專題10 閱讀理解-主旨大意題、推理判斷題（解析版）

閱讀技巧--主旨大意題、推理判斷題主旨大意題考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文主題思想或全文梗概的掌握和理解情況的題目,叫主旨大意題。(一)主旨大意類題目常見的設(shè)問方式1.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?4.Thewritermeanstotellusthat.

5.Themainidea/pointofthepassageisthat.

6.Thepassageismainlyabout.

7.Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

8.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith.

9.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?11.Thebesttitle/headline(標(biāo)題)forthepassageis.

(二)主題句段落的主題通常由被稱為主題句(TopicSentence)的句子來表示。主題句有兩個(gè)功能:①介紹段落的主題(Topic);②闡述控制概念(Controllingidea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子討論的內(nèi)容。主題句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶爾在一段中間。我們?cè)陂喿x非故事性文章如科普文章的時(shí)候,主題句尤其明顯。有的文章無明顯的主題句,主題句隱含在段意之中。1.主題句位于段首主題句位于段首是由作者先立論,后擺事實(shí)、講道理的寫作手法形成的。這種段落稱作演繹型段落。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明,在英語議論文或說明文中,有60%~90%的主題句是段落的第一句。(1)尋找主題句有些段落,有明顯的引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞,常見的信息詞有:forexample,anexampleof,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。在閱讀中,應(yīng)盡量利用上述信息詞確定主題句的位置。從該段落中的forexample可以斷定,第一句是主題句。如果無明顯的信息詞,可先假設(shè)第一句為主題句,在第二句前面添加一個(gè)forexample,看看第二句是否可以支撐第一句話,如果第二句不能支撐第一句話,便在其他地方找出主題句。(2)選擇答案先徹底弄懂主題句的句意,然后閱讀A、B、C、D四選項(xiàng),選擇與主題句句意相吻合的答案,如主題句的再現(xiàn),主題句句意的復(fù)述或推論等,排除與主題句句意無關(guān)的答案,如支撐細(xì)節(jié)和文章中未曾闡述的事實(shí)等。2.主題句位于段末主題句位于段末是作者采用了先擺事實(shí),后做結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。3.主題句位于段落的中間主題句偶爾也出現(xiàn)在段落的中間,但不一定就在正中間。有時(shí),第一句并非主題句,而是承上啟下的過渡句。在這種情況下,第二句便成了主題句。此外,主題句也可能是段落的倒數(shù)第二句。推理判斷題推理判斷題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。推理判斷題問句中常含有suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等詞,或提問中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的詞,如probably,mostlikely等。(一)解題思路做推理判斷類試題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義,以及作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作出合理的猜測(cè)和推論。關(guān)鍵是:意思要靠推斷得出,而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容;明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及其寫作該文的目的;分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息;注意詞匯在詞典里的定義和詞典以外的含義;最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理,挖出文章的伏筆,得出正確的推論。這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算,從而得出某些作者并未說明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體來說,考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.首先注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知,推斷未知,遵循“詞不離句,句不離段,段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆想,憑空想象,隨意揣測(cè),更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。2.要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索,這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷,考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工,由表及里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從特殊到一般,通過分析、綜合、判斷等,進(jìn)行深層處理。不能就事論事,斷章取義,以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系,了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào),揣摩作者的態(tài)度,摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性問題時(shí),一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷,還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning的方法,迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍,然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想做推斷時(shí),則常常要縱覽全篇文章。(二)解題方法1.抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息,即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷,利用逆向思維或正面推理,從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。2.整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷做推理題時(shí),有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上,整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息,綜合起來去推理判斷,確定最佳結(jié)論。3.利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定褒貶性,這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖,因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握文意主旨的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子,對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨,了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化,從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。4.根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定,對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間,或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此,在推斷過程中,應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。5.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論,而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí),應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路,預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫,也可按因果關(guān)系,對(duì)比關(guān)系來描寫。6.結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題,不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。五、文章結(jié)構(gòu)題推理判斷題的一種特殊設(shè)題形式。考查文章的整體篇章結(jié)構(gòu)或某一段落的發(fā)展層次。這類考題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序、所說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu)層次。在中考題中,這是一種較為新穎的考查方式。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的設(shè)題方式有:a.Whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing?

b.Whichofthefollowingpicturesshowsthestructureofthepassage?c.Inthenextpart,theauthorwouldmostprobablytalkabout.

