語法專題03 賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句-2023年江蘇中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題講解與題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（牛津譯林版）

語法專題03賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句?【考點介紹】考點分值題型出題方向賓語從句1-2分單項選擇完形填空短文填空賓語從句的語序-陳述語序賓語從句的時態(tài)-注意客觀真理永一現(xiàn)賓語從句的連接詞選擇-that/whether/if狀語從句1-3分單項選擇完形填空單詞拼寫短文填空時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、條件等各種狀語從句時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句遵循的“主將從現(xiàn)”原則判斷連接詞if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句（如果）還是引導(dǎo)賓語從句（是否）單詞拼寫中遇到填“是否”最好寫成whether形式定語從句0-1分單項選擇完形填空短文填空定語從句偏向于選關(guān)系詞that的原因定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句填who和whom的區(qū)分?【應(yīng)試技巧】一、賓語從句賓語從句的連接詞①that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句陳述句（肯定或否定）作賓語從句，由連詞that引導(dǎo)。因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。Thesunrisesintheeast.Weallknow.→Weallknowthatthesunrisesintheeast.②if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般疑問句作賓語從句，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，因為if/whether在句中翻譯成“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略，且賓語從句要用陳述句語序。Willhecomebacktomorrow？Doyouknow？→Doyouknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow？后接if/whether的常見詞有：wanttoknow/wonder/doubt/I’mnotsure。③wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句由疑問代詞who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑問副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)，WhichsweatershouldTombuy？Tomcan'tdecide.→Tomcan'tdecidewhichsweaterheshouldbuy.賓語從句的時態(tài)①如果主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況而定。eg:Sheknows(that)herparentswillarriveinNanjingtomorrow.Iknow(that)helivedherefiveyearsago.Wehaveheard(that)shepractisesdancingeveryday.Iamlookingforwheremypurseis.②如果主句是過去時態(tài)（包括一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時），那么從句要用相應(yīng)的過去的具體狀態(tài)。時態(tài)變化的規(guī)律如下表：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時（不變）一般將來時過去將來時eg:Ididn’tknow(that)hewouldcome.MissLitoldus(that)shehadseenthefilm.Isaw(that)shewastalkingwithhermother.【注意】1、如果從句說明的是客觀真理或科學(xué)事實時，不管主句是何種時態(tài)，都用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.2、當(dāng)主句是Couldyou/Wouldyou…表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣，從句的時態(tài)無需受主句的影響發(fā)生變化。Couldyoutellmeifitisgoingtoraintomorrow?賓語從句的語序如果what’swrong/what’sthematter在句中充當(dāng)賓語從句，語序不變。如果疑問詞what或who在從句中作主語，其引導(dǎo)的句子作賓語從句時語序也不變。e.g.Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.Shedoesn’tknowwhat’sthematterwithhim.Jackdidn’tknowwhathappened.Iwanttoknowwhat’sonthedesk.二、狀語從句狀語從句易混點：till/until和not…untiltill在口語中用的較多，句首一般用until，而不用tillTheywalkedtill/untilitwasdark.(主句動詞是持續(xù)動詞)Iwillreadthebookuntil/tillIfinishit.XiaoMingdidn’tleavehometill/untilhisfathercameback.(主句動詞是瞬間動詞)I__________(go)tobeduntilIfinishmyhomework.Mymother_________(wait)forhimuntilhecameback.【答案】won’tgowaitsince引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句與before引導(dǎo)的時間狀從特殊句型：Ithasbeen...since+從句./Itis...since+從句Itwas(not)+時間+before+從句1.Itwasalongtime______hecamebackhome.A.sinceB.whileC.untilD.Before2.Thebookwassointerestingthathereaditforfourhours_______herealizedit.while B.after C.before D.assoonas3.---Howlonghaven’tyouwrittentoyourfather? ---It’sthreemonths______hereceivedmylastone. A.when B.after C.before D.since4.---Peter,willyouleaveforGreatBritainnow?---No.ItwillbetwoweeksIleavehere.AuntilBsinceCbeforeDwhen【答案】DCDCas/when/while的辨析as/when/while都表示主、從句動作同時發(fā)生，三者差異如下：as表示“一邊…...一邊＂的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，表示對比時用于發(fā)生時間較短時when還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主句動詞的動作＂之前＂或＂之后＂發(fā)生。