專題10 閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文議論文）【考題猜想】-七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考點(diǎn)大串講（滬教版2024）（解析版）

專題10閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文，議論文）【真題演練】Passage1（23-24·廣州海珠區(qū)期末試題）Goodfriendsarereallyimportantforourhappiness.Wehavefuntogether,laughtogetherandtheymakeussmile.Theylistentousandhelpusthroughdifficulttimes.WhatmakesagoodfriendAgoodfriendisalwaysthereforyou,youcanbeyourselfwhenyou’rewiththem.Agoodfriendiskind,honestandisn’tafraidtotellyouthetruth.Youenjoyspendingtimetogetherandmaybesharesomehobbiesorinterests.WhatistheInternationalDayofFriendshipFriendshipissoimportantthat,in2011,theUnitedNationsdecidedtomakeaspecialdayforit!TheInternationalDayofFriendshipison30thJulyeveryyear.Theideaisthatfriendshipbetweendifferentgroupsofpeople,countriesandculturescanhelpuslivetogethermorepeacefully.________TheInternationalDayofFriendshipisnotonlyon30thJulyaroundtheworld.Somecountriescelebrateitondifferentdays.Forexample,BrazilandSpaincelebrateFriendshipDayon20thJuly,andpeoplecelebrateitonthefirstSundayinAugustinIndiaandtheUSA.ThewaystocelebratetheInternationalDayofFriendshipYoucanshowyourfriendsthatyoucareaboutthemandthatyouvalueyourfriendship.Youcouldmakeacardorwriteanote.Youcouldmakethemasmallpresentormakeacakeforthem.Whateveryoudoonthisday,it’satimetohavefunandcelebratewithfriends,andperhapsmakesomenewones!HappyInternationalDayofFriendship!31.WhatcanwelearnabouttheInternationalDayofFriendshipfromthispassage?A.Itison30thJulyallovertheworld.B.Weshouldonlytellgoodwordstoourfriendsonthatday.C.PeoplecelebrateitonthesamedayintheUSAandinSpain.D.ThefirstInternationalDayofFriendshipwasaboutthirteenyearsago.32.Theunderlinedword“value”inthelastparagraphmeans“thinksomethingis________”.A.fun B.easy C.interesting D.important33.Whichcanbethebestfor“________”?A.TheimportanceofgoodfriendsB.FriendshipDaysaroundtheworldC.TheimportanceoftheInternationalDayofFriendshipD.InterestingthingsabouttheInternationalDayofFriendship34.Whydoesthewriterwritethepassage?A.Tointroducefriendship.B.Tointroducegoodfriends.C.TointroducetheInternationalDayofFriendship.D.TointroducetheactivitiesontheFriendshipDay.【答案】31.D32.D33.B34.C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了朋友的重要性，國(guó)際友誼日的由來(lái)以及不同國(guó)家慶祝友誼日的時(shí)間和慶祝方式。31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Friendshipissoimportantthat,in2011,theUnitedNationsdecidedtomakeaspecialdayforit!”可知，國(guó)際友誼日是2011年設(shè)立的，距今已有13年了。故選D。32.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Youcanshowyourfriendsthatyoucareaboutthem”可知，你可以向你的朋友表示關(guān)心，由此可猜測(cè)是向朋友們表達(dá)對(duì)他們的重視。故選D。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheInternationalDayofFriendshipisnotonlyon30thJulyaroundtheworld.”可知，國(guó)際友誼日是一個(gè)全球性的節(jié)日，B項(xiàng)“全世界的友誼日”符合該段語(yǔ)境。故選B。34.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Friendshipissoimportantthat,in2011,theUnitedNationsdecidedtomakeaspecialdayforit!”和“HappyInternationalDayofFriendship!”可知，本文主要介紹的是“國(guó)際友誼日”這個(gè)節(jié)日。故選C。