六、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題推理判斷題的又一種特殊設(shè)題形式。考查作者的寫作意圖、對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度和對(duì)事件的評(píng)價(jià)。態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題的設(shè)題方式有:a.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?/Thepurposeofthepassageis.

b.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?c.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoward...?解題方法:通讀全文,尋找判斷依據(jù),揣摩作者的思路,得出結(jié)論。隨堂練習(xí)一WhenIvisitedmycousininOhiolastspring,shegavemeakeepsakethatIwouldtreasureforever.ItwasasmallbooktitledTheGateofPearl.Thisbeautifullittlenovelwasboundinasoftleathercoverwithapicturewonderfullyetchedingoldonthefront.AsIheldthebookinmyhandforthefirsttime,Inoticedthatthepicturewasoftwoangel-likewomenwhowereholdingalargecircleonwhichtheword“Love”waswritten.Therewererayscomingfromit,makingitappeartoshine.Iopenedthebookcarefully.Thebookwasveryold,andthepageswerebrownandfragile.Idiscoveredthatthisbookwaswrittenin1869.However,theamazingthingwasthatthisdearbookoncebelongedtomygreat-greatAuntKatie,whowasbornin1860.In1872,shesignedhernameinneatcursivewritinginsidethefrontcoverandnow,morethan100yearslater,Iwasholdingthispreciousheirloominmyhand.Iopenedapageandreadasentenceortwo.“Weareonlyseparatedbytime,mychild.Keepyourheartfilledwithlove.”Atthatmoment,IknewAuntKatiehadjusttouchedmylife.1.WhichisTRUEaboutthebookTheGateofPearl?A.Itcameoutlastspring. B.ItwaswritteninOhio.C.Itwasfromthewriter’scousin. D.Itwaswrittenbythewriter’sgreat-greatAuntKatie.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Theword“Love”. B.Thebookcover.C.Thecircle. D.Thegoldpicture.3.gavemethebookTheGateofPearl?

