新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文翻譯和課后習(xí)題答案 Unit 6

Text12021/6/27Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

5.Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.6.CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.7.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.8.Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.Exercises22021/6/275.Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeafirestopburning()2thetotalnumberofpeoplewhohavebeenkilledorhurt()3anextremelydifficultorfrighteningsituation()Exerciseschaoticextinguishheroismnightmaretolltragedyutmostextinguishtollnightmare32021/6/274averysadeventthatcausespeopletosufferordie()5asmuchaspossible()6impressiveactionsthatprovesomeoneisverybrave()7happeninginaconfusedwayandwithoutanyorderororganization()Exercisestragedyutmostheroismchaoticchaoticextinguishheroismnightmaretolltragedyutmost42021/6/276.CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity5.

Forafirefighterarrivingonthesceneofafirethefirstfewminutesareusuallythemost(1)_______.Hehasto(2)_________thefire,healsoneedstofindoutifhumanlivesareindanger.Whenpeoplearetrappedinsideabuildinghemustactswiftlytoprevent(3)________,or,–inthe(4)_________scenario–tokeepthedeath(5)______toaminimum.Actionsliketheserequirethe(6)_______degreeof(7)________.Exerciseschaoticextinguishtragedynightmaretollutmostheroismchaoticextinguishheroismnightmaretolltragedyutmost52021/6/277.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.1 He’saveryhonest,fairandwell-behavedsortofperson.2 I’dliketoexpressmythanksforeverythingyou’vedoneforme.Exercisesdecentevacuategratitudeherdleadershipmassivedecentgratitude62021/6/273Therewasagroupofcowsstandinginthecornerofthefield.4Therehavebeenverybigincreasesinfoodpricesoverthelastfewmonths.5Allthepeopleshouldleavethebuildingimmediatelywhenthealarmsounds.6Shehasdisplayedallthequalitiesneededforbeingaleaderinherjob.Exercisesherdmassiveevacuateleadershipdecentevacuategratitudeherdleadershipmassive72021/6/278.Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.

1Ifyouareraringtogo,areyoueagerto(a)leave,or(b)startanactivity?2Ifyougetyourbearings,doyou(a)loseyourway,or(b)findoutwhereyouare?3Ifyouarenowhereclosetodone,doyou(a)stillhavealotmoreworktodotofinishthejob,or(b)stillfeelstrongandreadytowork?8.Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.

1Ifyouareraringtogo,areyoueagerto(a)leave,or(b)startanactivity?2Ifyougetyourbearings,doyou(a)loseyourway,or(b)findoutwhereyouare?3Ifyouarenowhereclosetodone,doyou(a)stillhavealotmoreworktodotofinishthejob,or(b)stillfeelstrongandreadytowork?Exercises82021/6/274Ifyouhaven’tmadeadentinsomething,haveyou(a)madegoodprogress,or(b)hardlybegunthejob?5Isaracket(a)aloudandunpleasantnoise,or(b)alowmusicalsound?6Ifsomethinggoesberserk,isit(a)quietandwell-behaved,or(b)outofcontrol?Exercises4Ifyouhaven’tmadeadentinsomething,haveyou(a)madegoodprogress,or(b)hardlybegunthejob?5Isaracket

(a)aloudandunpleasantnoise,or(b)alowmusicalsound?6Ifsomethinggoesberserk,isit(a)quietandwell-behaved,or(b)outofcontrol?92021/6/277Doeswhateverthehellitwassuggestthatthewriter(a)knewexactlywhatthenoisewas,or(b)didn’tknowwhatthenoisewas?8Ifsomethingispartoftheshorthand,canyou(a)easilyunderstandit,or(b)notunderstandit?9Ifyouarefumblingforafix,areyou(a)tryingtounderstandsomething,or(b)tryingtostaywhereyouare?Exercises7Doeswhateverthehellitwassuggestthatthewriter(a)knewexactlywhatthenoisewas,or(b)didn’tknowwhatthenoisewas?8Ifsomethingispartoftheshorthand,canyou(a)easilyunderstandit,or(b)notunderstandit?9Ifyouarefumblingforafix,areyou(a)tryingtounderstandsomething,or(b)tryingtostaywhereyouare?102021/6/27Readingandinterpreting

9.Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandanswerthequestions.10.Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Exercises112021/6/27Exercises122021/6/27Exercises132021/6/27Exercises142021/6/27Exercises152021/6/27Exercises162021/6/279.Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandanswerthequestions.

