（人教版）新七年級英語【暑假自學(xué)課】第01講 名詞（練習(xí)版）

第01講名詞【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容命題焦點(diǎn)名詞的數(shù)名詞所有格可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表示不同國籍的單復(fù)數(shù)變化名詞所有格：’s格和of格考查重點(diǎn)：名詞的數(shù)和名詞所有格常考題型：選擇題、填空題【基礎(chǔ)知識】考點(diǎn)01名詞的數(shù)名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞——可以數(shù)的名詞如：appledogstudent不可數(shù)名詞——數(shù)不清（沒有復(fù)數(shù)）如：watermilkmeat可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)：abook,anapple復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：=1\*GB3①一般情況下在詞尾加s。student-students,cap-caps,car-cars=2\*GB3②以s、x、ch、sh、ss結(jié)尾，詞尾加es。bus-buses,fox-foxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes，class-classes=3\*GB3③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i加es。baby-babiescity-cities=4\*GB3④以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或者fe為v加es。knife-knives,wife-wives巧記方法：巧記方法：妻(wife)見小偷(thief)架(shelf)下藏，手拿小刀(knife)想殺狼(wolf)。誰知落下半片(half)葉(leaf)，砸在頭上一命(life)亡。=5\*GB3⑤以o結(jié)尾的名詞，表示無生命的事物加s，表示有生命的事物加es。無生命：radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos有生命：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：=1\*GB3①改變中間元音。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth,goose-geese=2\*GB3②詞尾加en或者ren。如：ox-oxen,child-children=3\*GB3③單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如：deer-deer，fish-fish，sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese巧記方法：巧記方法：中國人(Chinese)和日本人(Japanese)很愛護(hù)綿羊(sheep)、鹿(deer)和魚(fish)。復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：=1\*GB3①以man或者woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。manteacher-menteachers,womandoctor-womendoctors=2\*GB3②不以man或者woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。boystudent-boystudents,paperbag-paperbags不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量變化：不可數(shù)名詞不可以用個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算，需要表示數(shù)量時(shí)，要借助量詞。acupoftea-twocupsoftea,apieceofbread-twopiecesofbread不同國籍的單復(fù)數(shù)變化：變化規(guī)則國籍單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)一致中國人ChineseChinese日本人JapaneseJapanese瑞士人SwissSwiss詞尾直接加s美國人AmericanAmericans澳大利亞人AustralianAustralians意大利人ItalianItalians德國人GermanGermans印度人IndianIndians加拿大人CanadianCanadians變a為e英國人EnglishmanEnglishmen法國人FrenchmanFrenchmen考點(diǎn)02名詞所有格’s格:如果名詞代表的事物是有生命的，那么它的所有格形式就是在這個(gè)名詞后加’s。It’stheboy’sEnglishbook.這是那個(gè)男孩的英語書。名詞’s所有格構(gòu)成形式：=1\*GB3①一般單數(shù)名詞，詞尾加’s。Mike’sbike麥克的自行車thegirl’smother這個(gè)女孩的母親=2\*GB3②詞尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，詞尾加’s。thewomen’schildren女人的孩子們thepeople’srights人民的權(quán)利=3\*GB3③詞尾是s的復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，詞尾加“’”thebirds’nest小鳥的巢thestudents’teacher學(xué)生們的老師=4\*GB3④在表示店鋪、教堂等或者某人的家時(shí)，所有格’s后面可省略它所修飾的名詞。thebaker’s面包店thehouseagent’s房產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)公司theBill’s比爾家=5\*GB3⑤兩個(gè)人分別擁有某物時(shí)，要在每個(gè)人的名字后面加’s，兩個(gè)人共擁有某物時(shí)，旨在最后一個(gè)人的名字后面加’s。Lily’sandLucy’sdress莉莉的裙子和露西的裙子LilyandLucy’sbedroom莉莉和露西的臥室（表示兩人居住在同一間臥室）如果名詞代表的事物事沒有生命的，常用of組成的短語來表示它的所有格。ThesecondclassofTuesdayisEnglish.周二第二節(jié)課是英語。ThenameofthemovieisAvengers.電影的名字是《復(fù)仇者聯(lián)盟》。附：名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化表（參考）名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化一、元音發(fā)生變化（6個(gè)）漢語1foot[fut]feet[fi:t]腳2man[m?n]men[men]男人3mouse[maus]mice[mais]老鼠4woman['wum?n]women['wimin]女人5goose[gu:s]geese[gi:s]鵝6tooth[tu:θ]teeth[ti:θ]牙二、詞尾發(fā)生變化（8個(gè)）