Passage2（24-25·深圳龍崗區(qū)期中試題）Plasticisuseful.It’sinalotofthingsweuseeveryday,fromclothestopens,andbottlestotoys.Butthere’saproblem.Mostplasticisnotbiodegradable(可生物降解的),andalotofitendsupinthesea.Howbigistheproblem?Therearebillionsofbitsofplasticintheworld’ssea!Everyoceanandeverybeachhasplastic,fromlargeobjectstosmallpiecescalledmicroplastics.Tonsofplasticgointotheseaeveryyear.Increasinglikethis,by2050therewillbemoreplasticthanfishinthesea!Howdoesplasticharmseaanimals?Fish,seaturtles,andbirdsthinkplasticisfood,andtheyeatit.Theplasticstaysintheirstomachs.Deadseabirdsarefoundwithstomachsfullofplastic.Whales,dolphins,andsealsarecaughtbyplasticbagsorfishingnets.It’ssaidthatmillionsofoceananimalsdieeachyearbecauseofplasticrubbishintheseaaroundtheworld.Whatcanwedo?Manypeopleandorganizationsaroundtheworldaretakingaction.Insomecountries,plasticbagsaren’tallowedtouse.Scientistsaredevelopingnewbiodegradableplastic.Manycommunitiesaretryingtouselessplasticandrecyclemore.Kidsareplayingtheirpart,suchasworkingtomaketheirschools“zeroplastic”.Plasticpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,soit’snecessaryforustoproduce,buyandusefewerplasticproducts.Aboveall,onepersoncan’tsolveitalone,buttogetherwewillmakeadifference.6.Whatwillhappentotheworld’soceansby2050accordingtothepassage?A.Tonsofplasticwillentertheocean. B.Therewillbemoreplasticthanfish.C.Therewillbebillionsofbitsofplastic. D.Everyoceanandbeachwillhaveplastic.7.Manyfish,seaturtles,andbirdsdiebecause________accordingtothepassage.A.theyeatplentyofplastic B.theydon’thavefoodtoeatC.theyarecaughtbyfishermen D.theyarecaughtbyplasticbags8.InParagraph5,thewriteradvisesusto________.A.maketheproblemmoreserious B.solvetheproblemonourownC.buymoreplasticproductsalone D.worktogethertosolvetheproblem9.Inwhichpartofthenewspapercanwereadthetext?A.Travel. B.Science. C.History. D.Sport.10.Howisthetextorganized?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2,...)A. B. C. D.【答案】6.B7.A8.D9.B10.B【解析】本文主要介紹了塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性、塑料對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物的危害以及我們能做什么。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Increasinglikethis,by2050therewillbemoreplasticthanfishinthesea!”可知，如果繼續(xù)這樣增長(zhǎng)下去，到2050年海洋里的塑料將比魚還多。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Fish,seaturtles,andbirdsthinkplasticisfood,andtheyeatit.Theplasticstaysintheirstomachs.”可知，魚、海龜和鳥認(rèn)為塑料是食物，就把塑料吃了，結(jié)果塑料留在它們的胃里，導(dǎo)致了它們的死亡。故選A。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Aboveall,onepersoncan’tsolveitalone,buttogetherwewillmakeadifference.”可知，一個(gè)人不能獨(dú)自解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，但只要我們齊心協(xié)力就能有所作為。故選D。9.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性、塑料對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物的危害以及我們能做什么，因此文章可能選自報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”部分，故選B。10.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，本文是“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段引出塑料污染這一話題；第二段至第四段分別介紹了塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性、塑料對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物的危害以及我們能做什么；第五段總結(jié)全文，號(hào)召大家齊心協(xié)力解決塑料污染問(wèn)題。因此選項(xiàng)B與之相符，故選B。Passage3（24-25·深圳期中試題）Whatmaytwodogsmakingradioprogramslooklike?Howaboutabasketballmatchwithdifferentseaanimalsasplayers?WithSora,youmaysoonbeabletofindout.ThelatestAImodelcangeneratevideosuptoaminutelongfromsomekeywordsinseconds.ItwasbuiltbyOpenAI,thecompanybehindthepopularchatbotChatGPT.ThepubliccannotuseSoranow.OpenAIisaskingexpertstotestitforpossiblerisks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)).Themodelisalsoopentoasmallgroupofartists.ThecompanyhopestomakeSorabetter.BeforeSora,theleadingtext-to-videoAImodelwasmadebyRunway.Thevideositproducedwereshortandoftenfrightening.SomostpeopleweresurprisedbythehighqualityofSora’svideos.Soramodelisn’tperfectnowbecauseitmaynotunderstandcauseandeffect.