A.Thewriterofthebook B.ThewriterC.MyAuntKatie D.Mycousin4.Whatdidthewriterthinkofthebook?A.Itwasamazing. B.Itwastoooldtoread.C.Itwasaneducationalbook. D.Itwasapreciousheirloom.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriter’scousindidn’ttreasurethebook.B.ThewriterrespectedandlovedAuntKatie.C.AuntKatiewrotethebookover100yearsago.D.AuntKatiewasborninOhioin1872.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。定位到短文第一段。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句WhenIvisitedmycousin...shegavemea...ItwasasmallbooktitledTheGateofPearl.可知,這本書是作者的表姐贈(zèng)送的,選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)這本書的正確描述。干擾項(xiàng)排除:由第一句WhenIvisitedmycousin...lastspring...可知,去年春天是作者拜訪表姐的時(shí)間,而不是這本書的出版時(shí)間,所以排除選項(xiàng)A;由第一句WhenIvisitedmycousininOhio...可知,作者的表姐在俄亥俄州,而不是這本書寫于俄亥俄州,故排除選項(xiàng)B;短文并沒有提到書的作者是誰,只是Katie姨母在這本書上簽過名,故排除選項(xiàng)D。【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干定位:由題干中的theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraph定位到短文第二段。根據(jù)第二段中的...onwhichtheword“Love”waswritten.可以判斷,兩個(gè)it都指的是theword“Love”,故選A?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段前兩句可知,當(dāng)我去看望表姐時(shí),她送我紀(jì)念品,是一本書,故選D?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】推理判斷題。由短文第三段的Iwasholdingthispreciousheirloominmyhand可推知,作者把這本書當(dāng)作傳家寶,故選D。【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一段可知,作者讀了一兩句話,并認(rèn)為“那一刻,我知道Katie姨母觸動(dòng)了我的生活”。由此可推斷,作者珍視這本書,尊敬、愛戴Katie姨母。所以B項(xiàng)為正確答案。二Ifyou’reakidwholikestohavefunandchatwithfriendsonline,here’sadviceonhowyoucanstaysafeandavoidproblems.★Visitsaferwebsites.Yourparentsandteacherscanguideyoutothebestwebsites.Somewebsiteshaveagerestrictions,soyoumightbetemptedtolieaboutyourage.It’ssafertotellthetruthandavoidthosewebsitesuntilyou’reolder.★Guardyourpasswords.Youcansetyourownpasswords.Passwordsareyoursecret.It’sdangeroustotellyourpasswordstoothers.So,don’tshareyourpasswordswithanyoneexceptyourparents.★L(fēng)imitwhatyoushare.Nevertellastrangerwhereyouliveoryourphonenumber.Ifyou’renotsurewhetheryoushouldsharesomething,askaparent.Rememberthatanythingyouputonlineisthereforever,evenifyoutrytodeleteit.Ifyoudon’twantyourclasstoknoworseesomething,youshouldn’tshareitwithanyoneonline,notevenyourbestfriends.★Bechoosyaboutyouronlinefriends.Somewebsitesletkidsmakelotsoffriendswithpeopletheydon’tknow.Butonlinefriendsarenotthesameasrealin-personfriends.Neveragreetomeetanonlinefriendinpersonorgiveoutpersonalinformation.It’sdangerousbecausesomepeoplepretendtobekidsonlinebutactuallyarebadadults.1.Whichsuggestionisaboutpasswords?A.Thefirstone. B.Thesecondone.C.Thethirdone. D.Thefourthone.2.Theunderlinedword“choosy”probablymeans“”inChinese.

A.挑剔的 B.寬松的 C.嚴(yán)厲的 D.認(rèn)真的3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Therearen’tanywebsiteswhichhaveagerestrictions.B.Youshouldnevertellyourparentsaboutyourpasswords.C.Youcannevertellstrangersaboutyourpersonalinformation.D.Onlinefriendsarethesameasrealin-personfriends.4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.encouragestudentstousetheInternetmoreoftenB.teachstudentshowtomakemorefriendsC.askstudentstosetsafepasswordsonlineD.tellstudentshowtostaysafeonline5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe“”.

A.OnlineSafety B.SafeWebsitesC.PasswordSafety D.OnlineFriends【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干定位:根據(jù)題干中的passwords可定位到文章的第三段。根據(jù)本段的描述可知,第二個(gè)建議和密碼有關(guān),故答案為B。【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干定位:根據(jù)題干中的choosy可定位到文章的最后一段。畫線詞是choosy,結(jié)合本段的描述以及構(gòu)詞法可推斷,我們要對(duì)網(wǎng)上的朋友精挑細(xì)選,有所取舍,故choosy的含義是“挑剔的”?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Nevertellastrangerwhereyouliveoryourphonenumber.”可知,你不能告訴陌生人你的個(gè)人信息,故選項(xiàng)C是正確的描述?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,本文的寫作目的是“告訴學(xué)生如何在上網(wǎng)時(shí)保證自己的安全”,故答案為D。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。本文講的是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全”方面的話題,故合適的選項(xiàng)是A。干擾項(xiàng)排除:選項(xiàng)B的含義是“安全的網(wǎng)址”,選項(xiàng)C的含義是“密碼安全”,選項(xiàng)D的含義是“網(wǎng)友”,它們分別是第二段、第三段和第五段的段落大意,并不是全文的主旨大意,因此都是可以排除的干擾項(xiàng)。三Whydozebrashavestripes(條紋)?Scientistsmighthavetheanswer.Theysaythestripesseemtoconfuseflies.Theyarelesslikelytobitezebras.Scientistsdidanewstudy.Theystudiedhorses.Theystudiedzebras.Theyalsostudiedhorsesdressedaszebras.Thescientistslearnedthatstripesmighthelptostopinsects.Thestudyalsohelpedfindoutwhy.MartinHowisascientist.Heworkedonthestudy.Hesaidtheywatchedhorseflies.Theywatchedhowhorsefliesactedaroundninehorsesandthreezebras.Horsefliesflewaroundtheanimalsandthenmoreflieslandedonthehorses.Fewerflieslandedonthezebras.Thescientistswantedtoknowwhy.Sothescientistsdidatest.Theyputblack,whiteandzebra-stripedcoatsonsevenhorses.Thefliesdidnotlandonthezebra-stripedcoatasmuchastheothers.Thestripesdidnotconfusefliesfromfaraway,thescientistssaid.Itonlyworkedwhenthefliesgotclose.Thefliescannotseeverywell.Thatmightbethereason.Mr.Howsaidthatzebrascomefrompartsoftheworldwherefliesareabiggerproblem.Theycarrybaddiseases.Horsesaredifferentfromzebras.Theyhavelivedindifferentenvironments.Diseasesfromfliesarenotsobadthere,hesaid.Headdedthatthismightnotbethefullstory.Scientiststhinkstripescouldhaveotheruses.Theycouldhelpzebrashide.Theycouldevenbepartofhowzebrascommunicatewitheachother.1.Whatdoestheword“confuse”meaninParagraph1?A.Attract. B.Puzzle. C.Clear. D.Catch.2.Scientistsputzebra-stripedcoatsonthehorsesto.

A.seeifthestripeskeepfliesawayB.protectthehorsesfrombaddiseasesC.provethatthehorseslooklikezebrasD.keepfliesfromflyingaroundthehorses3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”refertoinParagraph4?A.Horses. B.Flies. C.Zebras. D.Butterflies.4.Whydoscientistswanttolearnmoreaboutzebras’stripes?A.Becausetheywanttostudyzebras’livingenvironment.B.Becausetheywanttomakenewzebra-stripedclothing.C.Becausetheythinkstripescouldhelpzebrashideorcommunicate.D.Becausetheythinkstripesmightcausezebrastogetseriousdiseases.5.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ASpecialSurveyB.TheZebraandtheHorseC.TheSecretsofZebras’StripesD.TheInfluenceoftheEnvironment1.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由該詞的后一句(蒼蠅較少咬斑馬)可知,confuse意為迷惑?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段的內(nèi)容可推出,科學(xué)家把條紋外套披在馬身上是想看看條紋是否會(huì)讓蒼蠅遠(yuǎn)離。【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由該詞前一句“fliesareabiggerproblem”可知they指flies?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】推理判斷題。由文章最后兩句可知答案。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。由文章的主要內(nèi)容(科學(xué)家研究斑馬的條紋)可知答案。四Studyingdifferentlanguagesincreasesourunderstandingofhowhumanscommunicateandtheirdifferentcultures.However,almost80%ofthepeopleintheworldspeakonly1%ofitslanguages.Every14daysalanguagedies.By2100,halfofthemorethan7,000languagesspokenonEarthtodaymaydisappear.Throughouthistory,thelanguagesofdominant(統(tǒng)治的)groupshavespreadwhilethelanguagesofnativecultureshavebecomeextinct.Thishappensbecauseofgovernmentlanguagepolicies,orbecausethedominantlanguagebecomesmoreusefulineverydaylife.Furthermore,manyendangeredlanguagesarentwrittendown.Whenthelastspeakersofalanguagedieandtheirlanguagebecomesextinct,theirstories,songs,andotherimportantinformationarelost,too.CentralSouthAmericahassomeoftheworld’smostendangeredlanguages.TheKallawayapeoplespeakasecretlanguagethathasdetailsofthousandsofmedicalplants.Today,fewerthan100peoplespeakit.InCentralandEasternSiberia,manySiberianlanguagesnowhaveonlyafewelderlyspeakers.Yuchi,whichmaybeunrelatedtoanyotherlanguageintheworld,isoneofthemanynativelanguagesusedinOklahoma,theU.S.A.Itisdisappearingrapidly.In2010,onlyfiveelderlypeoplecouldspeakthislanguage.Luckily,nativeculturesaroundtheworldareusingmoderntechnologytohelpkeeptheirendangeredlanguagesandculturesalive.Communitiesarecreatingdictionariesandlibrariesbyusingpictures,video,andaudiotorecordthetraditionsofthelastspeakersoftheirlanguage.Iftheyoungpeopledon’tspeakandunderstandthewordsandstoriesoftheirancestors(祖先),thelanguagewilldie.Andwhenthelanguagedies,partoftheculturedies,too.1.Theunderlinedword“extinct”probablymeans.

A.繁榮 B.滅絕 C.古老 D.時(shí)尚2.WhatdothenativelanguagesinCentralSiberiaandOklahomahaveincommon?A.Bothofthemaresecretlanguages.B.Fewerpeoplecanspeakthemtoday.C.Theymaybeunrelatedtootherlanguages.D.Theyarebothspokenmainlybyteenagers.3.Tosavealanguage,itisthemostimportantfortolearnit.

A.youngpeople B.parentsC.scientists D.dominantgroups4.Whatarethereasonswhynativelanguagesdie?①thesmallnumberofspeakers②thewidespreadofthedominantlanguages③theuseofmoderntechnology④thelanguagepoliciesthegovernmentscarryoutA.①②③ B.①②④C.①③④ D.②③④5.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A.It’snecessarytostudymorelanguages.B.It’sgoodforpeopletospeakthesamelanguage.C.Preventingthelossoftheworld’slanguagesisimportant.D.Protectinglanguagesismoreimportantthanprotectingcultures.1.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。此處表示本土文化語言會(huì)滅絕?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的“afewelderlyspeakers”“fiveelderlypeople”可知答案?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第三句可知答案。【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段中的governmentlanguagepolicies和dominantlanguage以及第三段中的“語言消失是因?yàn)橹v的人更少了”可知選B?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】主旨大意題。由文章可知,本文呼吁人們保護(hù)正在消失的語言。五Inoneway,itisthe“greatest”droneever.Inanother,though,itistheoppositeofwhatadroneshouldbe.Dronesshouldbeverylazy.Theydon’thavetowork.Onlytheirsistersshouldbebusypollinating(給……傳授花粉)andproducinghoney.However,forthisdrone,pollinationistheveryreasonforitsexistence(存在).Thedrone,infact,isaninventionofEijiroMiyako.MiyakoisascientistfromJapan.Manypeople,includingMiyako,havebeenworriedaboutthefutureofthefoodindustry.Pollinatinginsects,especiallybees,arefallinginnumber.Asaresult,someplantscan’tgetpollinatedandtherewillbefewerplantsforustoeat.Scientistshavebeenworkinghardtoincreasethenumberofbees.Unfortunately,theyhavehadlittlesuccess.Perhaps,Miyakothinks,itistimetobuildsomerobotbeesinstead.Miyako’sbee,infact,doesnotlookmuchlikeabee.Itisbasedonaquadcopter.Miyakohasputsomebrushhairsonit.Thehairsarecoveredinspecialglue.Theyareabletopickupandholdgrainsofpollen(花粉)untiltheybrushupagainstsomethingelse.Atthemoment,Miyako’srobotbeestillneedshelpfromhumanoperators.That’sbecauseitcan’t“see”whereitstargets(目標(biāo))are.Inthenextstep,Miyakowillinstallvisualrecognition(視覺識(shí)別)softwareonhisbee.Afterthattherobotbeewillbeableto“see”byitself.1.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“drone”referstoakindof.

