【譯林高一下】江蘇省鹽城市2021-2022學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期終考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2/2江蘇省鹽城市2021-2022學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期終考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Attendaclass.B.Listentomusic.C.Havelunch.2.Whereisthemanprobablygoingnow?A.Toagiftshop.B.Tohisbrother'shouse.C.TotheChildren'sCenter.3.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hishandsgotinjured.B.Hispaintinglooksterrible.C.Thereispaintonhishands.4.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Shopforfood.B.Cookdinner.C.Dothedishes.5.Howmanyquestionsmustthestudentsanswer?A.5.B.10.C.12.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Neighbours.C.Friends7.Wherewillthewomangonext?A.Toaclassroom.B.Toalibrary.C.Toagym.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howlongwasthewoman'sholidayintotal?A.Oneweek.B.Tendays.C.Twoweeks.9.Whatdoesthemanprefertodo?A.Goskiing.B.Stayinthecity.C.Driveinthemountains.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wherearethespeakers?A.InParis.B.InToronto.C.InNewYorkCity.11.WhatisJohnstudying?A.Literature.B.History.C.Art.12.Whatarethespeakersgoingtobuy?A.Wine.B.Bread.C.Cheese.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13Whatdothespeakerstalkaboutfirst?A.Theman'sfavoriteactor.B.Theman'sfavoritecountry.C.Thewoman'sfavoritemovie.14.WhatimpressesthemanmostaboutTokyo?A.Theweather.B.Thepeople.C.Thefood.15.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofBarcelona?A.It'snoisy.B.Itslifeiscolorful.C.Itslivingcostishigh.16.Whatdoesthewomanlikedoingattheseaside?A.Readingbooks.B.Playingvolleyball.C.Havingabarbecue.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Aschoollibrary.B.Anonlineservice.C.Aneworganization.18.WhatcanpeopledothroughBookCrossing?A.Buybooks.B.Sellbooks.C.Sharebooks.19.Howcanmembersgetinformationaboutthephysicalbooks?A.Byviewinganonlinelist.B.Bymakingaphonecall.C.Bysendingane-mail.20.Whichcolorshowsthenumberofbooksputoverthelast30days?A.Red.B.Yellow.C.Blue.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestUkrainianMoviesofthePastDecadeInthepasttenyears,Ukrainianmovieshavereceivedtheattentionoffilmfestivals,makinganimpactoncinema.Thesearesomeofthebestofthedecade.TheTribeMyroslavSlaboshpytskyi's2014crimedramaTheTribeisthemostsuccessfulUkrainianmovie;thefilmwon29awards,including4awardsatCannesFilmFestival.TheTribeisasilentmoviewithonlysignlanguage.Itisareallyshockingandsadfilmaboutthedarksideofaschoolofthedeaf.MyThoughtsAreSilentMyThoughtsAreSilentisafilmfromAntonioLukich,acomedyabouttwo-meter-tallVadim,whohastorecordthevoiceofaveryrarebirdfromWesternUkraine.Todothis,Vadimgoesonatripwithhismother,ataxidriver.Theirjourneyisfullofmisunderstandings,butatthesametime,jokesandwarmth.MyThoughtsAreSilentisatrulyspecialandemotionalfilm.HumanwithaStoolIn2004,directorandtravelerLeonidKantercameupwithacrazyidea;hedecidedtobringfourstools（凳子）fromhiskitchentotheshoresofthefouroceans.Kanterandhisfriends,agroupoffriendlydreamers,setoutonajourneywithalmostnomoney.The2019documentaryfilmHumanwithaStooltellsthestoryoftheirextraordinaryadventure.In2018,Kanterpassedaway,andhisfriendsfinishedHumanwithaStoolwithouthim.VolcanoThe2018comedy-dramaVolcanobyRomanBondarchukfollowsaforeignerLukas,whocomestoUkrainetocarryoutatask.IntheUkrainianvillage,LucasmeetsastrangemannamedVova,whoshowsLucastheamazingworldoftheUkrainianprovince.Volcanowon9awards,includingtheawardsatfestivalsinBrazil,SwitzerlandandChina.Itisabeautifullymadework,bothpoeticandfunnyatthesametime.1.Whichfilmwillyougotoifyouareinterestedinasilentmovie?A.TheTribe. B.MyThoughtsAreSilent.C.HumanwithaStool. D.Volcano.2.Whichdirectordiedwithhis/hermovieunfinished?A.LeonidKanter. B.AntonioLukich.C.MyroslavSlaboshpytskyi. D.RomanBondarchuk.3.WhatdoMyThoughtsAreSilentandVolcanohaveincommon?A.Theyarebothdocumentaries. B.Theyarebothamusing.C.Theybothfocusonfriendship. D.Theybothtellthestoryofdisasters.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾部過(guò)去十年烏克蘭最佳電影。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheTribe下列段落中“TheTribeisasilentmoviewithonlysignlanguage.(《TheTribe》是一部只有手語(yǔ)的無(wú)聲電影。)”可知，如果你對(duì)無(wú)聲電影感興趣，你應(yīng)該去看《TheTribe》。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HumanwithaStool下列段落中“In2018,Kanterpassedaway,andhisfriendsfinishedHumanwithaStoolwithouthim.(2018年，Kanter去世，他的朋友們?cè)跊]有他的情況下完成了《HumanwithaStool》。)”可知，LeonidKanter在電影未完成時(shí)去世了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MyThoughtsAreSilent下列段落中“Theirjourneyisfullofmisunderstandings,butatthesametime,jokesandwarmth.(他們的旅程充滿了誤會(huì)，但同時(shí)也充滿了笑話和溫暖。)”和Volcano下列段落中“Itisabeautifullymadework,bothpoeticandfunnyatthesametime.(這是一部制作精美的作品，既富有詩(shī)意又很有趣。)”等內(nèi)容可知，這是兩部喜劇，它們都很有趣。故選B項(xiàng)。BAfteralongdayatwork,YuanHui,avolunteerteacherinavillageinEnshi,Hubeiprovince,decidedtostaybackintheofficeuntillate.Thisisthe10thyearofhisvolunteerteachingcareerintheCountryside.Locateddeepinthemountains,thevillagewasstruckbypoverty.Despiteallchallenges,Yuanbelievesthatitwasapreciousexperiencegrowingupamonghisstudents.“Ididnotcomehereonawhim.Iloveteachingfromthebottomofmyheart,”saysYuan,whoteachesavarietyofcourses,includinghistory,geographyandmusic,indifferentprimaryandmiddleschoolsinEnshi.“SinceIwasahighschoolstudent,I’vedreamedofbeingavolunteerteacher.Differentfromthetraditionalteachingstyle,Ifeelthereisanotherway,andIhopetohavetheopportunitytoputmyideasintopractice,”hesays,addingthathisteachingmayhaveagreaterimpactonstudentslivinginmountainvillageswithlimitededucationresources.“Spreadingjoyandknowledgeamongothersmakesmefeelsatisfied.Livinginthewoods,Iseemedtohavereachedadeepunderstandingwithnature,anddiscoveredtheessenceoflife,”hesays.WhenYuanfirststartedteaching,hevisitedeverystudent’sfamilyontheweekends.“Mostofthemwereleft-behindchildren,andsomewerefromsingle-parentfamilies,”saysYuan.Hedecidedtohelpthechildrenwiththeirstudiesbydevelopinggoodhabits.“Insuchcases,it’simportanttohelpthembuilduptheirconfidence,”saysYuan.Toachievethatgoal,Yuandesignedalotofactivity-basedcourses,encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesmoreconfidently.Yuan’suniqueteachingmethodsbecamemorepopularinthecounty,andotherschoolsinvitedhimtodeliverlectures.“IthinkI’mlivingahappylife,”hesaidinoneofhislectures.Overthepastyears,Yuanhaswonmanynationalhonors.“Ithinktheyarearesultofmydevotion.Onlythroughdevotioncanonepossessinnerpeaceandjoy,”hesays.4.Theunderlinedpart“onawhim”inparagraph2means________.A.outofkindness B.onpurposeC.duetoasuddenwish D.withouthesitation5.WhydidYuandesignalotofactivity-basedcourses?A.Tomakehisteachingeasy. B.Tomakehimselfpopular.C.Tomakehisstudentsconfident. D.Tomakehislifecolorful.