“Forexample,apersonmaytakeabiteoutofacookie,butthenthecookiemaynothaveabitemark,”O(jiān)penAIsaysonitswebsite.What’smore,Soracannottellleftorright.InavideoontheOpenAIwebsite,amanisrunningonatreadmill(跑步機(jī))intheoppositedirection.Atthesametime,somepeoplehaveotherworries.TheyareafraidthatsomepeoplemaynotuseAI-generatedcontentinacorrectway.UnrealAI-generatedinformationisthebiggestrisktheworldfaces.Tosolvethisproblem,OpenAIsaysthatit’salsobuildingtoolstohelpuserstofindoutvideosmadebySora.11.Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic?A.Bytellingastory. B.Byusingasaying. C.Byaskingquestions. D.Bygivingsomefacts.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“generate”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Appear. B.Produce. C.Support. D.Dig.13.WhocanuseSoranow?A.Everyartist. B.Achatbot. C.Someexperts. D.Anystudent.14.WhywerepeoplesurprisedbySora’svideos?A.BecauseSora’svideosweremadefromChatGPT.B.BecauseSora’svideoswereshortandfrightening.C.BecauseSora’svideoswereproducedinhighquality.D.BecauseSora’svideoscantellcauseandeffect.15.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.TherearesomeproblemsofSoramodel.B.PeopleareworriedaboutSoramodel.C.OpenAIhelpssolveSoramodel’sproblem.D.ThepublicarewaitingtouseSoramodel.【答案】11.C12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】這篇短文主要介紹了OpenAI公司最新開發(fā)的AI模型Sora，它能根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞在幾秒鐘內(nèi)生成長(zhǎng)達(dá)一分鐘的短視頻。目前Sora還未對(duì)公眾開放，正在接受專家的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)測(cè)試和小部分藝術(shù)家的試用，以改進(jìn)其功能。文章提到，Sora的視頻質(zhì)量令人驚喜，但仍有缺陷，比如不理解因果關(guān)系和左右方向，同時(shí)也存在AI生成內(nèi)容被不當(dāng)使用的擔(dān)憂。OpenAI表示正在開發(fā)工具以幫助用戶識(shí)別由Sora生成的視頻。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatmaytwodogsmakingradioprogramslooklike?Howaboutabasketballmatchwithdifferentseaanimalsasplayers?”可知，通過(guò)問(wèn)題引入主題。故選C。12.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“aminutelongfromsomekeywordsinseconds.”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)說(shuō)最新的人工智能模型可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)從一些關(guān)鍵詞生成長(zhǎng)達(dá)一分鐘的視頻。所以“generate”意為“生成”與“Produce”意思相符。故選B。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThepubliccannotuseSoranow.OpenAIisaskingexpertstotestitforpossiblerisks.Themodelisalsoopentoasmallgroupofartists.”可知，一些專家可以使用Sora。故選C。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“SomostpeopleweresurprisedbythehighqualityofSora’svideos.”可知，因?yàn)镾ora的視頻制作質(zhì)量很高。故選C。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Soramodelisn’tperfectnowbecauseitmaynotunderstandcauseandeffect.”可知，最后一段說(shuō)的是Sora模型存在一些問(wèn)題。故選A。Passage4（24-25·江蘇南京期中試題）Laboreducation(勞動(dòng)教育)isveryimportant.Itcanhelpustobegoodpeopleandeveryoneofusneedsit.Inourlife,weoftenseedifferentwaysoflaboreducation.Forexample,weoftendohouseworkathomeandcleanclassroomsinschools.Andthesewayshaveagreatinfluence(影響)onus.Let’stalkabouthouseworkathomefirst.Somepeoplethinkthestudentsdon’tneedtodohousework.ButIdon’tthinkso.Infact,itbringsalotofbenefits(好處).Doinghouseworkcanhelpusknowtherealeverydaylifeandhowtoliveagoodeverydaylife.Cleaningclassroomsisusuallythelaboreducationatschool.Teachersaskustodothateveryday.Welovetodothatbecauseitshowsourlovetoourschoolandwearepartofourschoolorclass.Whenwedoit,wecangetmoreresponsibility(責(zé)任感)fromit.Also,studyanddoingthelaborworkarenotseparate(分離的)fromeachotherinthisworld.