2024年高考二輪復習-攻克典型題型之閱讀理解（3）詞義猜測題

2/2（3）詞義猜測題—2024屆高考英語二輪復習攻克典型題型之閱讀理解答題技巧技巧1：單詞或短語意義猜測題該題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個從"已知"得出"未知"的過程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進行推理,有時還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶婕皩δ硞€生詞或短語的含義的猜測、對某個熟詞進行生義的猜測或考查該詞能被哪個單詞或短語代替等。常見的設題形式：Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmeans"______".Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?Theunderlinedword...inParagraph1canbestbereplacedby"______".Whatdoesthephrase...inParagraph2mean?技巧2：句意理解題句意理解題大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含義，且與文章主旨或段落主題密切相關。常見的設題形式：Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans"______".WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?技巧3：代詞指代題代詞指代題旨在考查考生對閱讀素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代詞it，that，he，him，them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的對象。題型訓練一、There'sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV:Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.ThefindingscomefromaUniversityofArizona-ledstudy,whichexploresthepotentialeffectsofchildren'stelevisionwatchinghabitsontheirparents'stresslevels.Thelogicbehindthisisclear.Themoretelevisionkidswatch,themorethey'reexposed(接觸)toadvertising,whichoftenfeaturesbrightcolors,upbeatmusicandflashycharactersandcanbeespeciallypersuasive,since,developmentally,childrenaren'tfullycapableofunderstandingadvertising'sintention."Themoreadvertisementstheysee,themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold'no'.Allthatmayincreaseparents'overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip,"saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.Thereareafewthingsparentscando,perhapsthemostobviousofwhichislimitingscreentime."Commercialcontentisthereforareason:toelicitpurchasingbehavior.So,ifthisisaproblem,maybeshutofftheTV,"Lapierresaid.Ofcourse,thatcanbeeasiersaidthandone,headmitted.Anotherthingparentscantry,especiallyasadvertisingtargetingchildrenrocketsaroundtheholidays:Considerhowtheytalktotheirkidsaboutconsumerism.Atthistime,effectiveparent-childconsumer-relatedcommunicationcanworkwell.Overall,communicationbetweenparentsandchildrenisabetterstrategyforreducingstressinparents.However,theresearchfound,thiscommunicativestrategyshowsdroppingreturnswhenchildrenaskformoreproductsorhavemoreconsumerconflictwithparents.Withtheriseofstreamingservices,however,manyviewersarenolongerbeingexposedtothetraditionaladvertisingofnetworkorcableTV.Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat,forexample,throughproductplacementandintegrated(綜合的)brandinginashow,Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry."Ingeneral,moretelevisionexposuremeansmoreexposuretoadvertisements.EvenifI'mstreaming,I'mlikelyseeingmoreintegratedbranding,"Lapierresaid,"suchhiddenadvertisingishardertodetectandhasagreaterinfluenceonchildren'sconsuminghabits,leavingparentsmorestressed.1.WhatdoesMatthewLapierreattempttoexploreinthestudy?A.TheinfluencethebadnewsonTVhasonparents.B.Children'sabilitytounderstandTVcommercials.C.Thestressthekids'watchingTVbringstoparents.D.StrategiestostopkidswatchingTVadvertisements.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"elicit"meaninparagraph3?A.Cause. B.Challenge. C.Practise. D.Guarantee.3.HowdoesLapierreconsidertheplacementadvertisinginstreamingservices?A.AsimpleandbettermeansofadvertisingaproductB.AhiddenwaytopromoteproductsorbrandstokidsC.Aneasywaytoavoidconflictsbetweenkidsandparents.D.AneffectiveapproachtokeepingkidsfromTVcommercials.