1Someguysweresweatinglikepigs.Why?

Becausetheyfelthotandexhausted.Theyhadbeenengagedinheavyphysicalactivities.2…weallfroze.Whatdoesthismean?Itmeanswestayedcompletelystill.3Everypossibleworst-casescenario,andafewmorebesides.Whatwasthefirefighterimagining?Hewasimagininganextremelybigfireorexplosion.Exercises172021/6/274Ithoughtaboutmywifeandmykids,butonlyfleetinglyandnotinanykindoflife-flashing-before-my-eyessortofway.Sodoeshelookbackoverhiswholelifeinasinglesecond?No,hejustthoughtabouthisfamilyveryquickly.5“I’llseeyouatthebigone.”Whatisthebigone,andwhydon’tfirefighterscallitbyitsname?

Theyminimizethefirewhichhasjusthappenedandimaginetheultimatefire.Theexpressionisonecommontofirefighters,sotheyknowwhattheyare

referringto.Exercises182021/6/276Allofthesethoughtswerelandinginmybraininakindofflashpoint…Whatarethesethoughts,andhowdotheycontrastwiththesituationinthenorthtower?WhatdotheytellusaboutPicciotto?

ThethoughtsareaboutPicciotto’sfamily,job,thebagels,firefighters’customs,hiscolleagues,thethingshislifeconsistsof,hisvalues,hisbraveryandyethisordinariness.Exercises192021/6/2710.Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.1WhathasbeenomittedintheellipticalsentenceDeadsolidstill?Thecompletesentencemightbewestooddeadsolidstill.2Whichdifferentthingsdoesthewritercomparethenoiseofthefallingbuildingto?Itwaslikeanearthquake,anamusementparkthrillride,athousandrunawaytrains,aherdofwildbeasts,andthethunderofarockslide.Exercises202021/6/273HowmanysentencesbeginwithIthought?Four.Ithoughtaboutmywifeandkids...Ithoughtaboutthejob...Ithoughtaboutthebagels...Ithoughthowwefiremen...4Whatotherexamplesofrepetitioncanyoufindinthepassage?Repetitionoflikefordescribingthesoundofthebuildingcollapsing.Exercises212021/6/275Howmanysimilescanyoufindinthepassage?Six:sweatinglikepigs;shakinglikeinanearthquake;likeanamusementparkthrillridegoneberserk;likeathousandrunawaytrainsspeedingtowardsme;likeaherdofwildbeasts;likethethunderofarockslide...6Whicharethemosteffective?Ilikethesimilelikeathousandrunawaytrainsspeedingtowardsme,becauseitreallysuggeststhepoweroftheforcesthewriterfeelsapproachinghim.Exercises222021/6/277Whatmakesthepassagemostmemorable?

Thefigurativelanguage.Therushofsimilesandmetaphorscreatesmoodthroughassociation(earthquakes,berserkwarriors,wildanimals)andgivesasenseofconfusionandmanythingshappeningatonce.Theellipsisgivestheimpressionofeventsspeedingby.Thereisnotimeeventousefullgrammaticalforms.Repetitionsaresimilartothewaythebrainreactstoextremestress.Somethoughtsseemtogetstuckandoccuragainandagain.Exercises232021/6/278Howwouldanewspaperaccounthavebeendifferent?

Itwouldbemorefactualandlessemotional.Newspaperreportersdonotusesimilesandavoidrepetition.Astoryofafloodinanewspaperwouldsaysoberlythattheriverburstitsbanks,floodedacertainareaoflandandcausedx-amountofdamagetocropsandlefty-numberofpeoplehomeless.Adescriptivepiecemightcomparetherivertoadragonrisinginfuryandtrytoexpressthesoundofthewaterasitpouredoverdikesbuilttoholditin.Ajournalistchooseswordsforprecisemeaningwhereasadescriptivewriterwantseffects.Exercises242021/6/27Developingcriticalthinking11.Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Picciottosaysheandhismenwere“justdoingtheirjob”.Doyouagree?

?Yes,firefightersmustextinguishfiresandrescuevictims.?No,theyweregoingbeyonditbystayingsolongandriskingtheirlives.Exercises252021/6/272Doyouthinkhisbookisthebestpossibletributetothefirefighterswhodied?Itiscertainlyawayofrememberingwhattheysuffered.Wethinkprobablythebestwouldbelookingaftertheirfamiliesforthem.3Whatdoyouthinkthelong-termeffectsofdoingaheroicjoblikethisare?

Itmustbeverystressfulalwayslookingforwardtothenextbigone.4Doyouthinkthatextraordinaryeventslike9/11canmakeordinarypeopleintoheroes?

Yes.WealsosawmanyexamplesofthatduringtheSichuanearthquakewhenmanyordinarypeopledidheroicthings.Exercises262021/6/27Text272021/6/27Lastmandown

Thefireman’sstory11September20019:59AM1Itcameasiffromnowhere.2Therewereabouttwodozenofusbythebankofelevatorsonthe35thfloorofthenorthtoweroftheWorldTradeCenter.Wewerefirefighters,mostly,andwewereinvariousstagesofexhaustion.Someguysweresweatinglikepigs.Somehadtheirturnoutcoatsoff,ortiedaroundtheirwaists.Quiteafewwerebreathingheavily.Otherswereraringtogo.Allofusweretakingabeattocatchourbreaths,andourbearings,figureoutwhatthehellwasgoingon.We'dbeenatthisthing,hard,foralmostanhour,somealittlebitless,andwewerenowhereclosetodone.Ofcourse,wehadnoideawhattherewaslefttodo,butwehadn'tmadeadent.Text282021/6/273Andthenthenoisestarted,andthebuildingbegantotremble,andweallfroze.Deadsolidstill.Whatevertherehadbeenlefttodowouldnowhavetowait.Forwhat,wehadnoidea,butitwouldwait.Or,itwouldn't,butthatwasn'tthepoint.Thepointwasthatnoonewasmoving.Toaman,noonemoved,excepttolifthiseyestotheceiling,toseewheretheracketwascomingfrom.Asifwecouldseeclearthroughtheceilingtilesforaneasyanswer.Noonespoke.Therewasn'ttimetoturnthoughtintowords,eventhoughtherewastimetothink.Text292021/6/27Formeanyway,therewastimetothink,toomuchtimetothink,andmythoughtswereallovertheplace.Everypossibleworst-casescenario,andafewmorebesides.Thebuildingwasshakinglikeinanearthquake,likeanamusementparkthrillridegoneberserk,butitwastherumblethatstruckmestillwithfear.Thesheervolumeofit.Thewayitcoursedrightthroughme.Icouldn'tthinkwhatthehellwouldmakeanoiselikethat.Likeathousandrunawaytrainsspeedingtowardsme.Likeaherdofwildbeasts.Likethethunderofarockslide.Hardtoputitintowords,butwhateverthehellitwasitwasgainingspeed,andgatheringforce,andgettingcloser,andIwasstuckinthemiddle,unabletogetoutofitspath.Text302021/6/274It'samazing,thekindofthingyouthinkaboutwhenthereshouldbenotimetothink.Ithoughtaboutmywifeandmykids,butonlyfleetinglyandnotinanykindoflife-flashing-before-my-eyessortofway.Ithoughtaboutthejob,howcloseIwastomakingdeputy.IthoughtaboutthebagelsIhadleftonthekitchencounterbackatthefirehouse.Ithoughthowwefiremenwerealwayssayingtoeachother,"I'llseeyouatthebigone."Or,"We'llallmeetatthebigone."Ineverknewhowitstarted,orwhenI'dpickeduponitmyself,butitwaspartofourshorthand.Text312021/6/27Meaning,nomatterhowbigthisfireis,there'llbeanotheronebigger,somewheredowntheroad.We'llmakeitthroughthisone,andwe'llmakeitthroughthatone,too.Ialwayssaidit,atbigfires,andIalwayshearditback,andhereIwas,thinkingIwouldneversayorhearthesewordsagain,becausetherewouldneverbeanotherfireasbigasthis.Thiswasthebigonewehadalltalkedabout,allourlives,andifIhadn'tknownthisbefore–justbeforethesechillingmoments–thissick,blacknoisenowconfirmedit.Text322021/6/275

Ifumbledforsomefixonthesituation,thinkingmaybeifIunderstoodwhatwashappeningIcouldsteelmyselfagainstit.Allofthesethoughtswerelandinginmybraininakindofflashpoint,oneontopoftheotherandallatonce,buttheretheywere.Andeachthoughtlandedfullyformed,asiftheremightbetimetoactoneach,whenintruththerewasnotimeatall.