▲.Studyandlaborworktogethercanhelpustogetagoodlifefromtheworldandhelpustobeausefulpersontotheworld.Inaword,takinglaboreducationcanhelpustoknowmoreabouttheworld,liveagoodlife,havemoreresponsibilityandbeausefulperson.Ihopeeveryoneofuscantakemorelaboreducationandmaketheworldgreat!1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebenefitofdoinghouseworkathome?A.Itgivesstudentsachancetolearnfromtheirparents.B.Itbuildsabridgebetweenstudyandlaboreducation.C.Ithelpsstudentsknowabouttherealdailylifebetter.D.Itmakesstudentsstudywellbothatschoolandathome.2.Whichofthestudents’activitiesisnotabout“l(fā)aboreducation”?A.Ben:Ihelpmydadwashthecar.B.Claire:Ijoinalotofclubsatschool.C.Paul:Ioftenmakecakesformybrother.D.Lucy:Ialwaysgoshoppingforgrandparents.3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthe“________”?A.Studyandlaborworkbothneedresponsibility.B.Weallneedtheworldtoteachusmorelessons.C.Ourworlddoesn’tneedpeopletodohousework.D.Knowledgefrombooksisimportanttotheworld.4.What’sthestructureofthepassage?（①＝Para1.②﹣Para2.③＝Para3.④＝Para4.⑤＝Para5.）A. B. C. D.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【解析】本文主要講述了勞動(dòng)教育的重要性，指出它有助于我們成為更好的人，并強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)人都需要接受勞動(dòng)教育。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Doinghouseworkcanhelpusknowtherealeverydaylifeandhowtoliveagoodeverydaylife.”可知，在家做家務(wù)的好處是它幫助學(xué)生更好地了解真實(shí)的日常生活，故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inourlife,weoftenseedifferentwaysoflaboreducation.Forexample,weoftendohouseworkathomeandcleanclassroomsinschools.”可知，在我們的生活中，我們經(jīng)?？吹讲煌膭趧?dòng)教育方式。例如，我們經(jīng)常在家做家務(wù)，在學(xué)校打掃教室。B選項(xiàng)“Claire:我在學(xué)校參加了很多俱樂(lè)部”是文體活動(dòng)，而不是關(guān)于“勞動(dòng)教育”的，故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Also,studyanddoingthelaborworkarenotseparate(分離的)fromeachotherinthisworld.”可知，學(xué)習(xí)和勞動(dòng)并不是分開的?？赏茢喑?，此處應(yīng)說(shuō)明學(xué)習(xí)和勞動(dòng)的共同點(diǎn)，A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)和勞動(dòng)都需要責(zé)任。”最適合，故選A。4.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，根據(jù)第一段總述勞動(dòng)教育的重要性；第二、三和四段分別從幾個(gè)方面講述勞動(dòng)教育的重要性；第五段進(jìn)行總結(jié)。故選B。Passage5（23-24·武漢七年級(jí)期末試題）Itisnotaneasyjobtobeagoodparent.Ihavelearnedthatlittlekidsarelikedogs,whileteenagersarecats.It’seasytobeadogowner.Youfeeditandtrainit,anditwillputitsheadonyourkneegently.Wheneveryoucallit,itwillruntoyouwithgreatwarmth.Thenaroundage13,yourlovelylittlepuppyturnsintoabigoldcat.Whenyouaskittocomeinside,itlookssurprised,wonderingwhyyougivesuchanorder.Itmayturnitsnoseupatthemealyou’reserving.Whenyoureachouttotouchitshead,itwillstayawayfromyou,asiftryingtohideitsownsecrets.________.Itthinkssomethinginatotallydifferentway.Itseemssostrange.Maybeitevendoesn’twanttogooutwithitsfamilymembers.Youmaythinkthatyouhavedonesomethingwrong,becauseyouaretheonewhoraisesitandstayswithitallthetime.Floodedwithguilt(內(nèi)疚)andfear,youdoubleyourefforts(努力)tomakeyourpetunderyourcontrol,buttheresultalwaysturnsouttobedisappointing.Insteadofcontinuingtoactlikeadogowner,youshouldlearntobehavelikeacatowner.Putadishoffoodnearthedoor,andletitcometoyou.Butrememberthatacatalsoneedsyourhelpandyourlove.Youneedtotellitthereisadoorwhichisalwaysopenforit.Oneday,yourgrown-upchildwillwalkintothekitchen,giveyouabigkissandsay,“Letmegetthosedishesforyou.”1.What’sthewriter’spurposeofthefirstsentence?A.Togiveadvicetootherparents. B.Tocomplainabouthisexperience.C.Tobegintosharesomethingwithotherparents. D.Tointroducehisexperienceasadogowner.2.Whichofthefollowingactateenageboymayprobablydo?A.Alwayskisshismotherandsay“Iloveyou”toher. B.Keepthediaryawayfromhisparents.C.Travelwithhisfamilymembers. D.Doashisparentsaskhimtodo.3.Theunderlinedword“serving”inparagraph2means________.A.cooking