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutYuanHuifromthepassage?A.HewasunsatisfiedwiththelivingconditionsinEnshi.B.Volunteeringinthevillagebroughthimmentalsatisfaction.C.Hisstudentswereleft-behindchildrenfromsingle-parentfamilies.D.Hisdreamofbeingavolunteerteacherstartedafterhefinishedhighschool.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYuanHui?A.Devotedandcreative. B.Criticalandrigid.C.Oddandintelligent. D.Mildandambitious.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了鄉(xiāng)村教師袁輝，他在農(nóng)村支教了十年。盡管面臨種種挑戰(zhàn)，袁認(rèn)為這是他在學(xué)生中成長(zhǎng)的寶貴經(jīng)歷。介紹了他是如何幫助學(xué)生建立自信的。【4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Iloveteachingfromthebottomofmyheart”可知，袁輝打心底里喜歡教書，所以不是因?yàn)橥蝗坏脑竿麃?lái)到這里的，故畫線詞意思是“由于一個(gè)突然的愿望”。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中““Insuchcases,it’simportanttohelpthembuilduptheirconfidence,”saysYuan.Toachievethatgoal,Yuandesignedalotofactivity-basedcourses,encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesmoreconfidently.(袁說(shuō)：“在這種情況下，幫助他們建立信心很重要?！睘榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，袁設(shè)計(jì)了很多以活動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的課程，鼓勵(lì)孩子們更自信地表達(dá)自己)”可知，袁設(shè)計(jì)大量的活動(dòng)型課程是為了讓他的學(xué)生自信。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Spreadingjoyandknowledgeamongothersmakesmefeelsatisfied.Livinginthewoods,Iseemedtohavereachedadeepunderstandingwithnature,anddiscoveredtheessenceoflife(在他人之間傳播快樂和知識(shí)讓我感到滿足。生活在森林里，我似乎對(duì)自然有了深刻的理解，發(fā)現(xiàn)了生命的本質(zhì))”可知，在村里做志愿者給袁輝帶來(lái)了精神上的滿足。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisisthe10thyearofhisvolunteerteachingcareerintheCountryside.(這是他在農(nóng)村支教的第10個(gè)年頭)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Toachievethatgoal,Yuandesignedalotofactivity-basedcourses,encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesmoreconfidently.Yuan’suniqueteachingmethodsbecamemorepopularinthecounty,andotherschoolsinvitedhimtodeliverlectures.(為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，袁設(shè)計(jì)了很多以活動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的課程，鼓勵(lì)孩子們更自信地表達(dá)自己。袁獨(dú)特的教學(xué)方法在縣里越來(lái)越受歡迎，其他學(xué)校也邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)做講座)”可推知，袁輝專注、有創(chuàng)造力。故選A。CDoesadversity(逆境)warmheartsorhardenthem?Recently,mygraduatestudentDanielandIsetouttoexploretherelationshipbetweenadversityandcompassion(同情).Weconductedastudyonlineandreachedmorethan200peoplefromallwalksoflife.Afteraskingthemaboutthehardshipstheyfacedandhowoftentheyexperiencedcompassion,weofferedthemthechancetodonatesomeofthemoneytheywereabouttobepaidfortakingpartinthestudytohelppeopleinneed.Theresultshowedthatthosewhohadfacedseriousadversitiesinlifefeelmorecompassionforsufferingpeople.Andasaresult,theydonatedmoremoney.Now,ifexperiencinganytypeofhardshipcanmakeapersonmorecompassionate,youmightassumethatthecompassionwouldbereachedwhensomeonehasexperiencedtheexactmisfortunethatanotherpersonisfacing.Interestingly,thisturnsouttobedeadwrong.InanarticlerecentlypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,theKelloggSchoolofManagementprofessorLoranNordgrenandhisteamfoundthatthehumanmindrefusestoworkasusualwhenitcomestorememberingitsownpasthardships:itregularlymakesthemappeartobelesspainfulthantheyactuallywere.Therefore,recallingabadexperienceinyourownpastmaymakeyouunderestimate(低估)thedifficultyofothers’challenges.Youovercameit,youthink;soshouldhe.Theresult?Youlackcompassion.Ourfindings,takentogetherwiththoseofProfessorNordgrenandhisteam,arethatlivingthroughhardshipsdoesn’teitherwarmheartsorhardenthem;itdoesboth.Knowingsufferinginlifeusuallyenhancesthecompassionwefeelforothers,exceptwhenthesufferinginvolvesspecificpainfuleventsthatweknowalltoowell.8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheauthor’sstudy?A.Thoseattendingithadtopayforit.B.Thoseattendingitwereaskedquestionsonly.C.Itismeanttoencouragepeopletohelpthoseinneed.D.Ittriestorevealtherelationshipbetweenadversityandcompassion.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A.People’scompassionforsufferingpeople.B.People’sunderstandingofothers’misfortune.C.ThefindingsofLoranNordgrenandhisteam.D.Theassumptionthatsharedmisfortunemayleadtocompassion.10.WhatdidProfessorNordgrenandhisteamfind?A.Hardshipsmakepeoplelostinsadmemories.B.Hardshipsleadtopeople’slackofcompassion.C.Peopletendtoremembertheirhardshipseasily.D.Peoplesufferingfromadversityareeasytobreakdown.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thewaytoovercomeadversity. B.Thefunnythingaboutadversity.C.Thehiddenbenefitsofadversity. D.Lessonspeoplelearnfromadversity.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是作者和研究生丹尼爾所進(jìn)行的對(duì)逆境和同情之間的關(guān)系的探索和研究，以及研究的有趣發(fā)現(xiàn)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Recently,mygraduatestudentDanielandIsetouttoexploretherelationshipbetweenadversityandcompassion(同情).(最近，我和我的研究生丹尼爾開始探索逆境和同情之間的關(guān)系)”可知，作者的研究試圖揭示逆境和同情之間的關(guān)系。故選D。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“Now,ifexperiencinganytypeofhardshipcanmakeapersonmorecompassionate,youmightassumethatthecompassionwouldbereachedwhensomeonehasexperiencedtheexactmisfortunethatanotherpersonisfacing.(現(xiàn)在，如果經(jīng)歷任何類型的困難可以讓一個(gè)人更有同情心，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為當(dāng)一個(gè)人經(jīng)歷了另一個(gè)人正面臨的不幸時(shí)，同情心就會(huì)達(dá)到)”和“Interestingly,thisturnsouttobedeadwrong.(有趣的是，事實(shí)證明這是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)的)”可知，this指代的是上文所說(shuō)的“共同的不幸可能導(dǎo)致同情”的假設(shè)。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“InanarticlerecentlypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,theKelloggSchoolofManagementprofessorLoranNordgrenandhisteamfoundthatthehumanmindrefusestoworkasusualwhenitcomestorememberingitsownpasthardships:itregularlymakesthemappeartobelesspainfulthantheyactuallywere.Therefore,recallingabadexperienceinyourownpastmaymakeyouunderestimate(低估)thedifficultyofothers’challenges.Youovercameit,youthink;soshouldhe.Theresult?Youlackcompassion.(在《人格與社會(huì)心理學(xué)雜志》最近發(fā)表的一篇文章中，凱洛格管理學(xué)院教授羅蘭·諾德格倫和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)回憶起自己過(guò)去的苦難時(shí)，人類的大腦拒絕像往常一樣工作：它經(jīng)常讓它們看起來(lái)比實(shí)際情況要少。因此，回憶自己過(guò)去的糟糕經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓你低估別人挑戰(zhàn)的難度。你認(rèn)為你克服了它；所以他應(yīng)該。結(jié)果呢？你缺乏同情心)”可知，諾德格倫教授和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)苦難導(dǎo)致人們?nèi)狈ν樾?。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的“Now,ifexperiencinganytypeofhardshipcanmakeapersonmorecompassionate,youmightassumethatthecompassionwouldbereachedwhensomeonehasexperiencedtheexactmisfortunethatanotherpersonisfacing.Interestingly,thisturnsouttobedeadwrong.(現(xiàn)在，如果經(jīng)歷任何類型的困難可以讓一個(gè)人更有同情心，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為當(dāng)一個(gè)人經(jīng)歷了另一個(gè)人正面臨的不幸時(shí)，同情心就會(huì)達(dá)到。有趣的是，事實(shí)證明這是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)的)”可知，本文主要講的是作者和研究生丹尼爾所進(jìn)行的對(duì)逆境和同情之間的關(guān)系的探索和研究，以及研究的有趣發(fā)現(xiàn)。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“Thefunnythingaboutadversity.(逆境的有趣之處)”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。D“Innovation,”MattRidleytellsusatthestartofhisnewbook,HowInnovationWorks,“isthemostimportantfactoraboutthemodernworld,butoneoftheleastwellunderstood.”Afterdecadesofcarefulstudy,we’restillnotcompletelysureaboutinnovation’scausesorhowitcanbestbedeveloped.Inthisbook,heistryingtomakethe“greatpuzzle”easiertounderstand.Inthefirsthalfofhisbook,wevisitwiththeearlydevelopersofthesteamengine,knowingtheeventsleadingtotheWrightbrothers’firstflight,andhearaboutthestoriesaboutinventorsandtheirinventions.Inthesecondhalfofhisbook,helooksclosely,chapterbychapter,atthefactorsthatshapeinnovations.Ridley’smostimportantchaptersarewherehecallsattentiontotheprocessofmakingnewthings.Innovation,hetellsus,isusuallyastep-by-stepjourney.ThiswasthecasewithThomasEdison,who,asRidleynotes,tried6,000differentmaterialsforhiselectriclight.AtRidley’sconclusionhetellsustheinnovation“isthechildoffreedomandtheparentofgoodlife”.Butitisunclearwhythehumandesiretomoveforwardisnowinthecrisisofbeingabandoned.Itseemsmorerealistictobelievethatseekinginnovationwillbejustfine,aslongaswekeepencouragingmenandwomenwhoaretryingtosolveimportantproblems.Andwedon’tnecessarilyhavetocreateanideatoexplainwhatmaybehappening.Forexample,ourscientistsandengineersarenowworkingaroundtheclockandaroundtheworldtofightofftheCOVID-19.Theyaresolvingabigproblemwithlotsoffunding,lotsoftalent,lotsofteamworkandlotsofambition.Isn’tthathowinnovationworks,too?12.MattRidley’snewbookisintendedto__________.A.encouragepeopletoinnovate B.sharestoriesaboutinnovationC.introducethehistoryofinnovation D.explorethewayinnovationworks13.WhatisthefirsthalfofMattRidley’snewbookmainlyabout?A.Thefactorsthatshapeinnovations.B.Howtheinventorsachievedsuccess.C.Introductiontosomeinnovationsinhistory.D.Howpeoplebenefitedfrominnovationsinthepast.14.Whichofthefollowingmaybelongto“innovation”?A.Workersapplytraditionalskillstoensuretheprofits.B.Farmersimprovetheirharvestbyexpandingfarmingland.C.Scientistsmakeeffortstocreatenewwaystoreducepollution.D.Teachersimprovestudents’academicperformancewithmorehomework.15.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Wecanpredictthefuturebyinnovating.B.Wewillfacecrisisifweneverinnovate.C.Innovationistosolveallimportantproblems.D.Innovationisthecombinationofmanyfactors.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是MattRidley的新書HowInnovationWorks的相關(guān)信息?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Afterdecadesofcarefulstudy,we’restillnotcompletelysureaboutinnovation’scausesorhowitcanbestbedeveloped.Inthisbook,heistryingtomakethe“greatpuzzle”easiertounderstand.(經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的仔細(xì)研究，我們?nèi)匀徊煌耆_定創(chuàng)新的原因，也不確定如何才能最好地發(fā)展創(chuàng)新。在這本書中，他試圖讓這個(gè)“大難題”更容易理解。)”及最后一段的“Isn’tthathowinnovationworks,too?(這不也是創(chuàng)新的運(yùn)作方式嗎？)”可知，馬特·里德利的新書目的是探索創(chuàng)新的工作方式，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inthefirsthalfofhisbook,wevisitwiththeearlydevelopersofthesteamengine,knowingtheeventsleadingtotheWrightbrothers’firstflight,andhearaboutthestoriesaboutinventorsandtheirinventions.