while①用于時間較長時;②強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，并表示對比時例：Hevisitedalotofplaces_______hewastraveling.Iwasdoingmyhomework________myfatherwaswashinghiscar.______Igrowup,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld._______shestoodthere,sheheardthefirstbell.WewerewatchingTV______suddenlythelightwentout.【答案】whilewhileWhenAswhen注意：1.Itwasraininghardwhen(as)Igotthere.(動作同時發(fā)生，when可換為as,但不能換為while，因為get是瞬間動詞.)2.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.(從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態(tài))3.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.(表轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，when,as都不能代替)4.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas(when/while)fatherwasaway.(此時as,when,while可通用)if和unless(=if…not)(1)Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.(2)Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately=Ifyoudon’tleaveimmediately,youwillbelate.because,since,as與for這三個詞所表示的語氣由because到as逐漸減弱。由why提出的問題用because回答?！猈hyareyoulate? 你為什么遲到？—BecauseI'mill. 因為我病了。since表示的原因是人們已知的事實,since在這里譯為“既然” 例：Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.表示雙方已知的事實或理由，強(qiáng)調(diào)未發(fā)生的結(jié)果。例：Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.表示雙方已知的事實或理由，強(qiáng)調(diào)已發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的結(jié)果。for為并列連詞，附帶解釋說明前面分句的理由位置上：because可前可后，since/as只能句首；for句中，前有逗號1._______youhavefinishedthework,youcanhavearest.A.SinceB.BecauseC.WhileD.Until2.TheprogrammeRunningManhasbeenhotonscreenrecently_____somepopstarsbringtheaudiencealotoffun.untilB.becauseC.thoughD.unless【答案】ABso...that與such...that互換Sheissuchalovelygirlthatweloveherverymuch.（句型轉(zhuǎn)換）=________________________weloveherverymuch.【答案】Sheissolovelyagirlthat注意：當(dāng)名詞前有many或much或few/little(少的)修飾時,用so而不用such1.—_______littlewaterisnotenoughfor_______manybirds.—_______littlebirdscannothave_______much.A.Such;such;Such;so B.So;so;So;such C.Such;so;Such;so D.So;so;Such;so2.Amyis_______acarefulgirlthatshemade______mistakesinherlastexam.A.so;solittle B.so;suchlittle C.such;suchfew D.such;sofew3.___littleboyshave____littledifficultyinworkingouttheseproblems____Iadmirethemverymuch.Aso;so;thatBsuch;so;thatCso;such;/Dsuch;such;/【答案】DDB三、定語從句定語從句的構(gòu)成ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.★先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞?！镪P(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞又分為關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why★只用that不用which的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略。②還有先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,或先行詞就是序數(shù)詞或最高級時.③以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which或who時,都只能用that=4\*GB3④當(dāng)先行詞被theonly，thevery修飾時表示強(qiáng)調(diào)=5\*GB3⑤兩個定語從句中一個已用which時，另一個用that1).Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2).Theisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.3).Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.4).Thisistheonlything_________wecando.5).Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings________Ihadneverseenbefore.6).Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.【答案】1.that2.that/\3.that/\4.that/\5.that/\6.that/\?【真題回顧】【2022-鹽城中考】13.—Canyoutellme________?—Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreen.A.howwecanhavebrighteyes B.whyweshouldprotectoureyesC.wherewecanseeaneyedoctor D.whenweshoulddoeyeexercises【答案】A【解析】句意：——你能告訴我怎樣才能擁有明亮的眼睛嗎？——不要花太多時間在屏幕上。考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。how如何，怎樣；why為什么；where哪里；when什么時候。根據(jù)“Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreen”可推測出，在詢問如何才能擁有明亮的眼鏡，“如何，怎樣”，此時應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A。【2022-淮安中考】9.—Mum,Ifoundawalletonthebusthismorning.—Ithinkyoushouldgiveittothepoliceandtheymayknow________.A.howistheowner B.whoistheowner C.howtheowneris D.whotheowneris【答案】D【解析】句意：——媽媽。