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PeopleshouldkeepofftheinfluenceofTVadsB.AdvertisersmakecommercialcontentsappealingC.TVcommercialscaneducatethekidsunknowinglyD.Kids'exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed二、Beforeyouworryaboutbaconandhowmuchitmaycostwhennewanimalwelfarelawsgointoeffectnextyear,let'stalkaboutthepigsthatgavetheirlivesforit.Californiahasbeenontheforefrontofprotectinganimalswholiveshortlivesonfactoryfarmseithertoproducefoodforusortobeslaughteredandsoldasfood.ThelatestadvancecameinNovember2018,when62.7%ofthestate'svoterssupportedProposition12,thePreventionofCrueltytoFarmAnimalsAct.Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.StartingonJan.1st,thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages.Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove.Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply(遵守).SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.TheysaythatthelawwillsignificantlyraisethepriceofporkandthatitviolatestheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution,whichgivesCongresssolepoweroverinterstatebusinessactivity.Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoretrofit(翻新)theirfarms.Theyalsocomplainthattheregulationsonthelawarenotset.ButtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,whichhasyettofinalizetheregulations,saysthatthedelayshouldnothavepreventedproducersfromretrofittingtheirhousingforbreedingpigs.Theagencyhaspubliclyposteddraftregulations,whichmostlyconcernrecord-keeping,certificationanddefinitionsofterms.Forfansofbaconandotherpork,anyriseincostisthepriceofnothavingapigsufferbeforeit'skilledforfood.It'sapricetheanimalsshouldn'thavetopay.5.WhatdoweknowaboutProposition12?A.Thelawwillcomeintoforcenextyear.B.Morespaceisrequiredforraisinghensandpigs.C.Raisinghensandpigsinlimitedspaceishumane.D.Halfofthestate'svoterssubscribedtoProposition12.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"pledged"inparagraph3mean?A.Suspect. B.Refuse. C.Promise. D.Hesitate.7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Someporkproducershaveraisedthepriceofpork.B.Alltheporkproducersdon'tcomplywiththelaw.C.Porkproducershavewastedalotoftimeretrofittingtheirfarms.D.PorkproducersresisttheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution.8.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetothenewanimalwelfarelaws?A.Skeptical. B.Conservative. C.Tolerant. D.Favorable.三、Thiswinter,theU.S.stateofCaliforniareceivedunusuallylargeamountsofrainandsnow.Now,peopleworrythatsomeareaswillfloodasthesnowintheSierraNevadaMountainsmelts(融化).RonCaetanolivesabouthalf-waybetweenthecitiesofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.Heispreparingtoleaveincasehiscommunity,calledtheIslandDistrict,floods.Morethan100yearsago,theIslandDistrictareawasunderalargelakenamedTulareLake.Atonetime,TulareLakewasthelargestfreshwaterlakewestoftheMississippiRiver.Butreservoirs(水庫)andwateringsystemsforagriculturecausedittodisappear.However,inveryrainyyears,farmlandcanstillgetcoveredwithwater.Expertssayreservoirsneartheareawilllikelyreceivethreetimesmorewaterthantheycanholdthisyear.Thatmeansofficialsmustincreasetheamountofwatertheyrelease(釋放)fromthereservoirs.Iftoomuchwaterisreleased,theareamightflood.TheIslandDistricthasorganizedacommunitynetworktohelpprepareforfloods.Peopleareplacingsandbagsclosetoelderlyneighbors'housestoblockpossibleflooding.Andtheyarelookingatreportsfromwaterofficials,countyofficials,andfromeachother.Californiahashadverydryweatherinrecentyears.Bothcitiesandfarmcommunitiesacclaimedthisyear'swinterrains.Iftheweathergetswarmerslowly,thesnowwillnotmeltquicklyandtheremaybelittleornoflooding.Butiftheweathergetshotquickly,thatwillbringtroublefromtoomuchmeltingsnow.OfficialsannouncedplanstoclosepartsofYosemiteNationalParkbecauseofthreatsofflooding.Theparkisabout270kilometerseastofSanFranciscointheSierraNevadaMountains.NicholasPinteriswiththeUniversityofCalifornia,DavisCenterforWatershedSciences.Hesaidthelake'ssizehasalwayschangedbecauseofCalifornia'sweather.Hedescribedthesurroundingareathisway."Ithasbeenanengineeringproblemallalong,"hesaid."Thisisabathtub(浴缸)withnowayout."9.WhatmadeTulareLakedisappear?A.Lackofrainfall. B.Naturaldisasters.C.Humanbehaviors. D.Climatewarming.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"acclaimed"meaninparagraph6?A.Feared. B.Prevented. C.Stored. D.Welcomed.11.WhatmightpeopleofCaliforniahopetohappen?A.Thegovernmentcanhelpthemescape. B.Theweatherwillgraduallygetwarm.C.Therewillbemorerainthere. D.Officialswon'tletoffwater.12.WhatcanweinferfromNicholasPinter'swords?A.Itisdifficulttodealwiththeflood. B.Itiseasytokeepthesnowwater.C.Thesurroundingareaisunfittolive. D.Thelakeisalreadyoverflowing.四、Morethanhalftheworld'spopulationliveincities,andby2050theUNexpectsthatproportiontoreach68%.Thismeansmorehomes,roadsandotherinfrastructure.InIndiaalone,acitythesizeofChicagowillhavetobedevelopedeveryyeartomeetdemandforhousing.Suchaconstructionincreaseisabadsignfordealingwithclimatechange,becausemakingsteelandconcrete,twoofthemostcommonbuildingmaterials,generatesaround8%oftheworld'sCO2emissions(排放).Ifcitiesaretoexpandandbecomegreeneratthesametime,theywillhavetobemadefromsomethingelse.Woodisoneofthemostpromisingsustainablealternativestosteelandconcrete.Itisnot,however,everydaywoodthatisattractingtheinterestofarchitects.Rather,itisamaterialcalledengineeredtimber.Thisisacombinationofdifferentlayers,eachdesignedtomeettherequirementsofspecificpartssuchasfloors,panelsandbeams(橫梁).Designerscanuseittoprovidelevelsofstrengthlikesteel,inaproductthatisupto80%lighter.Inaddition,engineeredtimberisusuallymadeintolargesectionsinafactoryforfutureuse,whichreducesthenumberofdeliveriestoaconstructionsite.AccordingtoMichaelRamageoftheUniversityofCambridge,awoodenbuildingproduces75%lessCO2thanasteelandconcreteoneofthesamesize.However,ifbuildingwithwoodtakesoff,itdoesraiseconcernabouttherebeingenoughtreestogoround.Butwithsustainablymanagedforeststhatshouldnotbeaproblem,saysDrRamage.Afamily-sizedapartmentrequiresabout30cubicmetersoftimber,andheestimatesEurope'ssustainableforestsalonegrowthatamounteverysevenseconds.Norisfirearisk,forengineeredtimberdoesnotburneasily.Besides,fireproofinglayerscanbeaddedtothetimber.Allinall,then,itlooksasifwoodasabuildingmaterialmaygetanewleaseoflife.13.WhyisIndiamentionedinparagraph1?A.Topointouttheseverepollution.B.Topredictthepopulationincrease.C.Toindicatethehighdegreeofurbanization.D.Toshowthegreatneedforbuildingmaterials.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutengineeredtimber?A.Itisproducedatalowcost.B.Ithardlyappealstoarchitects.C.Ithelpssaveenergyintransportation.D.Itpossessesgreaterstrengththansteel.