Text332021/6/27Postscript6

RichardPicciotto(alsoknownasPitch)wasinthenorthtoweroftheWorldTradeCenterwhenitcollapsedintheaftermathofthemassiveterroristattackon11September2001.AbattalioncommanderfortheNewYorkFireDepartment,hewasonthesceneofthedisasterwithinminutesoftheattack,toleadsevencompaniesoffirefightersintothetowertohelppeopletrappedandtoextinguishfiresblazingeverywhere.Text342021/6/277Thenorthtowerwasthefirstofthetwintowerstobehit.Itwasfollowed17minuteslaterbythesouthtower.Thesouthtower,however,wasthefirsttocollapse,at9:59am.Atthatmoment,Picciottowasinthenorthtower,racingupwardsbythestairsbecausetheelevatorswereoutofaction.Hethengavetheordertoevacuate.Onthe12thstoryhecameacross50peopleamidthedebris,toobadlyhurtorfrightenedtomove.Picciottoandhismenhelpedthemdown.Whenhereachedtheseventhfloor,thetowerfell,andhewasburiedbeneaththousandsoftonsofrubble.Heeventuallycameroundfourhourslater,leadinghismentosafety.Text352021/6/278Picciottowasthehighestrankingfirefightertosurvivetheattack.Thechiefofthedepartment,thefirstdeputyandthechiefofrescueoperationshadallbeenkilled.Altogetherthedeathtollincluded343firefightersandmorethan3,000civilians.Text362021/6/279PicciottotellsthestoryinhisbookLastManDown.HeusesadramaticfirstpersonstylewhichgivesthereaderanideaofthenightmareandthechaoticconfusionofoneofthedarkestdaysinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,thetragedynowknowntotheworldsimplyas9/11,butadayofutmosthumanityandheroismtoo.Publishedin2002,thebookbecameanimmediatebest-seller,whichtheauthorwroteingratitude,andintendedasatributeto,hisdecent

andtrustworthy

comradeswhogavetheirlives.It’salsoatestimonytohisleadershipskills.Ashesays,“Peoplecallusheroes,butwewerejustdoingourjob.”Text372021/6/27最后撤出的人：消防員的故事2001年9月11日上午9時(shí)59分1

它似乎是從天而降。2

在世貿(mào)中心北塔35層的一組電梯旁，當(dāng)時(shí)大約有20多個(gè)人。我們中絕大多數(shù)是消防員，個(gè)個(gè)都差不多精疲力竭了。有的人大汗淋漓，有的脫掉了他們的消防戰(zhàn)斗服，或是把它們?cè)谘g。有好幾個(gè)人大口地喘著粗氣。其他人迫不及待地想要離開這兒。我們所有的人都停了下來，想喘口氣，清醒一下頭腦，搞明白到底出了什么事。我們已經(jīng)在這兒拼命戰(zhàn)斗了差不多一個(gè)小時(shí)了，有些人時(shí)間稍微短一點(diǎn)兒，可我們根本看不見哪里是盡頭。當(dāng)然，我們也不知道自己還能干點(diǎn)兒什么，沒有一點(diǎn)兒進(jìn)展。Text382021/6/273

接著傳來一陣巨大的響聲，整個(gè)大樓開始顫動(dòng)起來，我們都愣住了。站在那兒一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。不管本來要做什么，現(xiàn)在都只能等一下了?？梢仁裁茨?？我們不知道，但是還得等?；蛟S我們不用等，可是問題不在這兒。問題是大家都站在那兒一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。所有的人中間沒有一個(gè)人動(dòng)，只是有人抬頭看了看天花板，想搞清楚這巨大的聲響到底是從哪兒傳來的。好像我們都能透過天花板，很容易就找到答案似的。沒有人開口說話。即便是有時(shí)間思考，我們也沒有時(shí)間把思維轉(zhuǎn)變成語言。Text392021/6/27不管怎么說，我還有時(shí)間思考，有太多時(shí)間去想了，我思緒萬千。我想到了每一個(gè)可能發(fā)生的最糟糕的情況，還有一些別的事情。大樓在劇烈搖晃著，像地震了似的，也像是游樂園里驚聳狂奔的過山車，可真正讓我膽顫心驚的是這巨大的轟隆聲。這聲音實(shí)在是太大了。好像直接從我身體中飛快地穿了過去。我真想不出來是什么東西會(huì)發(fā)出如此大的響聲。好像一千輛失控了的火車朝我疾速駛來。好像一群狂奔著的野獸。又好像是山崩時(shí)發(fā)出的巨大轟鳴聲。太難用語言來形容了，但不管這該死的聲音是什么，此刻它傳得越來越快，聲音越來越大，離我們?cè)絹碓浇冶焕г谄渲?，沒有辦法逃脫。Text402021/6/274