今天早上我在公共汽車上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個錢包?！蚁肽銘?yīng)該把它交給警察，他們也許會知道主人是誰?？疾橘e語從句。此處是賓語從句，需用陳述語序，排除AB；結(jié)合“Ithinkyoushouldgiveittothepoliceandtheymayknow...”可知，是可能知道主人是誰。故選D?！?022-南通中考】14.Sandyaskedtheboy________.A.whydidhelikeEnglishfilms B.howhewillimprovehisEnglishC.whyhereadtheEnglishmagazine D.howmanynewwordshehaslearned【答案】C【解析】句意：桑迪問男孩為什么看英文雜志?？疾橘e語從句。分析句子可知，本句是賓語從句，需用陳述語序，可排除A選項；再根據(jù)“Sandyaskedtheboy”可知，主句是一般過去時，從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，可排除BD選項。故選C。【2022-揚州中考】14.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?—YoucantakeNo.6busthere.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLake B.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLake D.howIcangettotheSlenderWestLake【答案】D【解析】句意：——打擾一下，你能告訴我怎么去瘦西湖嗎？——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交車。大約15分鐘的車程?？疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除AC；根據(jù)“YoucantakeNo.6busthere”可知上句詢問應(yīng)如何去某地，用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選D?！?022-宿遷中考】14.—Jenny,doyouknow________?—Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplace B.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplace D.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplace【答案】A【解析】句意：——珍妮，你知道運動會什么時候舉行嗎？——額，下周二?？疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除BD；根據(jù)“nextTuesday”可知上文詢問時間，用when引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A?！?022-連云港中考】13.—Couldyoupleasetellme?—YoucantakeNo.2Bus.A.whenwasthenearesthospitalbuiltB.howcanIgettothenearesthospitalC.whenthenearesthospitalwasbuiltD.howIcangettothenearesthospital【答案】D【解析】考查賓語從句和問路的方式。D表示“我怎樣能夠到達(dá)最近的醫(yī)院”?！?022-無錫中考】10.—Therewillbearobotonshowinourschoolnextweek.—Really?Iwonder________.A.whatitlikes B.whatitislikeC.whatdoesitlike D.whatisitlike【答案】B【解析】考查賓語從句的語序問題，賓語從句中要用陳述語序，所以C和D都是錯誤的，根據(jù)第一句話可知我想的是這個機(jī)器人長得什么樣子，所以選擇B選項?！?022-泰州中考】9.—Mum,doyouknow________?Anengineer.—That’sinteresting.Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.A.whatdomyclassmatescallme B.whatmyclassmatescallmeC.whydomyclassmatescallme D.whymyclassmatescallme【答案】B【解析】句意：——媽媽，你知道我的同學(xué)叫我什么嗎？一名工程師?！@很有趣。我猜你經(jīng)常在學(xué)校幫別人修東西?？疾橘e語從句。此處是賓語從句，需用陳述語序，排除AC；根據(jù)“Anengineer.”可知，是“叫我什么”，用what。故選B?！?022-南通中考】4.Maryisgoodatwriting.Iamsureshe’llgetagoodplace________shetakespartinthewritingcompetition.A.before B.if C.though D.unless【答案】B【解析】句意：瑪麗擅長寫作。如果她參加寫作比賽，我相信她會獲得好成績。

考查連詞辨析。before在……以前；if如果；though盡管；unless除非。根據(jù)“Iamsureshe’llgetagoodplace...shetakespartinthewritingcompetition.”可知后句是前句的條件，應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，故選B?！?022-揚州中考】3.________astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)宇航員進(jìn)行太空行走時，他們會穿著宇航服來保護(hù)自己的安全?？疾檫B詞辨析。Though雖然；Till直到；When當(dāng)……時候；Unless除非。根據(jù)“astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe”可知當(dāng)宇航員太空行走時，他們會穿宇航服，用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故選C。【2022-宿遷中考】6.Yesterday,LinTao’sspeechonhowtobeagoodvolunteerwas________wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim.A.so B.very C.too D.quite【答案】A【解析】句意：昨天，林濤關(guān)于如何做好志愿者的演講精彩到讓我們?nèi)滩蛔樗麣g呼?？疾楦痹~辨析。so如此，修飾形容詞或副詞；very非常；too太；quite相當(dāng)。根據(jù)“wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim”可知此處是“so+adj./adv.that...”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“如此……以致于”。故選A。【2022-連云港中考】6.Kitty,thesebooksareheavyforyoucarry.Letmehelpyou.A.as...asB.too...toC.such...thatD.so...hat【答案】B【解析】考查固定句式“too.........to............”,表示“太..........而不能..........”。【2022-無錫中考】9.Youwillnotgetthespecialgift________youfinishallthetasks.A.after B.because C.while D.unless【答案】D【解析】考查條件狀語從句的連接詞unless,表示“除非”。【2022-泰州中考】4.—Itisimpossibletofinishthedifficulttaskinsuchashorttimeonmyown________bothofusworktogether.