2023年中學教師資格證考試：《高中教師專業(yè)知識》真題模擬匯編（共323題）

2023年中學教師資格證考試：《高中教師專

業(yè)知識》真題模擬匯編

（共323題）

1、assessmentisbasedonafixedstandardthatisusuallytheultimategoal

whichthestudentsareexpectedtoachieveattheendofthecourse.（單選題）

A.Criterion-referenced

B.Norm-referenced

C.Summative

D.Diagnostic

試題答案：A

2、在學習完《逍遙游》一課后，教師指導學生歸納虛詞“而”字的用法，四位學生分別給出了

以下答案，請從中選出答案錯誤的一項（）。（單選題）

A.學生甲：而宋榮子猶然笑之（連詞，表順承）

B.學生乙：怒而飛（連詞，表修飾）

C.學生丙：決起而飛（連詞，表順承）

D.學生??；若夫乘天地之正，而御六氣之辯（連詞，表并列）

試題答案：A

3、閱讀《記念劉和珍君》教學實錄（節(jié)選），按照要求答題。上課后，教師在黑板上板書題目

“記念劉和珍君”，并在“君”字下畫著重號。師：同學們，你們知道“君”在這里是什么意思

嗎？生：“君”是指魯迅的學生劉和珍。生：“君”是對人的尊稱，稱呼比自己品德才能更高的

人。師：魯迅先生是一代文豪，是偉大的思想家和革命家。但正是這位大文豪、思想家、革命家，

卻如此恭敬地稱一位名不見經(jīng)傳的學生為“君”，這是為什么呢？由此，我們不得不思考這樣一

個問題一一劉和珍是什么人？接下來，就讓我們一起從文中找出答案吧!對上述教學實錄（節(jié)選）

的分析，正確的一項是0。（單選題）

A.采用設(shè)疑導人的方式，激發(fā)學生學習興趣

B.引導學生從文章標題人手，把握文章大意

C.引導學生答疑，鍛煉學生的語言概括能力

D.引導學生找出文章的線索，把握文章中心

試題答案：A

4、對于《師說》一文的教學設(shè)計，分析不恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ?。（單選題）

A.本課的學習應以學生反復朗讀、悉心體會為主，要在掌握文言知識的基礎(chǔ)上，體會古代議論

性散文的魅力，借鑒古人議論的藝術(shù)，學會清晰有力地表達思想和見解

B.《師說》中所采用的論證結(jié)構(gòu)是學生學習的一個重點，要讓學生琢磨文章立論的方法

C.作為一篇文言文，掌握文言知識是很重要的一個方面，因此對于語句的翻譯，詞語的理解，

重點詞語的用法，特殊的詞語、句式的把握便成為學生自學的一個重點

D.學生不僅要學習正反對比的論證方法，還應了解古代的中國有尊師重教的思想，但當今的社

會創(chuàng)新是永恒的話題，不應拘泥于尊師重教這種思想，能在考試中取得高分才是王道

試題答案：D

5、教師在講解高中語文必修5《逍遙游》一課有如下一段話：“《逍遙游》選自《莊子》，《莊

子》是先秦說理文中最有價值的一部作品。其中……等都是闡發(fā)作者……思想觀點的名句。”之

后教師又列舉了其他出自先秦說理文的語句。下列不能作為例子使用的是（）。（單選題）

A.民為貴，君為輕，社稷次之

B.福兮禍之所倚，禍兮福之所伏

C.先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂而樂

D.道私者亂，道法者治，不吹毛而求小疵

試題答案：C

6、Theword"offend"originallymeant"tostrikeagainst”,butnowthewordsignifies

“tocreateorexciteanger”.Thisisanexampleof___.（單選題）

A.meaningshift

B.wideningofmeaning

C.narrowingofmeaning

D.lossofmeaning

試題答案：B

7、某教材必修（1）第三單元的選文為《記念劉和珍君》《小狗包弟》《記梁任公先生的一次演

講》。教師向?qū)W生推薦其他寫人記事散文，適合的一項是（）。（單選題）

A.夏衍《包身工》

B.老舍《濟南的冬天》

C.朱自清《荷塘月色》

D.汪曾祺《金岳霖先生》

試題答案：D

8、下列（）是對學生進行德育教育的特殊途徑。（單選題）

A.社會實踐

B.各科教學

C.班主任工作

D.課外活動

試題答案：C

9、請閱讀Passage2,完成第26~30小題。

Passage2

Americansdon'tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhat

awaris.Thereareshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthose

arethekindatwhichtheU.S.excels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.

WhatelsewastheGreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?

IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag-whenthejobisdone,theyearnedit.

Nowthereisasimilarchallenge-globalwarming.Thesteadydeteriorationofthevery

climateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,

theU.S.islosing.Indeed,ifAmericaisfightingatall,it'sfightingonthewrong

side.TheU.S.producesnearlyaquarteroftheworld'sgreenhousegaseseachyearand

hasstubbornlymadeitclearthatitdoesn,tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although

174nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,the

U.S.walkedawayfromthem.Therearevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbs

orpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butforacountrythattightlycitespatriotismasone

ofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhatmightbethemostpatrioticstruggle

ofall.It'shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofacountry，scoasts

andfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityofitseconomy.

Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeis

aglobalemergency,there'sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersits

plans,whichtoooftenwouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooften

amounttonativewishliststhatcouldweakenAmerica'sgrowth.Butlet'sassumethat

thoseinterestedpartiesandotherswillalwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemand

thattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneedsbeaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,

ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavetheU.S.bothenvironmentally

safeandeconomicallysound?

Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansfor

addressingtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsover

thenext52years.Andyetbydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesshort-timeprofit

withlong-rangeobjectiveandblendspragmatismwithambition,theU.S.can,without

majordamagetotheeconomy,helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandensure

thesurvivalofitswayoflifeforfuturegenerations.Moneywilldosomeofthework,

butwhat，sneededmostiswill.Tmnotsayingthechallengeisn'talmostoverwhelming,〃

saysFredKrupp."ButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrisentothesechallengesbefore./z

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?（單選題）

A.Humanwars.

B.Economiccrisis.

C.America'senvironmentalpolicies.

D.Globalenvironmentingeneral.

試題答案；C

10>Passage1

Dowhochoosetogoonexotic,far-flungholidaysdeservefreehealthadvicebeforethey

travel?Andeveniftheypay,whoensuresthattheygetgood,up-to-dateinformation?

Who,forthatmatter,shouldcollectthatinformationinthefirstplace?Foravariety

ofreasons,travelmedicineinBritainisaresponsibilitynobodywants.Asaresult,

manytravellersgoabroadpreparedtoavoidseriousdisease.

Whyistravelmedicinesounloved?Partlythere1sanidentityproblem.Becauseittakes

aninterestinanythingthatimpingesonthehealthoftravelers,thisemergingmedical

specialisminvariablycutsacrossthetraditionaldisciplines.Itdelvesintoeverything

fromseasickness,jetlagandthehazardsofcamelstomalariaandplague.Buttravel

medicinehasamoreseriousobstacletoovercome.Travelclinicsaremeanttotellpeople

howtoavoidendingupdeadorinahospitalwhentheycomehome,butitisnotoriously

difficulttogetanybodypayoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy.

Travelmedicinehasalsobeencolonizedbycommercialinterests;thevastmajorityof

travelclinicsinBritainarerunbyairlinesortravelcompanies.Andwhiletravel

concernsarehappytosellprofitableinjections,theymaybelesskeentospreadbad

newsabouttravellers*diarrheainTurkey,ortotaketimetospelloutpreventive

measurestravellerscouldtake."TheNHSfindsitdifficulttodefinetravellers'

health,〃saysRonBehrens,^theonlyNHSconsultantintravelanddirectorofthetravel

clinicoftheHospitalforTropicalDiseasesinLondon.z，ShoulditcomewithintheNHS

orshoulditbepaidsGaryarea,andopinionisspilt.Nooneseemstohave

anyresponsibilityfordefiningitsrole,z，hesays.

Tocompounditslowstatusinthemedicalhierarchy,travelmedicinehastorelyon

statisticsthatarepatchyatbest.Inmostcaseswejustdon'tknowhowmanyBritons

contractdiseaseswhenabroad.Andevenifadiseaselinkedtotravelthereisrarely

anyinformationaboutwherethoseafflictedwent,whattheyare,howtheybehaved,or

whichvaccinationstheyhad.Thisshortageofhardfactsandfiguresmakesitdifficult

togivedetailedadvicetopeople,informationthatmightevensavetheirlives.