真是奇怪，這種時(shí)候你應(yīng)該是沒有時(shí)間思考的，可是你滿腦子都在想著那些事。我想到了老婆和孩子，只是在腦海里一閃而過，并不是把自己的人生都回顧了一番那樣。我想到了工作，我離當(dāng)上支隊(duì)長(zhǎng)只有一步之遙了。我想到了放在消防隊(duì)廚柜上的面包圈。我想起我們消防員平常總互相打趣說：“在大火中見吧?！被蛘呤恰拔覀兛隙〞?huì)在大火中碰面的?！蔽也恢肋@種說法是怎么來的，或者我自己是從什么時(shí)候開始說起這種話來的，但這就是我們的暗語。Text412021/6/27意思是不管這場(chǎng)火有多大，以后在別處還會(huì)有比這更大的。我們能安然無恙地度過這場(chǎng)火，也會(huì)安然無恙地度過下一場(chǎng)火。遇到一場(chǎng)大火時(shí)，我總是這么說，也總聽別人這么說，可現(xiàn)在我呆在這兒，想著自己再也不會(huì)說這樣的話了，也不會(huì)再聽到別人這么說了，因?yàn)樵僖膊粫?huì)有比這更大的火了。這會(huì)是我們大家一輩子都在說的那場(chǎng)大火，如果以前——就在這一個(gè)個(gè)令人膽戰(zhàn)心驚的瞬間之前——我沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的話，現(xiàn)在這渾厚的、不祥的響聲印證了這一點(diǎn)。Text422021/6/275

我琢磨著有什么辦法能改變我們的處境。我想如果搞明白了現(xiàn)在發(fā)生了什么事，也許我就能應(yīng)對(duì)了。所有這些思緒在我腦子里一個(gè)連著一個(gè)地閃現(xiàn)，想完一個(gè)又是另一個(gè)，一時(shí)間都堆積在我的腦子里。每個(gè)想法都是那么完整，好像我有足夠的時(shí)間一個(gè)個(gè)地付諸行動(dòng)似的，而事實(shí)上我根本沒有時(shí)間。Text432021/6/27后評(píng)6

2001年9月11日，在世貿(mào)中心遭到恐怖分子襲擊而倒塌時(shí)，理查德·皮喬托（也被稱作“皮奇”

）正在世貿(mào)中心的北塔里。作為紐約消防局的一名大隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，他在襲擊發(fā)生后的幾分鐘之內(nèi)就趕到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，帶領(lǐng)七個(gè)中隊(duì)的消防隊(duì)員進(jìn)入北塔，解救受困人員，撲滅四處蔓延的大火。Text442021/6/277

北塔是世貿(mào)雙塔中最先受到攻擊的。17分鐘后南塔也遭到了襲擊。而南塔第一個(gè)倒塌，時(shí)間是9點(diǎn)59分。當(dāng)時(shí)皮喬托正在北塔里，沿著樓梯往上跑，因?yàn)殡娞莞竟ぷ鞑涣肆?。這時(shí)他下達(dá)了撤退的命令。到達(dá)12層時(shí)，他看到了50個(gè)人被壓在廢墟底下，他們有的受了重傷動(dòng)彈不了，有的驚慌失措。皮喬托和他的部下扶著他們往下走。到第七層時(shí)，北塔塌了，他被埋在幾千噸的瓦礫之下。過了四個(gè)小時(shí)，他終于醒了過來，領(lǐng)著他的部下到達(dá)安全的地方。Text452021/6/278

