六級(jí)真題-歷年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題解析

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2021年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題及答案

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Schoolsarenotjustamicrocosm（縮影）ofsociety;

theymediateittoo.Thebestseektoalleviatethe

externalpressuresontheirpupilswhileequippingthem

bettertounderstandandhandletheworldoutside--

atonceshelteringthemandbroadeningtheirhorizons.

Thisisambitiousinanycircumstances,andinadivided

andunequalsocietythetwoidealscanclash

outright（直接地）.

Tripsthatmanyadultswouldconsidertheadventure

ofalifetime-treksinBorneo,asportstourto

Barbados——appeartohavebecomealmostroutineatsome

stateschools.Parentsarebeingaskedforthousands

ofpounds.Thoughschoolscannotprofitfromthese

trips,thecompaniesthatarrangethemdo.Meanwhile,

pupilsarriveatschoolhungrybecausetheirfamilies

cantaffordbreakfast.TheChildPovertyActionGroup

saysnineoutof30ineveryclassroomfallbelowthe

povertyline.Thediscrepancyisstartlinglyapparent.

Introducingafundraisingrequirementforstudents

doesnothelp,asbetter-offchildrencantapupricher

auntsandneighbours.

Probingtherockpoolsofalocalbeachor

practisingFrenchonalanguageexchangecanfire

childrenspassions,boosttheirskillsandopentheir

eyestolifespossibilities.Educationaloutingshelp

brightbutdisadvantagedstudentstogetbetterscores

inA-leveltests.Inthisglobalisedage,thereisa

goodcaseforinternationaltravel,andsomeparents

saytheycanmanagethecostofaschooltripabroad

moreeasilythanafamilyholiday.Eveninthefaceof

immenseandmountingfinancialpressures,someschools

haveshownremarkabledeterminationandingenuityin

ensuringthatalltheirpupilsareabletotakeup

opportunitiesthatmaybetrulylife-changing.They

shouldbeapplauded.Methodssuchaswhole-school

fundraising,withtheproceeds（收益）pooled,canhelp

toextendopportunitiesandfuelcommunityspirit.

But3,000poundstripscannotbejustifiedwhenthe

averageincomeforfamilieswithchildrenisjustover

30,000pounds.Suchinitiativesclosedoorsformany

pupils.Someparentspulltheirchildrenoutofschool

becauseofexpensivefieldtrips.Evenparentswhocan

seethatatripislittlemorethanapartyor

celebrationmaywellfeelguiltthattheirchildisleft

behind.

TheDepartmentforEducationsguidancesays

schoolscanchargeonlyforboardandlodgingifthe

tripispartofthesyllabus,andthatstudents

receivinggovernmentaidareexemptfromthesecosts.

However,manyschoolsseemtoignoretheadvice;and

itdoesnotcoverthekindofglamorous,exotictrips,

whicharebecomingincreasinglycommon.Schoolscannot

beexpectedtobringtogethercommunities

single-handed.Butrheleastweshouldexpectisthat

theydonotfosterdivisionsandexcludethosewhoare

alreadydisadvantaged.

46.Whatdoestheauthorsaybestschoolsshould

do?

A)Preparestudentstobothchallengeandchange

thedividedunequalsociety.

B)Protectstudentsfromsocialpressuresand

enablethemtofacetheworld.

C)Motivatestudentstodeveloptheirphysicalas

wellasintellectualabilities.

D)Encouragestudentstobeambitiousandhelpthem

toachievetheirgoals.

47.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutschoolfield

trips?

A)Theyenablestudentsfromdifferentbackgrounds

tomixwitheachother.

B)Theywidenthegapbetweenprivilegedand

disadvantagedstudents.

C)Theygivethedisadvantagedstudentsachance

toseetheworld.

D)Theyonlybenefitstudentswithrichrelatives

andneighbours.

48.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestcanhelpbuild

communityspirit?

A)Eventsaimingtoimprovecommunityservices.

B)Activitiesthathelptofuelstudentsingenuity.

C)Eventsthatrequiremutualunderstanding,

D)Activitiesinvolvingallstudentsoncampus.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutlow-incomeparents

regardingschoolfieldtrips?

A)Theywanttheirchildrentoparticipateeven

thoughtheydontseemuchbenefit.

B)Theydontwanttheirkidstoparticipatebutfind

ithardtokeepthemfromgoing.

C)Theydontwanttheirkidstomissanychanceto

broadentheirhorizonsdespitethecost.

D)Theywanttheirchildrentoexperience

adventuresbuttheydontwantthemtorunrisks.

50.Whatistheauthorsexpectationofschools?

A)Bringingacommunitytogetherwithingenuity.

B)Resolvingtheexistingdiscrepanciesinsociety.

C)Avoidingcreatingnewgapsamongstudents.