ArecentleaderinBritishMedicalJournalargued."Travelmedicinewillemergeas

credibledisciplinesonlyiftherisksencounteredbytravellersandtherelative

benefitsofpublichealthinterventionsarewelldefinedintermsoftheirrelative

occurrence,distributionandcontrol."Exactlyhowmuchmoneyiswastedbypoortravel

advice.Therealfigureisanybody，sguess,butitcouldeasilyrunintomillions.Behrens

givesoneexample.Britainspendsmorethan￡1millioneachyearjustoncholeravaccines

thatoftendon，tworkandsogivepeopleafalsesenseofsecurity.^Informationonthe

preventionandtreatmentofallformsofdiarrheawouldbeabetterpriority,/zhesays.

Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying…butitisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybody

payoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy."(Para.2)?(單選題)

A.Peopledon，tpayattentiontotheirhealth.

B.Fewpeoplearewillingtosupporttravelmedicine.

C.Mosttravellersfirmlybelievethattheywillbesafe.

D.Healthcomeslastcomparedwithothers.

試題答案：B

IK閱讀某教師的教學敘事片段，按要求答題。近年來，我發(fā)現(xiàn)學生的理性思維能力在減弱，我

覺得其中一個原因是教師沒能有意識地對學生進行思維訓練，這種訓練可以滲透在閱讀教學中。

比如，教學《項鏈》一課，以往我們只停留在批判瑪?shù)贍柕碌奶摌s心上。這次我有意組織學生從

多個視角評析瑪?shù)贍柕?，逐漸推進深度思考。通過小組討論，學生認識到瑪?shù)贍柕碌摹疤摌s”是

人性使然，她在后期的轉(zhuǎn)變是值得稱贊的。接著，我繼續(xù)引導學生聯(lián)系生活實際探究虛榮心的問

題，學生探究之后進一步認識到瑪?shù)贍柕绿摌s心的本質(zhì)是不切實際，迷失自我，我們每個人都應

該努力克服自己的虛榮心。直到下課前，學生還在熱議?？梢?，問題研討的過程就是訓練理性思

維的過程。對上述教學敘事的相關(guān)分析，正確的是（）。（單選題）

A.學生理性思維減弱的根本原因是閱讀教學中缺乏有效的訓練

B.圍繞人物形象展開多元解讀是進行理性思維訓練的唯一捷徑

C.培養(yǎng)學生理性思維，應該跳出文本范圍設(shè)計富有啟發(fā)性的問題

D.培養(yǎng)學生理性思維，可以基于特定的話題展開逐層深入的研討

試題答案：D

12、Passage2

It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior，sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,

loveMyChildren,IHateMyLife”,isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalking

likethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,

life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseither

happyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinking

ofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeing

happyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkids

canbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat〃theverythingsthatinthemomentdampen

ourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.

Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonly

Madonna-and-chiIdimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewly

adoptive-andnewlysingle-momSandraBuilock,aswel1astheusual“JenniferAniston

ispregnant'news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,or

mom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmitting

youregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?It

doesn*tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthe

childless.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn，thavehadkids,

butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesingle

mostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultof

thegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeople

presentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemothers1ike

Bullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythan

childlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,considering

howmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraand

Britneytellit,raisingakidontheir^own^（read:withround-the-clockhelp）isapiece

ofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReese

andAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.

Butit'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,

happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingto

ourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmal1part

ofushopedgetting"theRachel"mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJennifer

Aniston.

WelearnfromParagraph2that.（單選題）

A.celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip

B.singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention

C.newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining

D.havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic

試題答案：D

13、某教師要求自己的學生每周必須堅持記周記，并堅持把其中好的周記整理成小冊子分發(fā)給學

生學習，教師這一行為的目的不包括（）。（單選題）

A.調(diào)動學生的寫作興趣

B.培養(yǎng)學生的寫作習慣

C.提供更多寫作的機會

D.激發(fā)學生的競爭意識

試題答案：D

14、在教授完《中國建筑的特征》后，幾位教師針對多媒體教學發(fā)出了以下感慨。其中說法錯誤

的一項是（）。（單選題）

A.多媒體課件就是方便，用多媒體呈現(xiàn)板書，又方便，又快捷，以后再也不用寫板書了

B.利用多媒體課件，我們既可以呈現(xiàn)文字，又可以插入圖像、動畫、聲音、視頻等多種媒體素

材，這對調(diào)動學生的多種感官，引起學生學習的注意力是很有好處的

C.多媒體的功能真的很強大，它既能清晰地呈現(xiàn)教學內(nèi)容，又能渲染教學氛圍，對教學重點的

強調(diào)功能更是值得一提，我們在以后的教學中，應該好好利用多媒體教學

D.我在給學生講解《中國的建筑特征》時，幫學生鏈接了梁思成的生平、梁思成的建筑作品等

資料，這對擴展學生的學習內(nèi)容真的很有幫助

試題答案：A

15、下列關(guān)于作家、作品的解說不正確的一項是（）。（單選題）

A.《左傳》是一部著名的史學和文學名著，課文《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》就選自其中

B.《愛的教育》是英國作家亞米契斯為9?13歲的小孩創(chuàng)作的一部散文集，以日記體形式講述

了一個叫阿廖沙的小男孩成長的故事

C.柳宗元是唐代文學家，“唐宋八大家”之一，著有《柳河東集》

D.莫泊桑是法國作家，被稱為短篇小說巨匠，《我的叔叔于勒》就是他的作品

試題答案：B

16、某老師的一堂公開課《燭之武退秦師》，用“三十六計”激發(fā)學生的興趣，然后問導入“本

文用了‘三十六計'中的哪一計”來導入本課的學習。這位老師采用的導入設(shè)計屬于（）。

（單選題）

A.串聯(lián)照應式

B.懸念激趣式

C.故事吸引式

D.背景激情式

試題答案：B

17、Englishclassroomactivitiesforelementaryandmiddleschoolscanbedividedinto

fourtypes:start-up,languagelearning,___andsummary.（單選題）

A.languageperformance

B.languageaccumulating

C.languageacquisition

D.languagememorizing

試題答案：A

18、《普通高中語文課程標準（實驗）》指出，要“構(gòu)建開放、有序的語文課程?！睂@一概念

闡述不正確的是（）。（單選題）

A.具有相對穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)，形成富有彈性的實施機制

B.聯(lián)系學習生活，加強語文實踐，溝通古今中外，面向未來世界

C.按照具體實踐和學生需求，有選擇地、有創(chuàng)造性地設(shè)計和實施課程

D.從學生需求的共性出發(fā)，激發(fā)學生的潛在能力，增強課程統(tǒng)一性

試題答案：D

19、____doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext（單選題）

A.Pragmatics

B.Semantics

C.Cross-culturalcommunication

D.Syntax

試題答案：A

20、“找一些中國古典名曲，配樂朗誦這首詩，配樂時注意音樂和詩意的協(xié)調(diào)”，這是《琵琶行》

一課的“研討與練習”，對其設(shè)計意圖分析恰當?shù)氖牵ǎ＃▎芜x題）

A.提高學生體會詩句的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力

B.引導學生深入理解詩歌意境和情感

C.引導學生分析詩歌的藝術(shù)手法

D.引領(lǐng)學生體會詩歌的音樂美

試題答案：B

21、Inwhichofthefollowingactivitiesdoestheteachermainlyplaytheroleofa

Controller?（單選題）

A.Organizingthestudentstodoactivitiesbygivinginstruction.

B.Changingthepaceoftheclassbyvariousmeans.

C.Correctingmistakesandorganizingfeedback.

D.Introducinganewgrammarpoint.

試題答案：B

22、教學《孔雀東南飛》，教師布置作業(yè)讓學生發(fā)揮想象寫一篇《新時代的孔雀東南飛》，想象

焦、劉二人穿越回21世紀的故事。以下對該教師教學行為的分析，不正確的一項是（）。（單選

題）

A.切換故事發(fā)生的時代背景，讓學生體會兩人悲劇產(chǎn)生的社會原因

B.考查學生對課文的學習情況，把握焦、劉二人愛情悲劇的性格特點

C.鼓勵學生去學習創(chuàng)新作文，培養(yǎng)學生的發(fā)散性思維和創(chuàng)新性意識

D.跨學科學習歷史背景知識，作業(yè)內(nèi)容與新課程大語文觀要求相符

試題答案：D

23、按照評價的性質(zhì)的不同，可將教學評價分為定性評價與（）。（單選題）

A.自我評價

B.總結(jié)性評價

C.定量評價

D.形成性評價

試題答案：C

24、“明清之際思想批判的實質(zhì)是儒家思想在新的歷史條件下的活躍，他們使儒家思想更趨實事

求是，與國計民生靠得更近?！边@里“新的歷史條件”是指（）。①蓬勃發(fā)展的商品經(jīng)濟②新的

生產(chǎn)因素和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的萌芽③思想界因循守舊、陳腐不化④王朝統(tǒng)治的專制腐?。▎芜x題）

A.①②

B.③④

C.①②③④

D.①②③

試題答案：A

25、某教師設(shè)計了“感悟經(jīng)典一一走進四書五經(jīng)”專題，這一專題屬于《普通高中語文課程標準

（實驗）》選修系列中的（）。（單選題）

A.詩歌與散文

B.小說與戲劇

C.語言文字應用

D.文化論著研讀

試題答案：D

26、教師教學秦觀《鵲橋仙?纖云弄巧》一詞時，提及“愛情”始終是文人墨客極為鐘愛的一類

主題。因此在中國古代詩歌中，愛情詩占據(jù)了相當大的比重。學生聽講后積極發(fā)言，交流各自積

累的相關(guān)詩詞。以下學生所說詩句中，不符合學生活動主題的一項是（）（單選題）

A.東邊日出西邊雨，道是無晴卻有晴

B.誰念西風獨自涼，蕭蕭黃葉閉疏窗，沉思往事立殘陽

C.歡笑情如舊，蕭疏鬢已斑

D.何當共剪西窗燭，卻話巴山夜雨時

試題答案：C

27、學習文言文單元，教師強調(diào)文言文中也存在一詞多義的情況，下列語句中加點字含義相同的

一項是（）。（單選題）

A.行拂亂其所為陳勝、吳廣皆次當行

B.一簞食，一豆羹肉食者鄙，未能遠謀

C.然而不勝者日出江花紅勝火

D.公問其故扶蘇以數(shù)諫故，上使外將兵

試題答案：D

28、教師組織學生開展“中華傳統(tǒng)文化經(jīng)典研習”主題活動，鼓勵學生梳理所學作品中常見的虛

詞。以下學生所梳理的虛詞''而"的用法不同于其他三項的是（）。（單選題）

A.浩浩乎如馮虛御風，而不知其所止

B.吾嘗終日而思矣

C.青，取之于藍，而青于藍

D.盈虛者如彼，而卒莫消長也

試題答案：B

29、Passage1

Today'sadultsgrewupinschoolsdesignedtosortusintothevarioussegmentsofour

socialandeconomicsystem.Theamountoftimeavailabletolearnwasfixed:oneyear

pergrade.Theamountlearnedbytheendofthattimewasfreetovary:someofuslearned

agreatdeal；some,verylittle.Asweadvancedthroughthegrades?thosewhohadleai'ned

agreatdealinpreviousgradescontinuedtobuildonthosefoundations.Thosewhohad

failedtomastertheearlyprerequisiteswithintheallottedtimefailedtolearnthat

whichfollowed.After12or13yearsofcumulativetreatmentofthiskind,wewere,

ineffect,spreadalonganachievementcontinuumthatwasultimatelyreflectedineach

student'srankinclassupongraduation.

Fromtheveryearliestgrades,somestudentslearnedagreatdealveryquicklyand

consistentlyscoredhighonassessments.Theemotionaleffectofthiswastohelpthem

toseethemselvesascapablelearners,andsothesestudentsbecameincreasingly

confidentinschool.Thatconfidencegavethemtheinneremotionalstrengthtotakethe

riskofstrivingformoresuccessbecausetheybelievedthatsuccesswaswithintheir

reach.Drivenforwardbythisoptimism,thesestudentscontinuedtotryhard,andthat

effortcontinuedtoresultinsuccessforthem.Theybecametheacademicandemotional

winners.Noticethatthetriggerfortheiremotionalstrengthandtheirlearningsuccess

wastheirperceptionoftheirsuccessonformalandinformalassessments.

Buttherewereotherstudentswhodidn，tfaresowell.Theyscoredverylowontests,

beginningintheearliestgrades.Theemotionaleffectwastocausethemtoquestion

theirowncapabilitiesaslearners.Theybegantoloseconfidence,which,inturn,

deprivedthemoftheemotionalreservesneededtocontinuetotakerisks.Astheir

motivationwarned,ofcourse,theirperformanceplummeted.Thesestudentsembarkedon

whattheybelievedtobeanirreversibleslidetowardinevitablefailureandlosthope.

Onceagain,theemotionaltriggerfortheirdecisionnottotrywastheirperception

oftheirperformanceonassessments.

Considerthereality-indeed,theparadox-oftheschoolsinwhichwewerereared.Ifsome

studentsworkedhardandlearnedalot,thatwasapositiveresult,andtheywouldfinish

highintherankorder.Butifsomestudentsgaveupinhopelessfailure,thatwasan

acceptableresult,too,becausetheywouldoccupyplacesverylowintherankorder.

Theirachievementresultsfedintotheimplicitmissionofschools:thegreaterthe

spreadofachievementamongstudents,themoreitreinforcedtherankorder.Thisis

why,ifsomestudentsgaveupandstoppedtrying(evendroppedoutofschool),thatwas

regardedasthestudent'sproblem,nottheteacher'sortheschooTs.

Onceagain,pleasenoticewhoisusingtestresultstodecidewhethertostrivefor

excellenceorgiveupinhopelessness.The〃data-baseddecisionmakersz，inthisprocess

arestudentsthemselves.

Studentsaredecidingwhethersuccessiswithinorbeyondreach,whetherthelearning

isworththerequiredeffort,andsowhethertotryornot.Thecriticalemotions

underpinningthedecisionmakingprocessincludeanxiety,fearoffailure,uncertainty,

andunwillingnesstotakerisks-alltriggeredbystudents*perceptionsoftheirown

capabilitiesasreflectedinassessmentresults.

Somestudentsrespondedtothedemandsofsuchenvironmentsbyworkinghardandlearning

agreatdeal.Otherscontrolledtheiranxietybygivingupandnotcaring.Theresult

forthemisexactlytheoppositeoftheonesocietywants.Insteadofleavingnochild

behind,thesepractices,ineffect,drovedowntheachievementofatleastasmany

studentsastheysuccessfullyelevated.Andtheevidencesuggeststhatthedownside

victimsaremorefrequentlymembersofparticularsocioeconomicandethnicminorities.

Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardstheoldmissionofassessment?（單選題）

A.Supportive.

B.Indifferent.

C.Negative.

D.Neutral.

試題答案：C

30、

Passage1

Lonelypeople,itseems,areatgreaterriskthanthegregariousofdevelopingillnesses

associatedwithchronicinflammation,suchasheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.Apaper

publishedlastyearinthePublicLibraryofScience,Medicine,showstheeffecton

mortalityoflonelinessiscomparablewiththatofsmokinganddrinkingafterexamining

theresultsof148previousstudiesandcontrolledforfactorssuchasageand

pre-existingillness.

StevenColeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,thinkshemayknowwhythis

isso.HetoldLheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofSciencemeetingin

Washington,D.C.,abouthisworkstudyingtheexpressionofgenesinlonelypeople.

Dr.Coleharvestedsamplesofwhitebloodcellsfrombothlonelyandgregariouspeople.

Hethenanalysedtheactivityoftheirgenes,asmeasuredbytheproductionofasubstance

calledmessengerRNA.Thismoleculecarriesinstructionsfromthegenestellinga

cellwhichproteinstomake.ThelevelofmessengerRNAfrommostgeneswasthesamein

bothtypesofpeople.Therewereseveraldozengenes,however,thatwerelessactivem

thelonely,andseveraldozenothersthatweremoreactive.Moreover,boththelessactive

andthemoreactivegenetypescamefromasmallnumberoffunctionalgroups.

Broadlyspeaking,thegeneslessactiveinthelonelywerethoseinvolvedinstavingoff

viralinfections.Thosethatweremoreactivewereinvolvedinprotectingagainst

bacteria.Dr.Colesuspectsthiscouldhelpexplainnotonlywhythelonelyareiller,

buthow,inevolutionaryterms,thisoddstateofaffairshascomeabout.