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"takesoff"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Becomescheaper. B.Gainspopularity.C.Requireslesswork. D.Provessustainable.16.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peopleshouldmakefuturecitiesmoreattractive.B.It'simportanttoliveinaworldwithlessemission.C.Buildingsustainablecitieswithwoodsispossiblenow.D.Let'sgrowmoretreesforfuturebuilding五、Afterdecadesofargument,psychologistshaveapparentlyagreedthatarrangingone'sfeaturesintotheshapeofasmilehelpsbrightenthemood.Inotherwords,ifyouwanttofeelalittlehappier,trylookingalittlehappierfirst.Theideahasarockyhistory,though.Tosettlethematteronceandforall,NicholasColes,aresearchscientistatStanfordUniversity,organizedtheManySmilesCollaborationtoconductanexperiment,withwhichadvocates,criticsandthoseonthefencecouldallagree.Thepsychologistsrecruitednearly4,000peopleanddividedtheminto3groups.Thefirstadoptedthepen-in-mouthmethodtoactivatefacialmusclesforsmiling.Thesecondimitatedthefacialexpressionsofsmilingactors.Thethirdwastoldtomovethecornersoftheirlipstowardtheirearsandraisetheircheeks.Thevolunteersthenratedtheirhappinessastheypulledtheirfaces,woreneutralexpressions,andlookedatblankscreensorimagesofpuppies,kittens,flowersandfireworks.AccordingtoareportinNatureHumanBehaviour,thepen-in-mouthmethoddidlittleforemotions—perhapsbecausepeoplehadtobitetheirteethtogether.Buttheothertwoapproachesboostedhappiness,thoughtheeffectwassmall."Somepeoplebelievethatemotionalexperienceisverycognitiveandthatit'sdrivenbyourevaluationsofwhat'sgoingonintheworld.Thiswork,however,suggeststhatit'salsophysiological,"saidColes."Emotionalexperienceappearstobebuilt,inpart,onthefeedbackorsensationsfromthenervoussystem.Theacceleratedheartcanmakepeoplefeelanxiousandthestretchofasmilecanmakethemfeelhappy,"headded.Dr.MagdalenaRychlowska,whoworksonfacialexpressions,emotionsandcultureatQueen'sUniversityBelfast,saidsuchstudiesweretremendouslybeneficial"forpsychology."Asaresearcherworkingonhowfacialmovementsinfluenceourfeelings,Iamdelightedtoseethatanindependentstudyfoundsupportforthefacialfeedbackassumption,"shesaid.17.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.Peoplerefusetoaccepttheidea.B.Peoplehavedifferentviewsontheidea.C.Theideagainspopularityquickly.D.Theideahasstoodthetestoftime.18.Onwhatbasisdidthepsychologistsgettheirfindings?A.Howthevolunteersfelt. B.Howthevolunteersacted.C.Howthevolunteerslooked. D.Howthevolunteersthought.19.WhydoesColesmaketheseremarksinparagraph5?A.Topraisehisresearchwork. B.Tostatehisresearchfindings.C.Toputforwardanewproject. D.Tocriticizethemistakenbelief.20.WhatdoesRychlowskatalkaboutconcerningtheresearchfindings?A.Itsindependence. B.Itsapplication. C.Itssignificance. D.Itsappeal.六、"Allofoursensesconvert(轉(zhuǎn)換)physicalenergyinthesurroundingworldintoelectricalresponses,whicharethecommoncurrencythatthenervoussystemuses,"saidJamesHudspethfromRockefellerUniversity.Hudspethsaid,"Ourearshavetoconvertmechanicalvibrations(震動)intheairintoelectricalresponses.Andthewaythisisdoneisthatthereareso-calledhaircells.Thesecellshavelittlemicroscopicbristles(剛毛),aboutahundredofthem,andonthetopofeachcell,thesebristlesvibratebackandforthinresponsetosound.Thatsetsupanelectricalsignalthatgoesdownanervefiberandintothebrain."Hudspethcontinued,"Therealquestioniswhathappenswiththesehaircellsastheydegenerate.Welosethemowingtoloudsoundsandcertaindrugs,andwelosethemwithaging.Whatcanbedonetorepairthemsothatwecanrestorehearing?"Anotherexpert,RobertFettiplacesaid,"Well,Imeantherearetwoaspectstothis,oneofwhichisthatyoucouldtryandregrowthem.Almostallhearinglossisduetodeathofthehaircellsorlackofformationoftheminthefirstplace.Thecellsarealldifferent."Hudspethsaid,"TheproblemsthatRoberthasmentionedgoformammals,includingourselves.Thesituationisdifferentwithotherfour-leggedanimals.But,inreptiles,includingbirds,thisregenerationisgoingonallthetime,likeinfish.Infact,youcantakeachickentoaconcert,blastingitsears.Theywillnicelyregenerate,andevenwithfrequency-specifichaircells,theywillreconnect,andtheanimalwillbeabletohearnormallyagain."Hudspethadded,"Iagreethatthereisanenormouschallenge,andthisiscertainlysomethingthatwon'thappenovernightinourselves.ButIdon'tthinkit'sahopelesstaskandIthinkbasicallywhatmanypeoplearetryingtodoisdecode(解碼)thesignalssentasthesehaircellsdevelop,andbydoingsotorecognizethesignalingpathwaysthatmightbereactivatetheoriginaldevelopmentandrestorehaircellsbythatmeans."21.Howistheconversionachievedaccordingtothetext?A.Throughthebrain. B.Throughhaircells.C.Throughphysicalenergy. D.Throughcertaindrugs.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"degenerate"inparagraph3mean?A.Proceed. B.Form. C.Worsen. D.Extend.23.Whatdoestheenormouschallengementionedinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Restoringhearing. B.Receivingsignals.C.Replacingcells. D.Reconnectingpathways.24.Whichmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howdoelectricalresponseswork?B.Howcanwedecodehearingsignals?C.Whatresultsinmechanicalvibrations?D.Whatcananimalsteachhearingresearchers?七、What'sadustdevil(塵卷風)soundlikeonMars?America'sPerseverance,avehicleusedtoexploreMars,recordedtheloudnoisewhenonepasseddirectlyoverhead.It'sabout10secondsofsoundsofnotonlythewindblowingupto40kph,buthundredsofdustgrainshittingthevehicle.Scientistsreleasedthefirst-of-its-kindaudio(音頻)Tuesday.ItsoundsstrikinglysimilartodustdevilsonEarth,althoughquietersinceMars'thinatmospheremakesformoremutedsoundsandlessforcefulwind.ThedustdevilcameandwentoverPerseverancequicklylastyear,thustheshortlengthoftheaudio,saidtheUniversityofToulouse'sNaomiMurdoch.Atthesametime,thecameraontheparkedrover(探測器)shotimages,whileitsweather-monitoringinstrumentcollecteddata."Itwasfullycaughtred-handed,whichgreatlyshookme.Catchingadustdevilinspacereallytakessomeluck,"saidGermanMartinezoftheLunarandPlanetaryInstituteinHouston.PhotographedfordecadesonMarsbutneverhearduntilnow,dustdevilsarecommonontheredplanet.Thisonewasintheaveragerangeatleast118meterstalland25metersacross,travelingat5meterspersecond.Giventhattherover'smicrophoneisturnedonforlessthanthreeminuteseveryfewdays,Murdochsaiditwas"definitelyluck"thatthedustdevilappearedwhenitdid.Shesaidtherewasjusta1-in-200chanceofrecordingthedust-devilsoundandthatofthe84minutescollectedinitsfirstyear,therewas"onlyonedustdevilrecording".ThissamemicrophoneonPerseveranceprovidedthefirstsoundsfromMars—namelytheMartianwind—soonaftertheroverlandedonMars.Itfollowedupwithaudiooftheroverdrivingaroundanditscompanionhelicopterflyingnearby.TheserecordingsallowscientiststostudytheMartianwind,suddenandviolentmovementsofair,andnowdustmovementasneverbefore,Murdochsaid.25.Whichisclosestinmeaningto"muted"inparagraph1?A.Weak. B.Sharp. C.Strange. D.Clear.26.WhatdoesMartinezthinkofPerseverance'scatchingthedustdevil?A.Predictable. B.Well-timed. C.Inspirational. D.Mind-blowing.27.WhatdoesMurdochsayabouttherecordeddustdevil?A.Itlastedfor84minutes. B.Itwentbeyondtheaveragerange.C.Itwascaughtjustbychance. D.ItwasthefirsttobefoundonMars.28.WhatcantherecordingsonPerseverancehelpscientistsgaininsightinto?A.HowtheMartianwindismeasured.B.HowdustistransportedaroundMars.C.Howairmovementsimpacttherover.D.Howroversworkwithhelicoptersinspace.