D)Givingpoorstudentspreferentialtreatment.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

Risingtemperaturesandoverfishinginthe

pristine（未受污染的）watersaroundtheAntarcticcould

seekingpenguinpopulationspushedtothebrinkof

extinctionbytheendofthecentury,accordingtoa

newstudy.Thestudysreportstatesthatasglobal

warmingtransformstheenvironmentintheworldslast

greatwilderness,70percentofkingpenguinscould

eitherdisappearorbeforcedtofindnewbreeding

grounds.

Co-authorCelineLeBohec,fromtheUniversityof

StrasbourginFrance,warned:Ifthererenoactions

aimedathaltingorcontrollingglobalwarming,andthe

paceofthecurrenthuman-inducedchangessuchas

climatechangeandoverfishingstaysthesame,the

speciesmaysoondisappear.Thefindingscomeamid

growingconcernoverthefutureoftheAntarctic.

Earlierthismonthaseparatestudyfoundthata

combinationofclimatechangeandindustrialfishing

isthreateningthekrill（磷蝦）populationinAntarctic

waters,withapotentiallydisastrousimpactonwhales,

sealsandpenguins.Buttodaysreportisthestarkest

warmingyetofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactof

climatechangeandhumanexploitationontheAntarctics

delicateecosystems.

LeBohecsaid:Unlesscurrentgreenhousegas

emissionsdrop,70percentofkingpenguins-1.1

millionbreedingpairs-willbeforcedtorelocate

theirbreedinggrounds,orfaceextinctionby2100.

Kingpenguinsarethesecond-largesttypeofpenguin

andonlybreedonspecificisolatedislandsinthe

SouthernOceanwherethereisnoicecoverandeasy

accesstothesea.Astheoceanwarms,abodyofwater

calledtheAntarcticPolarFront-anupwardmovement

ofnutrient-richseathatsupportsahugeabundanceof

marinelife-isbeingpushedfurthersouth.Thismeans

thatkingpenguins,whichfeedonfishandkillinthis

bodyofwater,havetotravelfurthertotheirfeeding

grounds,leavingtheirhungrychicksforlonger.And

asthedistancebetweentheirbreeding,groundsand

theirfoolprows,entirecoloniescouldbewipedout.

LeBohecsaid:Theplightofthekingpenguinshould

serveasawarmingaboutthefutureoftheentiremarine

environmentintheAntarctic.Penguins,likeother

seabirdsandmarinemammals,occupyhigherlevelsin

thefoodchainandtheyarewhatwecallbio-indicators

oftheirecosystems.Penguinsaresensitiveindicators

ofchangesinmarineecosystems.Assuch,theyarekey

speciesforunderstandingandpredictingimpactsof

globalchangeonAntarcticandsub-Antarcticmarine

ecosystems.Thereportfoundthatalthoughsomeking

penguinsmaybeabletorelocatetonewbreedinggrounds

closertotheirretreatingfoodsource,suitablenew

habitatswouldbescarce.Onlyahandfulofislandsin

theSouthernOceanaresuitableforsustaininglarge

breedingcolonies.

51.Whatwillhappenby2100,accordingtoanew

study?

A)KingpenguinsintheAntarcticwillbeonthe

vergeofdyingout.

B)Seawaterwillrisetoamuchhigherlevelaround

theAntarctic.

C)Themeltingicecoverwilldestroythegreat

Antarcticwilderness.

D)ThepristinewatersaroundtheAntarcticwill

disappearforever.

52.Whatdowelearnfromthefindingsofaseparate

study?

A)Shrinkingkrillpopulationandrising

temperaturescouldforceAntarcticwhalestomigrate.

B)Humanactivitieshaveacceleratedclimate

changeintheAntarcticregioninrecentyears.

C)Industrialfishingandclimatechangecouldbe

fataltocertainAntarcticspecies.

D)KrillfishingintheAntarctichasworsenedthe

pollutionofthepristinewaters.

53.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkingpenguins?

A)Theywillturnouttobethesecond-largest

speciesofbirdstobecomeextinct.

B)Manyofthemwillhavetomigratetoisolated

islandsintheSouthernOcean.

C)Theyfeedprimarilyononlyafewkindsofkrill

intheAntarcticPolarFront.

D)Themajorityofthemmayhavetofindnew

breedinggroundsinthefuture.

54.Whathappenswhensealevelsriseinthe

Antarctic?

A)Manybabykingpenguinscanthavefoodintime.

B)Manykingpenguinscouldnolongerliveonkill.

C)Whaleswillinvadekingpenguinsbreeding

grounds.

D)Whaleswillhavetotravellongdistancestofind

food.

55.WhatdowelearnabouttheSouthernOcean?

A)Thekingpenguinstherearereluctanttoleave

fornewbreedinggrounds.