(在他的書的前半部分，我們參觀了蒸汽機(jī)的早期開發(fā)者，了解了導(dǎo)致萊特兄弟第一次飛行的事件，并聽到了關(guān)于發(fā)明家和他們的發(fā)明的故事。)”可知，MattRidley的新書的前半部分主要講的是歷史上的一些創(chuàng)新。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Itseemsmorerealistictobelievethatseekinginnovationwillbejustfine,aslongaswekeepencouragingmenandwomenwhoaretryingtosolveimportantproblems.Andwedon’tnecessarilyhavetocreateanideatoexplainwhatmaybehappening.(更現(xiàn)實(shí)的說(shuō)法是，只要我們繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)那些試圖解決重要問題的男性和女性，尋求創(chuàng)新就可以了。我們不需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)想法來(lái)解釋可能發(fā)生的事情。)”可知，為了解決重要問題所做的努力可以被稱為創(chuàng)新，因此C選項(xiàng)“Scientistsmakeeffortstocreatenewwaystoreducepollution.(科學(xué)家們努力創(chuàng)造減少污染的新方法。)”是創(chuàng)新，故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Forexample,ourscientistsandengineersarenowworkingaroundtheclockandaroundtheworldtofightofftheCOVID-19.Theyaresolvingabigproblemwithlotsoffunding,lotsoftalent,lotsofteamworkandlotsofambition.(例如，我們的科學(xué)家和工程師正在世界各地夜以繼日地抗擊新冠肺炎。他們正在用大量的資金、大量的人才、大量的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和雄心來(lái)解決一個(gè)大問題。)”可知，創(chuàng)新是多種因素的結(jié)合。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheLatestandGreatestWaystoReduceYourCarbonFootprintAtthispointweknowthatwe’refacingaclimatecrisis.CO?levelsareattheirhighestin650,000years,whichiswhywe’veheardalotaboutour“carbonfootprint.”___16___Essentially,yourcarbonfootprintistheamountofCO?emissions(排放)resultingfromeachofyourdailyactivities,aswellastheproductsyouconsume.Whetheryourealizeitornot,itaffectstheenvironment.So,howcanwereduceourcarbonfootprint?___17___Changetosmartlightbulbs(燈泡)You’veprobablyalreadymadethechangefromtraditionallightbulbstoenergy-efficientLEDbulbs.That’sagreatfirststep,butyoucandoonebetterbychangingtosmartLEDbulbs.___18___ThesebulbscanwirelesslyconnecttotheInternetandmostimportantly,yoursmartphone,enablingyoutoturnonthelightsorchangethecoloreasily.UseanotebookcomputerinsteadofadesktopcomputerConsidergettinganotebookinsteadofadesktop,becauseituseslessenergy.Specifically,notebooksuseupto80percentlesselectricitythandesktops,usingbetweenone-fifthandone-thirdasmuchenergy.___19___Notebookcomputersareanadditional20percentmorepowerefficientwhenrunningonACadapter(適配器)poweroverbatterypower.RethinkyourtransportationstrategyNoteveryonehastheoptionofwalking,biking,ortakingpublictransportationtowork,butifyoudo,thosearethebestwaystoreduceyourtransportation-relatedcarbonfootprint.___20___Ifthisisthecase,youmaywanttoconsiderusinganelectriccar.Whileonlyafewyearsagothesecarsseemedimaginary,they’renowprettystandard,andelectricchargingstationsaregettingmorecommon.Takingtheseveryworkablestepsisagoodstart.Doingyourparttoprotecttheplanetcanbeaseasyasmakingsmall,strategicchangestoyoureverydayroutine.A.Whatmakesthemsmart?B.Besides,anaddedbenefitexists.C.But,whatexactlyisacarbonfootprint?D.However,inalotofplaces,thissimplyisn’tpossible.E.Notonlyaretheymoreconvenient,buttheyaremoney-saving.F.Makingsomesmallchangesinyourdailylifecanmakeadifference.G.Makealistofalltheenvironmentallyfriendlythingsyoudo,andalltheunfriendlyones.【答案】16.C17.F18.A19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了日常生活中減少碳足跡的最新和最好的方法：使用智能燈泡，使用筆記本電腦，以及改變交通方式?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Essentially,yourcarbonfootprintistheamountofCO?emissionsresultingfromeachofyourdailyactivities,aswellastheproductsyouconsume.