Thecrucialbitofthepuzzleisthatviruseshavetobecaughtfromanotherinfected

individualandtheyareusuallyspecies-specific.Bacteria,incontrast,oftenjustlurk

intheenvironment,andmaythriveonmanyhosts.Thegregariousarethereforeatgreater

riskthanthelonelyofcatchingviruses,andDr.Colethussuggeststhatpastevolution

hascreatedamechanismwhichcauseswhitecellstorespondappropriately.Conversely,

thelonelyarebetterofframpinguptheirprotectionagainstbacterialinfection,which

isabiggerrelativerisktothem.

WhatDr.Coleseemstohaverevealed,then,isamechanismbywhichsocialenvironment

reachesinsideaperson*sbodyandtweaksitsgenomesothatitrespondsappropriately.It

isnotthatthelonelyandthegregariousaregeneticallydifferentfromeachother.

Rather,theirgenesareregulateddifferently,accordingtohowsociableanindividual

is.Dr.Colethinksthisregulationispartofawidermechanismthattunesindividuals

tothecircumstancestheyfindthemselvesin.

WhatmessagedoesDr.Coleseemtoconveybythemechanism?（單選題）

A.Thelonelypeopledifferingenesfromthegregariouspeople.

B.Sociabi1itycanadjustaperson，sgenomeandmakeitworkproperly.

C.Thelonelypeoplecanbecomesociableiftheyregulatetheirgenes.

D.Individualshavetofindtheirownwaystoadapttotheenvironment.

試題答案：B

31、”找一些中國古典名曲，配樂朗誦這首詩，配樂時注意音樂和詩意的協(xié)調(diào)”，這是《琵琶行》

一課的“研討與練習”，對其設(shè)計意圖分析恰當?shù)氖牵ǎ?。（單選題）

A.提高學生體會詩句的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力

B.引導學生深入理解詩歌意境和情感

C.引導學生分析詩歌的藝術(shù)手法

D.引領(lǐng)學生體會詩歌的音樂美

試題答案：B

32、義務教育階段“欣賞?評述”學習領(lǐng)域延伸到高中課程標準后變?yōu)椤埃ǎ眱?nèi)容系列。（單

選題）

A.現(xiàn)代媒體藝術(shù)

B,繪畫?雕塑

C.美術(shù)鑒賞

D.書法?篆刻

試題答案：C

33、請閱讀Passage1,完成第2「25小題。

Passage1

WhyhascrimeintheU.S.declinedsodramaticallysincethe1990s?

Economistsandsociologistshaveofferedabountyofreasons,includingmorepolice,

moresecuritytechnology,moreeconomicgrowth,moreimmigration,moreimprisonment,

andsoon.

The"real"answerisalmostcertainlyacombinationofthesefactors,ratherthanone

ofthemtotheexclusionoftherest.Butanewpaperaddsasurprisingvariabletothe

mix.WhatifthedeclineofcrimeinAmericastartedwiththedeclineofcash?

Cashiscriticaltothehealthofanundergroundeconomy,becauseit'sanonymous,nearly

untraceable,andeasilystolen.Thismakesitthelifebloodoftheblackmarket.

ButAmericansarerapidlyabandoningcashthankstocreditcards,debitcards,andmobi1e

payments.Halfacenturyago,cashwasusedin80percentofU.S.payments.Nowthat

figureisabout50percent,accordingtoresearchers.

Inthe1980s,thefederalgovernmentswitchedfrompapermoneytoelectronicbenefit

transfers.Theydidn，tswitchallatonce.Theyswitchedonecountyatatimewithin

states.Thiscreatedakindofrandomlycontrolledenvironmentfortheresearchers,who

studiedMissouri'scountiestoestablishwhethertheareasthatswitchedfromwelfare

cashtoelectronictransferssawaconcurrentdeclineincrime.

Theresultswerestriking:Theshiftawayfromcashwasassociatedwithsigpificant

decreaseintheoverallcrimerateandthespecificoffensesofburglaryandassault

inMissouriandadeclineinarrests.〃Inotherwords,thecountiessawadeclinein

specificcrimeswhentheyswitchedawayfromcashwelfare.

Perhapsmostinterestingly,theyfoundthattheswitchtoelectronictransfersreduced

robberybutnotrape,suggestingthatthemo