皮喬托是襲擊中幸存下來的最高級(jí)別的消防員。紐約消防局局長(zhǎng)、第一支隊(duì)長(zhǎng)以及救援隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)全部都以身殉職了。整個(gè)事件中共有343名消防隊(duì)員獻(xiàn)出了生命，超過3,000名平民喪生。Text462021/6/279

皮喬托在他的《最后撤出的人》一書中講述了他的經(jīng)歷。他用一種扣人心弦的第一人稱的方式向讀者描述了被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)歷史上最黑暗的日子、也是世人皆知的9/11那天，人們所經(jīng)歷的惡夢(mèng)般的恐懼和混亂，當(dāng)然這也是人道主義精神和英雄主義精神展現(xiàn)得最淋漓盡致的一天。此書于2002年一出版就立即成為一本暢銷書，作者抱著一顆感恩的心寫了這本書，并欲以此書向那些品德高尚、值得信賴，并獻(xiàn)出了生命的戰(zhàn)友們致敬。當(dāng)然，這本書也展示了他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能。正如他所說的，“人們都稱我們?yōu)橛⑿?，其?shí)我們只是在干我們的本職工作?！盩ext472021/6/27Words&Phrasesfirefighterraringbearingdentrackettilescenarioshorthandfiremanfirehousebagelfleetingly

rockslideherdrubbleamidevacuateextinguishbattalionmassiveaftermathberserkrumblerunawaypostscriptflashpointfumblechaoticnightmaretoll482021/6/27Words&Phrasestragedyutmostheroismbest-sellergratitudetributedecentleadershiptrustworthycomradetestimony492021/6/27Words&Phrasescomefrom/outofnowheresweatlikepigs

raringtogomakeadenttoamanallovertheplacepickuponsth.

outofaction

onthescene(of)downtheroadmakeitthroughsth.

steeloneself(againststh.)

502021/6/27Words&PhrasesRichardPicciotto理查德·皮喬托（人名）512021/6/27firefighter

n.[C]

someonewhosejobistomakefiresstopburningandhelppeopletoescapefromotherdangeroussituations消防隊(duì)員fireman

n.[C]

amanwhosejobistostopfiresburning男消防員firefighter

&fireman:somepeoplethinkthat'fireman'isasexistterm,andpreferthepoliticallycorrectterm'firefighter'.Words&Phrases522021/6/27raring

a.veryenthusiasticandeagertodosth.急于做某事的；渴望做某事的e.g.

1.She’straininghardandraringtoruninthemarathon.

她正在刻苦訓(xùn)練，渴望參加馬拉松比賽。2.Shewasraringtogetbacktoherwork.

她急切希望重新工作。Seealso:

raringtogo.

Words&Phrases532021/6/27bearing

n.[C]anexactposition,usuallymeasuredfromnorth

（通常從北方算起的）方位，方向

e.g.

1.Thefirstthingistolearntotakeacompassbearing.

第一件事就是學(xué)習(xí)辨別羅盤方向。2.Followthebearingtothenextcheckpoint.

順著這個(gè)方向到下一個(gè)檢查點(diǎn)。3.Heisoutofhisbearings.

他迷失方向了。Words&Phrases542021/6/27dent

n.[C]

ahollowareainthesurfaceofsth.,usuallymadebysth.hittingit凹痕；凹坑e.g.

1.Therewasalargedentinthepassengerdoor.

乘客座位那邊的門上有一大塊凹坑。2.Thefrontofthecarhasadentinit.

小汽車的前面有一個(gè)凹痕。3.Theimpactofthestonesmadelittledentsinthemetal.石頭的撞擊幾乎沒給金屬留下什么凹痕。Seealso:

makeadent.Words&Phrases552021/6/27racket

n.

[sing](infml)aloudnoise吵鬧聲；喧嚷聲e.g.

1.Theoldmachineusedtomakeanawfulracket.

這臺(tái)舊機(jī)器以前噪聲大得嚇人。2.Thestudentskickedupnoendofaracketinthestreet.

這些學(xué)生在大街上大吵大鬧。3.Sucharacketmademeheadache.這樣的吵鬧使我頭痛。Words&Phrases562021/6/27tile

n.[C]aflatsquarepieceofbakedclayorothermaterial,usedforcoveringwalls,floorsetc.瓷磚；墻磚

e.g.