A.flower B.bee C.honey D.robot2.EijiroMiyakoisworriedthatinthefuture.

A.wemaybeshortoffood B.naturalbeesmaynotproducehoneyC.hisrobotbeecan’t“see” D.naturaldronescan’tpollinateplants3.EijiroMiyako’sinventionisusedto.

A.producehoney B.watchnaturalbeesworkC.pollinateplants D.increasethenumberofnaturalbees4.WhichofthefollowingisamustforEijiroMiyako’sinvention?A.Pollen. B.Dronesandtheirsisters.C.Brushhairs. D.Visualrecognitionsoftware.5.Accordingtothearticle,whatwillEijiroMiyakodointhenextstep?A.Producemorerobotbees.B.Fillhisgardenwithrobotbees.C.Allowrobotbeestopickuppollen.D.Makehisrobotbeesworkindependently.1.【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。從第一段中的Dronesshouldbeverylazy.Theydon’thavetowork.可知雄蜂很懶,它們不必工作,故此處的“drone”指真正的蜜蜂。【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的Asaresult,someplantscan’tgetpollinatedandtherewillbefewerplantsforustoeat.可知答案選A。【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段中的Theyareabletopickupandholdgrainsofpollenuntiltheybrushupagainstsomethingelse.可知答案?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段中的Miyakohasputsomebrushhairsonit.可知答案?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】推理判斷題。從第四段可知,“機(jī)器蜂”需要人的幫助,因此下一步研究應(yīng)當(dāng)是讓它們獨(dú)立工作。六Don’tbesurprisedifyouseeacargoingdowntheroadwithoutadriverinBeijingthesedays.Itmightbeoneofself-drivingcars.InMarch,2018,Baiduwasgivenalicensetotestitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing,ChinaDailyreported.Self-drivingcarshavebeenindevelopmentsince2010,whenGoogleannouncedthatitwasmakingsuchcars.Sincethen,companieslikeTesla,UberandBaiduhavebeenworkingtoproduceandtesttheirownself-drivingcars.Self-drivingcarsareexpectedtochangethewaywegetaround.Theyaresaferandmoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanregularcars.Theycanremovethestress(壓力)ofdrivingandallowdisabledorblindpeopletogetaroundmoreeasily.Butself-drivingcarshavetheirowndisadvantagesaswell.Inonetest,researcherspointedalaserpointer(激光棒)atthecarssensors(傳感器)whileitwasmoving.Thecarmistakenlythoughtthatthelaserbeam(激光束)wasinitswayandsloweddownorchangeddirections.“Thesoftware(軟件)thatisusedtodirectthecarsmaynotbesafeenough,”reportedLiveScience.Sometimes,withoutanyreasons,itmaybreakdownwhenweuseourcomputersorsmartphones.Ifthesoftwareinaself-drivingcarhappenedtocrash,theresultcouldbedeadly.Maybeimprovementstothesoftwarecouldsolvethisproblem.1.WhendidBaidugetatestinglicenseofitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing?A.InFebruary,2018. B.InMarch,2018.C.InApril,2018. D.InMay,2018.2.Whichcompanyhasfirstlydevelopedself-drivingcarssince2010?A.Google. B.Tesla. C.Uber. D.Baidu.3.Themovingcarmay,ifalaserbeamisinitsway.

A.stopitself B.hitothers C.slowdown D.moveon4.Theunderlinedword“crash”inParagraph5probablymeans“”.

A.崩潰 B.碰撞 C.暴跌 D.墜毀5.Thispassagemaycomefrom.

A.astorybook B.atravelguideC.asportsnewspaper D.asciencemagazine1.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的InMarch,2018,Baiduwasgivenalicensetotestitsself-drivingcarsinBeijing,ChinaDailyreported.可知答案。【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的Self-drivingcarshavebeenindevelopmentsince2010,whenGoogleannouncedthatitwasmakingsuchcars.可知答案?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Thecarmistakenlythoughtthatthelaserbeamwasinitswayandsloweddownorchangeddirections.可知答案?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由后面的deadly可知答案選A?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】推理判斷題。本文介紹的“無人駕駛小汽車”屬于科學(xué)范疇,故推知該文可能來自一本科學(xué)雜志。七WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentence,wordforword,intoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence＂Howdoyoudo?＂forexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatisyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagesdon’tjusthavedifferentsounds;theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’simportanttomastertherulesforthewordorderinthestudyofEnglish,too.Ifthespeakerputswordsinawrongorder,thelistenercan’tunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges.Butsometimeswhentheorderischanged,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.＂Sheonlylikesapples.＂＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂＂Ihaveseenthemoviealready.＂＂Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.＂WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespiritofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakerdoes.1.Thewriterthinksitis________inlearningEnglish.A.difficulttounderstanddifferentsoundsB.possibletorememberthewordorderC.importanttomastertherulesforthewordorderD.easytomastertherulesforthewordorder2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.themeaningofanEnglishsentencealwayschangeswiththeorderofthewordsB.theorderofwordscanneverchangethemeaningofanEnglishsentenceC.sometimesdifferentordersofwordshavedifferentmeaningsD.iftheorderofwordsisdifferent，themeaningofthesentencemustbedifferent3.＂Sheonlylikesapples.＂________A.isthesameas＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂B.isdifferentfrom＂Onlyshelikesapples.＂C.means＂Shelikesfruitexceptapples.＂D.means＂Shedoesn’tlikeapples.＂4.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.DifferentOrders，DifferentMeaningsB.HowtoSpeakEnglishC.HowtoPutFrenchintoOurOwnLanguageD.HowtoLearnEnglish1.【答案】C【解析】采用略讀法解題。由文章第二段可知，掌握單詞的順序規(guī)則是非常重要的。2.【答案】C【解析】采用對(duì)比排除法解題。由文章第二段可知,單詞順序變了,意思有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生變化,有時(shí)不會(huì)變。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有C項(xiàng)符合文意?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】由句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，only修飾限定謂語與only修飾限定主語所表示的意思不同。4.【答案】D【解析】本題采用總結(jié)歸納法解題。整篇文章敘述的是如何學(xué)英語，故選D。八Everyonefaceschallengesintheirlife,butsomearemoreimportantthanothers.DanielKishhadseriousproblemswithhiseyeswhenhewasborn.Anddoctorstookawaybothofhiseyesbeforehewasfourteenmonthsold.Soonafter,however,hestartedtodoanamazingthing.Hestartedtomakeclicking(咔嗒)soundswithhistongue(舌頭)tohelphimmovearound.Muchlikeabat(蝙蝠),henowmovesaboutusingsonar(聲吶).Heissogoodatitthathecanrideabicycleintraffic.Heandhisgroup,WorldAccessfortheBlind,teachothershowtousesonar.InthisinterviewwithNationalGeographic,Kishexplainshowtheprocessworks.Howdoessonarwork?“WhenImakeaclickingsound,itmakessoundwaves.Thesewavesreflect(反射)offsurfacesallaroundandreturntomyears.Mybrainthenprocessesthesoundsintoimages(圖像).It’slikehavingaconversationwiththeenvironment.”Whenyouclick,whatdoyouseeinyourmind?“Eachclickislikeacameraflash.Imakea3Dimageofthethingsaroundmeforhundredsoffeetineverydirection.”Whatisitlikeridingabikeusingsonar?“It’sexcitingandenjoyablebutrequiresalotoffocus.Iclickuptotwotimespersecond,muchmorethanIusuallydo.”Isitdangeroustomovearoundtheworldinthisway?“Muchoftheworldlivesinfearofthingsthatwemostlyimagine.Ihaveahabitofclimbinganythingandeverything,butIneverbrokeabone(骨頭)asakid.”Howchallengingisittoteachpeopletousesonar?“Manystudentsaresurprisedhowquicklyresultscome.Seeingisn’tintheeyes;it’sinthemind.”1.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Kishexplainshowsonarworks.B.Kishteachespeoplehowtousesonar.C.Kishstartedtomovearoundusingsonar.D.Kishisgoodatridingabicycleintraffic.2.Howdoessonarwork?Choosetherightorder.a.Thesoundwavesreflectoffsurfaces.b.Thepersonmakesaclickingsound.c.Thebrainmakesimageswiththesounds.d.Thesoundwavesreachtheperson’sears.A.b-a-c-d. B.b-d-a-c.C.a-b-d-c. D.b-a-d-c.3.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?A.Healwayschallengeshimselfbravely.B.Helivesinfearofthingsthatheimagines.C.Hebecameblindwhenhewas14yearsold.D.Hebrokehisbonewhenclimbingasachild.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowSonarWorks.B.RidingaBikeUsingSonar.C.SeeingwiththeMind.D.HowtheBlindMoveAround.1.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知,Kish開始做一件令人驚奇的事情,即利用聲吶四處走動(dòng),故選C。2.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段開頭的Howdoessonarwork?可知,本段講述了聲吶的作用過程。由其內(nèi)容可知,答案選D。3.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。通讀文章可知,Kish面對(duì)自己的不幸沒有怨天尤人,而是不斷想辦法去克服困難,勇敢面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。4.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知,“看”不在眼睛里,而是在心里。文章最后點(diǎn)題,升華了本文的主題,故選C。九Inmodernworld,mostpeoplehaveatleastonetime-tellingtoolwiththem,suchasmobilephones,MP5playersandminicomputers.Sincethesesmallmachinesaresocommon,willpeoplestopwearingthe500-year-oldwatches?Maybetheansweris＂yes＂.Accordingtoasurvey,mostteenagerssayit’sunnecessarytowearawatch.Theyusuallyusetheirmobilephonestotellthetime.However,watchmakerssaythatwatcheswillgetpopularagainwhenpeoplereachtheir20sand30s.Bythen,theywanttospendmoneyonacreative(有創(chuàng)意的)time-tellingtoolbecausetheythinkit’snotenoughifawatchcanjustkeepgoodtime,sowatchmakersaretryingtheirbesttocreatenewkindsofwatches.Recently,anewkindofwatcheshasbeeninvented.Itcanusedifferentcolorlightstotellthetime.Thiskindofwatchesmakespeopletalkmoreaboutmodernwatchesagain.Alsopeoplewanttheirtime-tellingtoolstobebeautiful,fashionableandpractical(實(shí)用的),sowatchesaredesigned(設(shè)計(jì))tomeettheneedofalmostanypersonality(個(gè)性).Nowmoreandmorewatchescanbeusedascompasses(指南針),calendarsandevenUSBdrives...Allinall,awatchhasbecomemoreimportantthanthetimeittells.1.Watcheswillget________againwhenpeoplereachtheir20sand30s.A.expensive B.small C.popular D.cheap2.Inthispassage,watchescanbeusedasdifferentkindsofthingsexcept________.A.compasses B.calendars[來源:學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)]C.USBdrives D.wallets3.Recently,anewkindofwatchesuses________totellthetimeaccordingtothepassage.A.differentcolorlights B.sound[來C.pictures D.music4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Mostpeoplewanttospendmoneyonmobilephones.B.Awatchhasbecomemoreimportantthanthetimeittells.C.Manywatchmakersareworriedabouttheirproducts.D.Fewerandfewerpeopleusewatchestotellthetime.1.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句可知選C。2.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句可知選D。3.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的Itcanusedifferentcolorlightstotellthetime.可知選A。4.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。由最后一段Allinall,awa