B)Itsconservationiskeytothesustainable

propagationofAntarcticspecies.

C)Itismostlikelytobecometheultimateretreat

forspecieslikethekingpenguin.

D)Onlyafewofitsislandscanserveasluge

breedinggroundsforkingpenguins.

Passageone

46.B

47.B

48.D

49.A

50.C

Passagetwo

51.A

52.C

53.D

54.A

55.D

2021年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題及答案

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-American

FederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists(SAG-AFTRA)

hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishers

overgamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2021.

Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsofthe

industry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,Insomniac

Games,ActivisionandDisney.

Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19

monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglabor

contractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreement

expiredinlate2021.Overall,thestrikeisaneffort

toprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithother

concerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentand

on-set(制作中)safetyprecautions.

Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecent

years.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustry

isinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.

In2021,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomestic

revenue.

ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdontreceive

residuals（追力口酬金）fortheirgamingwork.Instead,

theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout

$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothe

voiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondary

compensation--aperformancebonuseverytimeagame

sells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2

millionsubscribers,withacapat8million.

Itsaverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtrigger

thissecondarycompensationissue,saidvoiceactor

CrispinFreeman,whosamemberoftheunions

negotiatingcommittee.Thisisanimportantaspectof

whatitmeanstobeafreelance（從事自由職業(yè)的）

performer,whoisntregularlyemployedeverysingle

dayworkingonprojects.

Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthe

secrecyoftheindustry.Icantimagineiftheresany

otheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudontknowwhat

showyourein,whenyourehired,saysvoiceactorKeythe

Farley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee.

Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogame

world,Farleytoldreportersduringapressconference

Friday.IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacter

bythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoing

vocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearand

ahalf.

ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideo

gamecompanies,saysvoiceactorsrepresentlessthan

onetenthof1percentoftheworkthatgoesintomaking

avideogame.Soeventhoughtheyrethetopcraftsmen

intheirfield,Witlinsays,ifwepaythemundera

vastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9

percentofthework,thatsgoingtocreatefarmore

problemsforthevideogamecompanies.

46.WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsome

videogamepublishers?

A)Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeen

violated.

B)Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeen

rejected.

C)Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19months

oftalks.

D)Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.

47.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthe

videogamingindustry?

A)Ithasreapedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.

B)Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.

C)Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.

D)Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.

48.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?

A)Moreregularemployment.

B)Anon-discriminatorycontract.

C)Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues.

D)Alimitonthemaximumworkhours.

49.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?

A)Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsof

theirjob.

B)Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegaming

industry.

C)Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.

D)Theyarenotemployedfull-time.

50.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?

A)Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseifthey

provetobetopcraftsmen.

B)Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustry

moreproblems.

C)Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,not

professionalperformers.

D)Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinline

withthelaw.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowing

passage.

OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspace

policyfocusedonmanagingtheincreasingnumberof

satellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsare

launchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysout

generalguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate

(緩解)theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanage

trafficinspace.

ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentof

Commercetotakeoverthemanagementoftrafficinspace.

Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunched

satellitesdontuseradiofrequenciesthatwould

interferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhen

suchnewsatellitescanbelaunched.Thisonlyapplies

toAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthatit

willhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawning

commercialspaceflightindustrythroughouttheworld.

Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundour

planet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmoregovernmentsand

companieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicy

isthatcompaniesarealreadystartingtobuildmassive

constellations（星座），comprisinghundredsor

thousandsofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamong

them.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimitedarea

aroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethe

chancesofacollision.Twoormoresatellitesslamming

intoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-control

bitsthatwouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowing

collectionofsatellitesinspace.

Anditsnotlikethishasnthappenedbefore.In2021

anoldRussiancraftslammedintoacommunications

satellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesof

debrisandputtingotherhardwareatrisk.Journalist

SarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout

24,000objectsinspace,andin2021theAirForcehad

toissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteowners

alertingthemtoapotentialnearbythreatfromanother

satelliteorbitofdebris.

Thatswhythisnewpolicyalsoincludesdirections

toupdatethecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebris

MitigationStandardPractices,whichalreadyrequire

anyentitythatlaunchesasatelliteorspacecraftto

vigorouslyanalyzethelikelihoodthatanyoftheir

actions,fromanunexpectedfailureornormal

operations,willcreatemorespacedebris.Itincludes

accountingforanypieceofdebristheyplantorelease

over5mmthatmightstayinorbitfor25yearsormore.

Itmightseemsurprisingtothinkaboutanitemstaying

inspaceforthatlong,buttheoldestsatellitestill

inorbit-Vanguard1-turned60in2021.

Agenciesandcompaniesthroughouttheworldare

workingondevelopingtechnologythatwoulddisposeof

orcapturespacedebrisbeforeitcausesseriousdamage.

Butfornow,theU.S.governmentismorefocusedon

preventingnewdebrisfromformingthan