofteenagerssaidtheywouldratherplayandlosethansitonthesidelinesandnotplayatall.Forthem,sportsareaboutfun,learning,andbeingpartofateam.However,formanycoachesandparents,winningiseverythingandtheyexpectperfectionfromyoungplayers.Unfortunately,thispressuretowindrivesmanykidsawayfromorganizedsportsearlyon.Incompetitiveevents,nearlyeveryactionaplayermakesisexamined.Parentsandcoachesconstantlyshoutinstructions,sometimesyellingatkidsforerrorsormissedshots.Thisintenseenvironmentdoesn’tletkidsmaketheirownchoicesorlearnfromtheirmistakes.Insteadofenjoyingthegame,youngplayersfeelwatchedandjudgedeverysecond.Theylosethefreedomtoexploretheirabilitiesanddevelopnaturallyasathletesandindividuals.Theemphasisonwinningcreatesdeeperissues,too.Manykidsfeelanxiousbecausethey’reonlypraisedforscoringgoalsorwinningraces,notfortryinghardorimproving.Overtime,thisfocusonresultscanharmtheirself-confidence,especiallyifthey’reoftenbenched.Theystarttobelievethey’reonlyvaluableiftheyperformperfectly,whichcanmakesportsfeellikeaburdeninsteadofajoy.Twomonthslater,Angusisbackplayingbaseball—butnotonateam.He’sattheparkwithfriends,playingjustforfun,andhe’smuchhappier.Thisraisesanimportantquestion:Howmanypotentialchampionswillquitsportsunlessadultschangetheirattitude?Foryoungathletestothrive,theyneedsupportandencouragement,notthepressuretoalwayswin.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninth