專題18 復(fù)合句-小學(xué)語(yǔ)法精講精練（附口訣、練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語(yǔ)法小學(xué)語(yǔ)法精講精練專題18復(fù)合句思考引入思考引入 老師老師,簡(jiǎn)單句比較簡(jiǎn)單,那復(fù)合句是不是很難?復(fù)合句由主句和從句組成。它就像一棵大樹(shù),主句是樹(shù)干,從句就是樹(shù)枝復(fù)合句由主句和從句組成。它就像一棵大樹(shù),主句是樹(shù)干,從句就是樹(shù)枝。主句是表達(dá)所陳述內(nèi)容的重點(diǎn),從句補(bǔ)充相關(guān)的背景和細(xì)節(jié)。復(fù)合句聽(tīng)起來(lái)真的不簡(jiǎn)單呢！復(fù)合句聽(tīng)起來(lái)真的不簡(jiǎn)單呢！別急,我們往下看!別急,我們往下看!知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講一、復(fù)合句的基本含義和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合句是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，由“一個(gè)主句+一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句”構(gòu)成。主句是主體，可以獨(dú)立成句。從句則是一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立成句，須由一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。復(fù)合句有以下兩種基本結(jié)構(gòu)。1.主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句Idon'tknowwhathesaid.我不知道他說(shuō)了什么。IwanttobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.我長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。2.引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句Ifyoulikescience,youcanbeascientist.如果你喜歡科學(xué)，你可以成為一名科學(xué)家。WhenIwasachild,IdreamedtobeanEnglishteacher.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我夢(mèng)想成為一名英語(yǔ)老師。熱身小練①找一找。請(qǐng)你找出下列句子的引導(dǎo)詞、主句或從句，并寫在橫線上。1.Youtoldmewhereyoulived.引導(dǎo)詞：__________________________________2.ShegavemethebookwhichisinEnglish.主句：__________________________________3.Ifyougoabroad,Iwillgowithyou.從句：__________________________________答案：1.where2.Shegavemethebook3.Ifyougoabroad二、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句，一般由從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。1.從屬連詞：that,whether,ifShesaid(that)shewouldcome.她說(shuō)過(guò)她會(huì)來(lái)的。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)沒(méi)有實(shí)際含義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，因此可以省略。Wediscussedwhether/ifweshouldgotoseethefilm.我們討論了是否應(yīng)該去看電影。2.連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which等Doyouknowwhoiscoming?你知道誰(shuí)要來(lái)嗎?Idon'tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.我不知道他們?cè)谡沂裁础?.連接副詞：where,how,why,when等Iknowwhereshelives.我知道她住在哪里。Wedon'tknowwhyhedidn'tcomeyesterday.我們不知道他昨天為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)嗎?熱身小練②判一判。請(qǐng)你判斷下列句子畫線部分是否為賓語(yǔ)從句(是請(qǐng)畫“√”,不是請(qǐng)畫“×”)。()1.Shesaysherbrotherisgoodatsinging.()2.Idon'tknowwhysomanypeopleliketoeatit.答案：1.√2.√三、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句，一般由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。1.關(guān)系代詞：that,who,whom,whose,which等IlikethemoviesthatareaboutChinesehistory.我喜歡有關(guān)中國(guó)歷史的電影。Themanwholivesnexttousisateacher.住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人是一位老師。2.關(guān)系副詞：when,why,whereIstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoschool.我還記得我第一次來(lái)學(xué)校的那一天。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.請(qǐng)告訴我你錯(cuò)過(guò)飛機(jī)的原因。ThisisthecitywhereIhaveworkedfor10years.這就是我工作了10年的城市。熱身小練③判一判。請(qǐng)你判斷下列句子畫線部分是否為定語(yǔ)從句(是請(qǐng)畫“√”,不是請(qǐng)畫"×")。()1.Idon'tknowwheresheis.()2.ChengduistheplacewhereIwasborn.答案：1.×2.√四、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的從句，一般由從屬連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：由when,after,before等引導(dǎo)WhenIwasyoung,Ilivedinasmallvillage.我年輕的時(shí)候住在一個(gè)小村莊里。IwatchedTVafterIdidmyhomeworkyesterday.