八、Severalyearsago,acousinIhadlosttouchwithsinceIwasateenagerdroppedbymyhouse.Atthelivingroomentryway,hestoppedindeadsilence,hiseyesfixedonthebookshelvescoveringtheentirebackwall."Haveyoureadthemall?"heaskedme,almostfrightened."Yes,"Isaid,"justabout."Heshookhisheadinsilence,asifthiswasafeat(技藝)thathaddemandedmucheffort.Asforhim,hehadtoleaveschoolatfourteen,workingwhereverhecould.Hisfamilydidnothavebooks.IonlyrecallseeingthecomicbookTarzanlyingaroundonthetable.Thememoryofthisscenewithmycousinmakesmefeeluneasy.Ithidesanevenbitterone.Iwasbetweenfifteenandeighteenyearsold.Imusthaveblamedmyfatherfor"notbeinginterestedinanything",forreadingonlyParis-Normandie,thelocalnewspaper.Usuallysocalmandtolerantregardingtherudenessofhisonlydaughter,herepliedseriously,"Booksaregoodforyou.Butasforme,Idon'tneedthemtolive."Thesewordshavestretchedacrosstimeandfixedinsideme,likeapainandanunbearablereality.Iunderstoodverywellwhatmyfathermeant.ReadingAlexandreDumas,Flaubert,Camuswouldnothaveservedanypracticalpurposeinhisworkasacaféowner.Ontheotherhand,inthefuturehehopedforme,hevaguelyknewthatbooksheldweight,andthattheyformedpartofadefiningpackage—"culturalbaggage"—thatincludedthetheater,theoperaandwintersports—asuperiorsocialworld.Iunderstoodallthatbutitwassohardtoaccept.Irefusedtothinkthattheworldofbookswouldstayforeverclosedtothehumanbeingwhowasdearesttome.AsIthinkaboutreasonsforreading,myfather'swordscomebacktomeinsistently,likeapersonalandunsolvablecontradiction.No,toreadisnottolive,butIhavealwayslivedwithbooks.29.Whatdoesparagraph1tellusaboutthewriter?A.Herhavingreadmanybooksamazedhercousin.B.Hercousinquitschoolearlyandhadnobooksatall.C.Shecompletelyfinishedreadingthebooksontheshelves.D.Hercousinwasfrightenedtodeathuponseeingthebooks.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"one"refertoinparagraph2?A.Anidea. B.Anemotion. C.Amemory. D.Arelative.31.Whatdoesthewriterfinditdifficulttoaccept?A.Thebittermemoryofasadchildhood.B.Thestricttoneinwhichherfatherspoke.C.Thefearoffallingshortofherfather'sexpectations.D.Herfather'signoranceoftheimportanceofreading.32.Whatisthepassagegoingtotalkaboutnext?A.Whythewriterenjoysreadingbooks.B.Whatseparatesthewriterfromhercousin.C.Whatthewriter'sfatherreallymeant.D.Howotherconflictserupted.

答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Themoreadvertisementstheysee，themorelikelytheyaretoinsistonpurchasingitemswhengoingwiththeirparentsandperhapsmakeafussiftold'no'.Allthatmayincreaseparents'overallstresswellbeyondasingleshoppingtrip."saidleadstudyauthorMatthewLapierre.（該研究的主要作者MatthewLapierre說："他們看到的廣告越多，就越有可能在和父母一起購物時堅持購買物品，如果被告知'不'，他們可能會大驚小怪。所有這些都可能會增加父母的整體壓力，遠遠超過一次購物之旅。"）可知，MatthewLapierre在研究中試圖探索孩子們看電視給父母帶來的壓力。故選C。2.答案：A解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句"Commercialcontentisthereforareason：to