(從本質(zhì)上講，你的碳足跡是指你日?；顒?dòng)中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量，以及你消費(fèi)的產(chǎn)品。)”可知，后文對(duì)術(shù)語(yǔ)“carbonfootprint”進(jìn)行了解釋，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是對(duì)此術(shù)語(yǔ)提出了疑惑。選項(xiàng)C“But,whatexactlyisacarbonfootprint?(但是，究竟什么是碳足跡?)”在句意上與后文銜接緊密，“But”作為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，與上一段構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“So,howcanwereduceourcarbonfootprint?(那么，我們?cè)鯓硬拍軠p少碳足跡呢?)”提出了如何減少碳足跡的問題，設(shè)空句應(yīng)對(duì)此回答；同時(shí)設(shè)空句應(yīng)對(duì)后文提出的“Changetosmartlightbulbs(換成智能燈泡)”，“Useanotebookcomputerinsteadofadesktopcomputer(用筆記本電腦而不是臺(tái)式電腦)”等一系列居家生活措施進(jìn)行總結(jié)。選項(xiàng)F“Makingsomesmallchangesinyourdailylifecanmakeadifference.(在你的日常生活中做一些小的改變會(huì)讓你的生活有所不同。)”總結(jié)概括了后文的措施，回答了前文提出的問題，前后銜接緊密，符合語(yǔ)境分析。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“ThesebulbscanwirelesslyconnecttotheInternetandmostimportantly,yoursmartphone,enablingyoutoturnonthelightsorchangethecoloreasily.(這些燈泡可以無(wú)線連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，最重要的是，你的智能手機(jī)，使你可以輕松地打開燈或改變顏色。)”講述了智能燈泡是如何智能的，因此可推知，設(shè)空句對(duì)“smartbulbs”提出了疑問。選項(xiàng)A“Whatmakesthemsmart?(是什么讓它們變得智能？)”對(duì)其“智能性”提出了疑問，符合句意分析，且句中的“them”呼應(yīng)前文“…butyoucandoonebetterbychangingtosmartLEDbulbs(……但你可以做得更好，換智能LED燈泡)”中“smartLEDbulbs”，前后銜接緊密。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Notebookcomputersareanadditional20percentmorepowerefficientwhenrunningonACadapterpoweroverbatterypower.(筆記本電腦在使用交流適配器供電時(shí)，比電池供電效率高出20%。)”具體講述了筆記本電腦的另一個(gè)低碳好處，因此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)包含遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞，同時(shí)引出后文。選項(xiàng)B“Besides,anaddedbenefitexists.(此外，還有一個(gè)額外的好處。)”包含過(guò)渡遞進(jìn)詞匯“Besides(此外)”，“anaddedbenefit”對(duì)應(yīng)后文具體解釋，前后銜接緊密。故選B項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】前文“Noteveryonehastheoptionofwalking,biking,ortakingpublictransportationtowork,butifyoudo,thosearethebestwaystoreduceyourtransportation-relatedcarbonfootprint.(不是每個(gè)人都有步行、騎自行車或乘坐公共交通工具去上班的選擇，但如果你這樣做了，這些是減少與交通有關(guān)的碳足跡的最好方法。)”提及了與交通有關(guān)的減少碳足跡的方法，后文“Ifthisisthecase,youmaywanttoconsiderusinganelectriccar.(如果是這樣的話，你可以考慮使用電動(dòng)汽車。)”提到了使用電動(dòng)汽車減少與交通有關(guān)的碳足跡方法，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折句，以說(shuō)明前文提及的一系列方式不適合，同時(shí)便于引出后文的“電動(dòng)汽車”方法。選項(xiàng)D“However,inalotofplaces,thissimplyisn’tpossible.(然而，在很多地方，這是不可能的。)”出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折副詞“However”，“this”呼應(yīng)前文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境分析。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AstrangerhelpedaJamaicanathleteHansleParchmentgettohisOlympicrace.Hewongoldandtrackedherdown.Asastarathlete,heisfamiliarwithovercomingbarriers(障礙).Buthewas___21___foradifferentkind:gettinglostinTokyoonthedayofhisOlympicrace.He___22___avideothisweekendonsocialmediaexplaininghow___23___turnedtohopeafterhemeta“goodSamaritan(善良之人)”,a（n）___24___workingattheGames,whohelpedhimtoreachhisfinaldestination.Inthevideo,Parchmentsaidthathehadbeenenjoyingmusicwhiletravelingtohisraceandwasnot___25___payingattentiontowhatwashappeningaroundhim.“BythetimeIlookedup,Irealizedthisbuswasgoingthe___26___way,”hesaid.Hegottowhathebelievedwasacentreforwatersports___27___theathleticsevent.Officialson-site___28___himtotakeanotherbusbacktothesportsfield——anactionheknewcouldhaveresultedinhis___29___therace.HethencrossedpathswithStojkovic,whowasvolunteeringattheOlympics.Shehelpedhimfindtransportand____30____hiscost.Parchment____31____ontimetowarmupandrun,finallycominginfirstplaceandachievinghisseason’sbesttimeat13.04seconds.Inthevideo,Parchmentrevisitedtheareawherehehadfirst____32____Stojkovicdaysago,tellingher,“Youwere____33____inmygettingtothefinalthatday.”Heshowedherhisgoldmedal.Jamaicanofficials____34____StojkovicasagoodSamaritanandsaidan“officialinvitation”hadbeenextendedforhertovisit.DelightedwithhiswinandhisreunionwithStojkovic-ParchmentgaveherayellowJamaicanOlympicpoloshirtasagiftandlefthisfanswithamessage:“be____35____always.”21.A.excited B.skilled C.unprepared D.unknown22.A.copied B.posted C.downloaded D.replaced23.A.belief B.guilt C.sorrow D.anxiety24.A.cleaner B.officer C.volunteer D.player25.A.gently B.fully C.energetically D.dramatically26.A.precise B.remote C.usual D.wrong27.A.ratherthan B.aswellas C.togetherwith D.inadditionto28.A.allowed B.ordered C.advised D.scared29.A.missing B.winning C.organizing D.attending30.A.claimed B.charged C.increased D.covered31.A.recovered B.arrived C.contacted D.reflected32.A.spotted B.invited C.refused D.ignored33.A.confused B.lucky C.passive D.helpful34.A.selected B.praised C.appointed D.declared35.A.thankful B.positive C.ambitious D.logical【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了牙買加運(yùn)動(dòng)員HansleParchment在奧運(yùn)會(huì)去參加比賽的當(dāng)天，在東京走錯(cuò)了路，遇到“好心人”的幫助，準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)目的地，并贏得金牌的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他對(duì)另一種情況毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備：在奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽當(dāng)天在東京迷路。A.excited激動(dòng)的；B.skilled熟練的；C.unprepared為準(zhǔn)備好的；D.unknown未知的。根據(jù)前文“heisfamiliarwithovercomingbarriers”和后文“gettinglostinTokyoonthedayofhisOlympicrace”可知，雖然Parchment對(duì)克服障礙并不陌生，但是他對(duì)自己會(huì)迷路卻是毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：上周末，他在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一段視頻，解釋了在他遇到了一位“好心人”后，焦慮如何轉(zhuǎn)化為希望，這位“好心人”是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上工作的一名志愿者，幫助他到達(dá)了最終目的地。A.copied復(fù)制；B.posted發(fā)布；C.downloaded下載；D.replaced替換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和后文“explaininghow___3___turnedtohopeafterhemeta‘goodSamaritan(善良之人)’,”可知，他發(fā)布了一段視頻，解釋他的故事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：上周末，他在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一段視頻，解釋了在他遇到了一位“好心人”后，焦慮如何轉(zhuǎn)化為希望，這位“好心人”是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上工作的一名志愿者，幫助他到達(dá)了最終目的地。A.belief信念；B.guilt內(nèi)疚；C.sorrow悲傷；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)前文“gettinglostinTokyoonthedayofhisOlympicrace”以及“hemeta‘goodSamaritan(善良之人)’,”可知，他迷路了，遇到好心人，焦慮轉(zhuǎn)化為希望。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：上周末，他在社交媒體上發(fā)布了一段視頻，解釋了在他遇到了一位“好心人”后，焦慮如何轉(zhuǎn)化為希望，這位“好心人”是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上工作的一名志愿者，幫助他到達(dá)了最終目的地。A.cleaner清潔工；B.officer官員；C.volunteer志愿者；D.player運(yùn)動(dòng)員。根據(jù)第四段中“HethencrossedpathswithStojkovic,whowasvolunteeringattheOlympics.”可知，這位“好心人”是一名志愿者。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在視頻中，Parchment說(shuō)他在去比賽的路上欣賞著音樂，沒有充分注意到周圍發(fā)生的事情。A.gently溫柔地；B.fully完全地，