漢語1、child[t?aild]children['t?ildr?n]孩子三、單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)形式不變（7個(gè)）漢語1deer[di?]deer[di?]鹿2fish[fi?]fish[fi?]魚3sheep[?i:p]sheep[?i:p]綿羊4people['pi:p?l]people['pi:p?l]人注：當(dāng)people翻譯為人時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同，若出現(xiàn)peoples時(shí)就應(yīng)翻譯為民族或部落。例：twopeoples兩個(gè)民族（兩個(gè)部落）5Chinese['t?ai'ni:z]Chinese['t?ai'ni:z]中國人；漢語6Japanese[.d??p?'ni:z]Japanese[.d??p?'ni:z]日本人；日語7Vietnamese['vjetn?'mi:z]Vietnamese['vjetn?'mi:z]n.越南人；adj.越南的、越南人8swiss[swis]swiss[swis]瑞典人注：以ese結(jié)尾的表示國籍的名詞，單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)一樣；其它表示國籍的名詞都按正常規(guī)劃變化四、只有復(fù)數(shù)的名詞（8個(gè)）漢語1clothes[kl?uez]clothes[kl?uez]衣服2compasses['k?mp?siz]compasses['k?mp?siz]圓規(guī)3glasses['glɑ:siz]glasses['glɑ:siz]眼鏡4pants[p?nts]pants[p?nts]褲子（內(nèi)褲）5scissors['siz?z]scissors['siz?z]剪子6trousers['trauz?z]trousers['trauz?z]褲子7spectacles['spekt?klz]spectacles['spekt?klz]老花鏡8shorts[??:ts]shorts[??:ts]短褲合成名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)一、第一個(gè)或最后一個(gè)詞變成復(fù)數(shù)（7個(gè)）漢語1girlfriend[g?:l][frend]girlfriends[g?:l][frend(s)]女朋友2boyfriend

boyfriends

男朋友3grown-up

grown-ups

成年人4highway

highways

公路5passer-by

passers-by

過路人6son-in-law

sons-in-law

女婿7daughter-in-law

daughters-in-law

兒媳二、構(gòu)成合成名詞的兩個(gè)詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)(8個(gè)）漢語1mandoctor

mendoctors

男醫(yī)生2womandoctor

womendoctors

女醫(yī)生3manservantmenservants

男仆人4womanservant

womenservants

女仆人5manteacher

menteachers

男老師6womanteacher

womenteachers

女老師7mandriver

mendrivers

男司機(jī)8womandriver

womendrivers

女司機(jī)【考點(diǎn)剖析】考點(diǎn)1、名詞的數(shù)1．Therearealotofbeautiful________lyingonthestreetafterthestorm.A．ice B．leaf C．leaves2．I’mhungry.I’dliketohavesome________.A．noodle B．water C．potato D．bread考點(diǎn)2、名詞的格1．Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon________Day,June1st.A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s2．Thisis________room.A．Kate’sandLucy’s B．KateandLucy C．Kate’sandLucy D．KateandLucy’s【真題演練】1．—Hi,Mom.Whereismy________?—Oh,itisinyourroom.A．schoolbags B．a(chǎn)schoolbag C．schoolbag2．Thelittlegirloverthereis________cousin.A．Tom B．Tom’s C．theTom3．Look!Therearemany________onthehill.A．monkeys B．horse C．cow4．—Therearemany________aboutthisfarm.—Yes,lotsof________areplantedonit.A．photo;potato B．photos;potatos C．photos;potatoes D．photoes;potatoes5．Therearesome_______inthebasket.A．rice B．tea C．eggs D．flower6．IfIleavemyhouseat9o’clockanddrivetotheairport,I’llarriveatabout11.Soit’sabouttwo_________drivefrommyhousetotheairport.A．hours’ B．hour’s C．hours7．—Isthisyourcomputer?—No,it’s________.A．Lisa’sandLinda’s B．LisaandLinda C．LisaandLinda’s D．Lisa’sandLinda8．Davidtalkedwithafriendof________ontheInternetforalongtimeyesterday.A．he B．his C．him D．/9．Hereisaphoto________myfamily.A．in B．under C．on D．of10．March8this_________Day.Mymumoftengoestoseemygrandmotherontheday.A．Woman’s B．Women’s C．Woman D．Women【過關(guān)檢測】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Thisismy________,andthesearehis________.A．dogs；dogs B．dog；dog C．dog；dogs D．dogs；dog2．TomandTimhavesome________and________.A．tomatos;chicken B．tomatoes;chickens C．tomatoes;chicken D．tomatos;chickens3．Arethereany________onthetable?A．meat B．beef C．potatoes D．fruit4．—Whenis_________?—It’sonSeptember10th.A．teacher’sday B．Teacher’sDay C．teachers’day D．Teachers’Day5．Todayis________birthday.They’llhaveapartythisevening.A．SallyandJane B．Sally’sandJaneC．SallyandJane’s D．Sally’sandJane’s6．My________nameisSally.A．friend B．friend’s C．friends D．friends'7．Hereisaphoto________myfamily.A．for B．in C．of D．a(chǎn)t8．________fatherisadoctorinahospital.A．BettyandLily’s B．Betty’sandLily C．Betty’sandLily’s D．BettyandLily9．_______jacketsareonthesofa.Oneisyellow,andtheotherisblack.A．Jackan