昨天做完家庭作業(yè)后我看了電視。Lilydrinksaglassofmilkbeforeshegoestobedeveryday.莉莉每天睡覺(jué)前喝一杯牛奶。2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句：由because等引導(dǎo)She'sstudyingbecauseshehasatesttomorrow.她正在學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗魈煊幸粓?chǎng)考試。3.條件狀語(yǔ)從句：由if等引導(dǎo)Ifitisfine,we'llgotothepark.如果天氣好，我們就去公園。4.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：由where等引導(dǎo)IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem.我在我原來(lái)放書的地方找到了我的書。熱身小練④判一判。請(qǐng)你判斷下列句子畫線部分是否為狀語(yǔ)從句(是請(qǐng)畫“√”,不是請(qǐng)畫“×”)。()1.I'mgoingtoplaysoccerafterschool.()2.MyfavoriteseasonisspringbecauseIlikegreen.答案：1.×2.√知識(shí)精練知識(shí)精練一、單選題()1．—I’msure______.Ihaveacoughandhaveaheadache.—Takethismedicine,andyou’llfeelmuchbetter.A．I’llgotoschool B．I’llhaveagoodtime C．I’mverywell D．I’vegotabadcold()2．Iwanttoknow______.A．whomisshelookingfor B．whomsheislooking C．whomisshelooking D．whomsheislookingfor()3．—Doyouknow______thewomaninredis?—I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A．what B．who C．which D．how()4．Youknowslowandsteady______therace.A．win B．winner C．wins()5．—Whatdidyoulearn?—Welearned__________antsalwaysworktogether.A．that B．which C．what()6．Tellmewhy________gothere.A．doyouwantto B．doyou C．youwouldliketo()7．Theharewassurehe___________wintherace.A．will B．would C．can()8．Ihope_________tomybirthdaypartytomorrow.A．tocome B．shecancome C．hertocome D．shecome()9．Doyouknow_______?A．howheisold B．howisheold C．howoldishe D．howoldheis()10．Hetoldmethatthere________aninterestingmovieonatthecinemathenextday.A．is B．willbe C．wouldbe D．isgoingtobe()11．Canyoudo________?A．whatcanIdo B．whatIcando C．whatIcansay()12．Excuseme,Sir,Canyoutellme________?A．howwegottothezoo B．howcanwegettothezooC．howdidwegettothezoo D．howwecangettothezoo()13．Shesaysshe_______gotoHainan.A．is B．will C．would()14．Ihopethatshe______tothedemandsofthenaughtyboys.A．willnothaveagreed B．willnotbeagreedC．willnotagree D．willnothavebeenagreed()15．Here?sthechartI_________forDanny.A．maked B．making C．makes D．made()16．Rosalikesmusic___isquietandgentle.A．when B．that C．where D．who()17．Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A．those B．which C．what D．that()18．Istheriver_____throughthattownverylarge?A．whichflows B．flows C．thatflowing D．whoseflows()19．Isthisfactory______youvisitedlastweek?A．thisB．where C．theone D．inwhich()20．Thereason____hewasabsentfromthemeetingwas____hiscarbrokedownontheway.(

)A．that;because B．why;that C．that;that D．for;that()21．Helivesinavillage_____therearealotoftrees.A．there B．where C．that D．which()22．IfJoe__________toomuchspicyfood,hewillhaveastomachache.A．willeat B．eat C．eats D．toeat()23．Ifhetravelsabroad,he_______toItaly.A．goes B．go C．willgo()24．What______ifthereisnorain?A．happen B．willhappen C．happened D．ishappening()25．Ifit_______snowtomorrow,we_______totheGreatWall.A．isn’t;go B．doesn’t;go C．isn’t;willgo D．doesn’t;willgo()26．We________theparkwithmyparentsifitdoesn’traintomorrow.A．goto B．wentto C．willgoto()27．Wecanseeafilm______youhavetime.A．a(chǎn)nd B．if C．so()28．Ifyouhavealongholiday,where_______yougo?A．do B．will C．a(chǎn)re()29．People__________nicetoyouifyouarenicetothem.A．willbe B．were C．a(chǎn)re D．be()30．Ifit______tomorrow,I______footballwithmyfriends.A．rains;won’tplay B．rains;don’tplay C．willrain;won’tplay D．rain;willplay二、用單詞正確形式填空31．Wewillgotothezooifit_______(notrain)tomorrow.32．Ifit_______(rain),we_______(notgo)onapicnic.33．IfIsee