elicitpurchasingbehavior.（商業(yè)內(nèi)容的存在是有原因的：elicit購買行為。）并結(jié)合常識可知，商業(yè)內(nèi)容會引發(fā)購買行為。故elicit意為"引發(fā)；引起"。A.Cause引起；B.Challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.Practise練習；D.Guarantee保證。故選A。3.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Advertisersarefindingcreativewaysaroundthat，forexample，throughproductplacementandintegrated（綜合的）brandinginashow，Lapierresaid.Andadvertisingtowardchildrenremainsamultibillion-dollarindustry.（Lapierre說，廣告商正在尋找創(chuàng)造性的方法來解決這一問題，例如在節(jié)目中植入產(chǎn)品和整合品牌。面向兒童的廣告仍然是一個價值數(shù)十億美元的行業(yè)）可推知，Lapierre認為流媒體服務中投放廣告是一種向兒童推銷產(chǎn)品或品牌的隱蔽方式。故選B。4.答案：D解析：標題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段There'sbadnewsforparentswhofrequentlyleavetheirkidsinfrontoftheTV：Itmightactuallyendupleavingmomsanddadsmorestressed.（對于那些經(jīng)常把孩子放在電視機前的父母來說，有一個壞消息：這實際上可能會讓父母壓力更大）可知，本文主要介紹一項研究結(jié)果孩子接觸電視會讓父母壓力更大。D項"Kids'exposuretoTVmakesparentsmorestressed（孩子接觸電視會讓父母壓力更大）"最能概括本文主旨。故選D。5.答案：B解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由第二段"Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.""thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages."可知，新動物福利法要求圈養(yǎng)母雞和肉用小豬需給予更多的空間，不能讓它們活動受限。故B項正確。6.答案：C解析：考查詞義推斷。由第三段"butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice."可知，其他生產(chǎn)商過去幾年都在抗議新動物福利法，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明"SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,"一些大公司是愿意去按新法的規(guī)定去做的，所以pledged的意思是承諾。故C項正確。7.答案：B解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由第三段"Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply."豬肉生產(chǎn)商需要很長的時間去遵守這個新的動物福利法，"SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoimplementit."大的生產(chǎn)商承諾去做，其他生產(chǎn)商過去幾年都在抗議新法。故B項正確。8.答案：D解析：考查推理判斷。由第二段"Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove."第三段"Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoreconfiguretheirfarms."以及最后一段"It'sapricetheanimalsshouldn'thavetopay."可知，作者認為新法規(guī)定商業(yè)養(yǎng)殖動物需給予更多的活動空間是非常人性化的關懷與做法，進而帶來的豬肉價格成本上漲也是人類應付出的代價。豬肉生產(chǎn)商對新法的抵制毫無意義浪費時間。所以作者對新法非常支持。故D項正確。9.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句Butreservoirs(水庫)andwateringsystemsforagriculturecausedittodisappear可知，但是用于農(nóng)業(yè)的水庫和灌溉系統(tǒng)使圖萊里湖(TulareLake)消失了。即是人類行為導致了該湖泊的消失。10.答案：D解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)此處前后文的內(nèi)容可知，加州近年來天氣非常干燥。城市和農(nóng)村社區(qū)都為今年的冬雨歡呼雀躍。如果天氣慢慢變暖，雪不會很快融化，可能很少或沒有洪水。但是，如果天氣迅速變熱，將帶來太多的積雪融化的麻煩。此處acclaimed的意思是"歡迎"，與welcomed是同義詞。11.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的第三句Iftheweathergetswarmerslowly,thesnowwillnotmeltquicklyandtheremaybelittleornoflooding可知，如果天氣慢慢變暖，雪不會很快融化，可能很少或沒有洪水。即加州人期待天氣將逐漸變暖。12.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句的內(nèi)容可知，"這一直是一個工程問題，"他說。"這是一個沒有出口的浴缸"。即這種地理環(huán)境排水困難，對付洪水是很困難的。13.答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二和三句"Thismeansmorehomes,roadsandotherinfrastructure.InIndiaalone,acitythesizeofChicagowillhavetobedevelopedeveryyeartomeetdemandforhousing."(這意味著更多的房屋、道路和其他基礎設施。僅在印度，芝加哥這樣規(guī)模的城市每年都要開發(fā)，以滿足住房需求。)可知，第1段提到印度是為了證明城市人口的增加意味著需要更多的房屋等基礎設施，由此導致了對建筑材料的巨大需求。故選D項。14.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句"Inaddition,engineeredtimberisusuallymadeintolargesectionsinafactoryforfutureuse,whichreducesthenumberofdeliveriestoaconstructionsite."(此外，工程木材通常在工廠生產(chǎn)成大塊以備將來使用，這減少了交付到建筑工地的數(shù)量。)可知，關于工程木材我們能了解到它有助于在運輸中節(jié)省能源。故選C項。15.答案：B解析：猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句和二句"AccordingtoMichaelRamageoftheUniversityofCambridge,awoodenb