1.Ienteredthekitchen,withitsoldtileflooranditscherrywoodcabinets.

我走進(jìn)了廚房，里面是年月久遠(yuǎn)的瓷磚地面以及櫻桃木材質(zhì)的櫥柜。2.I’mlayingceramicfloortilesinthekitchen.我正在給廚房的地板鋪瓷磚。Words&Phrases572021/6/27scenario

n.[C]

asituationthatcouldpossiblyhappen可能發(fā)生的事；可能出現(xiàn)的局面e.g.Imagineascenariowhereonly20%ofpeoplehaveajob.

設(shè)想一下這種情況，只有20%的人有工作。possible/likely/plausiblescenario：可能的情況

e.g.

ThemostlikelyscenarioisthatBrookswillresign.

最可能出現(xiàn)的局面是布魯克斯即將辭職。Words&Phrases582021/6/27berserk

a.outofcontrolwithangerorexcitement;wildorfrenzied非常激動(dòng)；發(fā)狂goberserk1)becomeveryexcited非常激動(dòng)；發(fā)狂e.g.

Thehomecrowdwentberserkwhentheirsidescoredagain.

主場(chǎng)的人群在他們一方再次得分之后欣喜若狂。

2)

becomeveryangryandviolent狂怒，暴跳如雷e.g.Dadwentberserkwhenhefoundout.爸爸知道以后勃然大怒。Words&Phrases592021/6/27rumble

n.[C]aseriesoflonglowsounds隆隆聲；轟隆聲e.g.1.Atnightyoucanhearthelowrumbleoftrafficinthedistance.

深夜時(shí)分，你能聽到遠(yuǎn)處車輛低沉的隆隆聲。2.Weheardtheoccasionalrumbleofapassingtruck.

我們偶爾聽到卡車駛過的隆隆聲。Words&Phrases602021/6/27runawaya.arunawayvehicleoranimalisoutofcontrol（車輛或動(dòng)物）失控的e.g.

1.arunawayhorse

2.Arunawaycarrolleddownahillandcrashedintotencars.

一輛失控的車從山上滾下來，撞了十輛車。Words&Phrases一匹脫韁的馬612021/6/27herd

n.[C]agroupofanimalsofonekindthatliveandfeedtogether獸群；牧群e.g.

1.Shedrovetheherdofcattlethroughthewilderness.她趕著牛群穿過荒野。2.Theanimalstendtograzeinherd.這些動(dòng)物喜歡成群地吃草。Words&Phrases622021/6/27rockslide

n.[C]

amassofstonymaterialdepositedbysuchanavalanche巖滑（堆）Words&Phrases632021/6/27fleetingly

ad.

inafleetingmanner

短暫地；簡(jiǎn)短地fleeting

a.lastingforonlyashorttime短暫的；簡(jiǎn)短的e.g.1.Icaughtafleetingglimpseofthemastheydrovepast.

我匆匆瞥見他們驅(qū)車而過。2.CarolwaspayingafleetingvisittoParis.

卡洛兒正在巴黎做短暫停留。

Words&Phrases642021/6/27Translatethefollowingsentence:Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.(CET4-2007-06)

如果你一邊想要抓住轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的思想，一邊在聽那個(gè)五年級(jí)的英語老師糾正你的語法，那么你的思想就會(huì)消失殆盡。

Words&Phrases652021/6/27bagel

n.

[C]asmallring-shapedtypeofbread小面包圈e.g.Creamcheeseandtomatoestastegreatonabagel.面包圈加上奶酪和西紅柿嘗起來好吃極了。

Words&Phrases662021/6/27firehouse

n.[C]asmallfirestation,especiallyinasmalltown

消防站e.g.

Duringhisshift,heeatsandsleepsatthefirehouse.

輪到他值班時(shí)，吃住都要在消防站。

Words&Phrases672021/6/27shorthand

n.[U]ashorterbutlessclearwayofsayingsth.簡(jiǎn)略（或隱晦）的表達(dá)方式e.g.

1.He'sbeen“relocated”,whichisshorthandfor“givenaworsejobalongwayaway”.

他已經(jīng)被“調(diào)職”，這是一種隱晦的說法，其實(shí)是“到很遠(yuǎn)的地方做一份較差的工作”。2.Poetryforhimissimplyashorthandforliteraturethathasaestheticvalue.