—Noproblem.Let’sstart!A.if B.but C.because D.unless【答案】D【解析】考查條件狀語從句。unless意思是“除非”。這句話意思是“除非我們一起努力，否則靠我自己一人不可能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成這樣一個艱難的任務(wù)?！?【模擬訓(xùn)練】一、賓語從句Alicetellyoutogettothestation?shesaidwewouldmeetthereatten.A.howB.whatC.when D.where2.Whenyoustartyournewjourney,youshouldn’tforgetyoucamefrom.A.where B.what C.when D.why3.—Jerry,Ihaven’theardfromCarlforalongtime.Canyoutellme______heisrecently?—Heisbusywithhisdrivingtest.Youmaycommunicatewithhimonthephone.A.how B.which C.why D.when4.——Everyfouryears.howlong B.howsoon C.howmany D.howoften 5.—DoyouknowMetroLine4willbecompleted?—It’salreadybeeninserviceforthreemonths.Andnowit’smucheasierandfastertogoaroundthewholecity.A.how B.when C.where D.what6.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?—Infrontofthegateofourschool.A.whattimeshouldwearriveatthepark B.whereshouldwemeet C.whereIcanfindyoutomorrowmorning D.whatweneedtotakewithus 7.—Canyouimaginein100yearsfromnow?—It’llbeunbelievable.A.howwilllifebelike B.howlifewillbelikeC.whatlifewillbelike D.whatwilllifebelike8.Jack’smotherwonders___________________.A.thatthecomputercosthimmuch B.howmuchwillhepayforthecomputerC.ifthecomputerwillcosthimmuch D.howmuchhewouldpayforthecomputer9.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme?—Betterwalkthere.It’sonlyabouttenminutes’walk.A.howfarSuguoSupermarketis B.howfarisSuguoSupermarketC.howcanIgettoSuguoSupermarket D.howIcangettoSuguoSupermarket10.—Iamanewreader.Couldyoutellme_________?—Certainly.Oneweek,andyoucanrenewit.A.howlongcanIkeepthismagazine B.howlongIcankeepthismagazineC.whencanIkeepthismagazine D.whenIcankeepthismagazine11.MyAmericanfriendSamisquiteinterestedinNanjing.Hewonders_______.A.whenwastheConfuciusTemplebuilt B.HowhighisthePurpleMountainC.thatNanjingwasveryrichinancienttimes D.whobuiltDr.SunYat-sen'sMausoleum12.—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme?—Inabouthalfanhour,Ithink.Youcanwaitandhaveacupoftea.A.howlongwillMr.Libeback B.howlongMr.LiwillbebackC.howsoonwillMr.Libeback D.howsoonMr.Liwillbeback13.—Excuseme.Canyoutellme______?—Goalongthisstreetandtakethesecondturningontheright.A.whereisLaomendong B.whenLaomendongwasbuiltC.howIcangettoLaomendong D.whichwaycanItaketoLaomendong【答案】CAADBCCCDBDDC二、狀語從句1.______Ihavelosteverythinginthisterribleearthquake,Ihavenotlostmylife.A.BecauseB.SoC.AlthoughD.If2.Wedon'tknowtheloveofourparents_______webecomeparentsourselvesoneday.A.untilB.afterC.whenD.since3.Shestoppedtalkinghermothercameintotheroom.A.assoonasB.unlessC.though4.—Ithasbeenmucheasierformetogotowork________sharedbikesappeared.—Buttheyalsocausedplentyofproblems.A.sinceB.beforeC.unlessD.though5.—Thankyoufortellingmesomuchknowledgeaboutnature.—Don’tmentionit.______youhavemorequestions,cometomeanytime.A.IfB.BecauseC.Though6.TheShapeofWaterwasabigwinneratthe90thAcademyAwards,winningfourOscars:BestProductionDesign,BestScore,BestDirectorandBestPicture.A.assoonasB.aswellasC.asmuchasD.asgoodas7.Themanagerofthehotelwaswaitingatthegate______theguestsarrived.A.whileB.whenC.unlessD.after8.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.because9.LittleJackhaslearnedtodolotsofthingsonhisown,______heisonlyfouryearsold.A.ifB.thoughC.forD.since10.MygrandfatherdoesChineseKungFueveryday________heisovereighty.A.sinceB.thoughC.until11.MrBlackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp____weweredoinganexperiment.A.whileB.althoughC.untilD.unless12.Bob,dinnerisready.Pleasewashyourhands________youeat.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.before13.Insummer,foodwillgobadquickly________weputitintoafridge.A.ifB.unlessC.assoonasD.while14.MexicanandTex-MexfoodswerepopularintheUSA,_______nowChinesefoodhasmorefans.A.becauseB.butC.so