在他看來，詩(shī)歌就是具有審美價(jià)值的文學(xué)作品的簡(jiǎn)略表達(dá)方式。

Words&Phrases682021/6/27fumble

v.

trytohold,move,orfindsth.withyourhandsinanawkwardway笨拙地摸；胡亂摸索；搜尋；亂抓e.g.1.Shefumbledforherkeysinherbag.

她在包里胡亂地尋找鑰匙。

2.Shereachedroundtofumblethelighton.

她伸手摸著去開燈。

Words&Phrases692021/6/27flashpoint

n.[C,U]asituationinwhichseriousproblemsarelikelytodevelop

緊急關(guān)頭；臨界點(diǎn)e.g.

1.Thecrisisinthattroubledcountrynearedaflashpointlastweek.

那個(gè)多災(zāi)多難的國(guó)家所潛伏的危機(jī)在上周幾乎一觸即發(fā)。2.Communityunrestisapproachingtheflashpoint.

群眾的不安定情緒已接近一觸即發(fā)之勢(shì)。Words&Phrases702021/6/27postscript

n.[C]

1)informationaddedtotheendofastory,article,orreport

（故事、文章或報(bào)道結(jié)束后的）補(bǔ)充信息，附言e.g.There'saninterestingpostscripttothistale.

這個(gè)故事后面有一段有趣的附記。2)anadditionalremarkattheendofaletter,afterthesignatureandintroducedby“PS”附筆，又及e.g.Headdedapostscriptattheendoftheletter:“Leavingtomorrow”.

他在信末附言：“明日出發(fā)”。Words&Phrases712021/6/27aftermath

n.theeffectsandresultsofsth.badorimportant

（不良或重要事件的）結(jié)果，后果，余殃e.g.

1.Howwouldtheycopewiththeaftermathofthewar?

他們會(huì)如何處理戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的后果？2.Inthe

aftermath

ofthehurricane,manypeople'shomesweredestroyed.

颶風(fēng)的后果是許多人的家園被毀。Words&Phrases722021/6/27massive

a.

1)verysevere嚴(yán)重的e.g.Hewasbornwithamassiveheartattack.

他天生就有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。2)verylarge,solidandheavy

大而重的；厚重的e.g.Thebellismassive,weighingover40tons.

這口鐘非常大，有40多噸重。3)verylargeinamountordegree大量的，大規(guī)模的e.g.Theweddinggotmassivemediacoverage.

婚禮得到大眾傳播媒介的廣泛報(bào)道。Words&Phrases732021/6/27battalion

n.[C]1)anorganizationorunitwithinthedivisioninFDNY（紐約消防局的）大隊(duì)e.g.FDNYareorganizedintofiveboroughcommands.WithinthoseBoroughCommandsexistninedivisions,eachheadedbyaDeputyChief.Withineachdivisionoperatefourtosevenbattalions,ledbyaBattalionChief.

紐約消防局下設(shè)5個(gè)區(qū)，5個(gè)區(qū)下面共有9個(gè)支隊(duì)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為支隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。每個(gè)支隊(duì)有4—7個(gè)大隊(duì)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是大隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。2)alargegroupofsoldiersthatconsistsofthreeormoresmallergroupscalledcompanies營(yíng)（由三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的連組成）e.g.The

battalion'soutpostswerecalledin.

這個(gè)營(yíng)的前哨被召回。Words&Phrases742021/6/27extinguish

vt.(fml)makeafireorcigarettestopburning.(Amoreusualwordisputout.)熄滅；撲滅e.g.

1.Theyfoughtforhourstoextinguishthefire.他們奮戰(zhàn)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)把火撲滅。2.

Pleaseextinguishallcigarettes.

請(qǐng)熄滅所有香煙。Wordfamily:extinguisher

n.

滅火器

Words&Phrases752021/6/27evacuate

v.

leaveabuildingorotherplacebecauseitisnotsafe

撤離，撤出（某危險(xiǎn)建筑物或地方）e.g.

1.Ifthealarmsounds,allstudentsshouldevacuateimmediately.

如果警報(bào)響起，所有的學(xué)生都應(yīng)該立即撤離。2.DuringthewarhewasevacuatedtoScotland.

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，他被撤離到蘇格蘭。Wordfamily:evacuation

n.

撤離

evacueen.

被疏散人員