B.buying C.using D.giving4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin________?A.Adogisnoteasytoraise. B.Thekidnowisnotadoganymore.C.Catsaresmartanimals. D.Agoodparentshouldalsogrowupwiththekid.5.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.howtoberaisedogsandcatsB.thebestwaytobringupchildrenC.whatisagoodparentD.thechangingrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.B5.D【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出做好父母不易，將小孩比作狗、青少年比作貓，強(qiáng)調(diào)面對(duì)青少年應(yīng)調(diào)整教養(yǎng)方式，像對(duì)待貓一樣給予空間和愛(ài)。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itisnotaneasyjobtobeagoodparent.Ihavelearnedthatlittlekidsarelikedogs,whileteenagersarecats...”可知，作者寫第一句話的目的是引出本文的主題，與讀者分享自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thenaroundage13...Whenyoureachouttotouchitshead,itwillstayawayfromyou,asiftryingtohideitsownsecrets.”可推知，十幾歲的孩子會(huì)試圖隱藏自己的秘密，可能會(huì)把日記放在遠(yuǎn)離父母的地方。故選B。3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Thenaroundage13,yourlovelylittlepuppyturnsintoabigoldcat...Itmayturnitsnoseupatthemealyou’reserving.”可推知，此處將青少年比喻成小貓，應(yīng)是對(duì)家長(zhǎng)端來(lái)的飯不屑，serving“提供”應(yīng)與giving“給”意思相近。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Itthinkssomethinginatotallydifferentway.”可知，此處指出了小狗和小貓的不同之處，設(shè)空處應(yīng)指十幾歲的孩子已經(jīng)不再是小狗，開始變?yōu)樾∝?，B項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的孩子已經(jīng)不是小狗了”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Itisnotaneasyjobtobeagoodparent.Ihavelearnedthatlittlekidsarelikedogs,whileteenagersarecats.”以及全文可知，小孩子和青少年有不同的特征，父母應(yīng)調(diào)整教養(yǎng)方式，子女與父母之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)是不斷變化的。故選D。Passage6（24-25·深圳期中試題）WhenthefamousscientistAlbertEinsteinwas16yearsold,heimaginedhimselfridingalongsideabeam(束)oflight.Heusedthispictureinmindtohelphimwhenworkingoutthe“theoryofrelativity(相對(duì)論)”.“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,”saidEinstein.Daydreaming,called“thoughtexperiments”byEinstein,canmakeyouhavewildimaginings,likeflyingaroundinspace.Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas,memoriesandexperiencesthataren’thappeningrightnow.Itmeansthinkingaheadtoaholidayorrememberinghowmuchyouenjoyedabirthdayparty.Accordingtohealthorganizations,daydreamingforawhileeachdaycanimproveyouremotional(情緒的)healthandcreativity.★.Forexample,afteralongdayatworkoradisagreementwithafriend,letyourmindflyawaytothepictureofabigmealorthefriend’ssmilingface.Imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakinpublicislikehavingpracticedthesceneinyourheadbeforeformanytimes,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.Acoupleofminutestoletyourmindswander(漫游)andhopeforgoodthingstohappenlowernegative(消極的)thinking.GuoQiang,apsychologist,suggestsweshouldmaketimetodaydream.“Itcanbeapowerfultooltoshapeourfeelings.”hesaid.However,trynottoletyourmindbeabsentwhenyouneedtofocusinclassorcrosstheroad.Instead,findatimewhenyoudon’thavetofocusonanything,likegoingforawalkorbrushingyourteeth.Daydreaminginspirescreativityandletsyoufindnewworldswheretherearenolimits(限制)towhatyoucandoorwhoyouare.Toencouragecreativity,thinkaboutinterestingideasandseewhereyourmindtakesyou.Researchshowsthatpeopleoftencomeupwithmoresolutionstoproblemsafterthey’ve“hadadream”.Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyougointhenewworld.1.Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2,…)A. B. C. D.2.WhatBIGquestiondoesParagraph2answer?A.Whatisdaydreaming? B.Whendoyoudaydream?C.Wheredoyoudaydream? D.Howdoesdaydreaminghelpyou?3.Daydreamingcanmakepeople________.a.flyaround

b.thinkfreely

c.walkslowlyd.feelcalmer

e.thinkahead

f.inspirecreativityA.a,b,f B.b,c,d C.a,c,f D.b,d,e4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin★?A.Daydreamingmakesyouforgetdifficultthings.B.Daydreamingmeansunrealbutjoyfulthings.C.Daydreamingaboutsomethingpleasanthelpsyoudealwithworriesandstress.D.Daydreamingencouragesyoutofinishtheimpossible.5.AccordingtoPara.5,daydreamingistalkedabout________.A.toadvisepeopletohaveamindbreak B.tosuggestlivingatthemomentC.tofindsolutionstohomeworkproblems D.toshowascienceresearchresult【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A【解析】本文主要講述了阿爾伯特.愛(ài)因斯坦在16歲時(shí)，想象自己沿著一束光線騎行的故事，并將這個(gè)想象用于他的相對(duì)論理論的推導(dǎo)中。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了想象力的重要性，認(rèn)為它比知識(shí)更重要。1.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段由愛(ài)因斯坦將想象力用于他的相對(duì)論理論的推導(dǎo)中引入話題，然后第二段具體闡述了做白日夢(mèng)的具體含義及意義，并由此引出接下來(lái)三段內(nèi)容具體的做法。結(jié)構(gòu)符合選項(xiàng)B所示。故選B。2.段落大意題。分析第二段內(nèi)容可知，主要介紹了什么是白日夢(mèng)及其意義。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Itletsyourmindwalkslowlyaroundideas...”可知，它可以讓人們自由地思考；根據(jù)“Imagininghowyou’regoingtospeakinpublicislikehavingpracticedthesceneinyourheadbeforeformanytimes,whichcanmakeyoufeelcalmer.”可知，它可以讓人們感到更鎮(zhèn)定；根據(jù)“Itmeansthinkingahead...”可知，它可以讓人提前思考。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“Forexample,afteralongdayatworkoradisagreementwithafriend,letyourmindflyawaytothepictureofabigmealorthefriend’ssmilingface.”可知，前面應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是白日夢(mèng)可以幫助人們帶走憂愁和煩惱。故選C。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sonexttimeyou’restuckwithhomework,stopforamomentandseewhereyougointhenewworld.”可知，這里想說(shuō)的是通過(guò)白日夢(mèng)來(lái)讓大腦得到片刻的放松。故選A。Passage6（24-25·深圳期中模擬試題）Toomanypeoplewantotherstobetheirfriends,buttheydon’tgivefriendshipback.Thatiswhysomefriendshipsdon’tlastverylong.Tohaveafriend,youmustlearntotreatyourfriendthewayyouwantyourfriendtotreatyou.Learningtobeagoodfriendmeanslearningthreerules:behonest;begenerous;beunderstanding.Honestyhelpsstartagoodfriendship.Friendsmustbeabletotrusteachother.Ifyoudon’ttellthetruth,peopleusuallyfindout.Ifafriendfindsoutthatyouarenothonest,youmayloseyourfriend’strust.Goodfriendsshouldalwaysspeakandacthonestly.Generositymeanssharingandsharingmakesafriendshipgrow.Youdon’thavetogiveyourlunchmoneyoryourclothes,orenjoyments,likeyourhobbiesandyourinterests.Naturallyyouwillwanttoshareyourideasandfeelings.Theytellyourfriendwhatisimportanttoyou.Bysharingthem,youhelpyourfriendknowyoubetter.Soonerorlatereveryoneneedsunderstandingandhelpwithaproblem.Somethingmaygowrongatschool.Talkingabouttheproblemcanmakeiteasiertosolve.Turningtoafriendcanbeafirststepinsolvingtheproblem.Sotobeafriendyoumustlistenandunderstand.Youmusttrytoputyourselfinyourfriend’splacesoyoucanunderstandtheproblembetter.Notwofriendshipsareeverexactlyalike.Butalltruefriendshipshavethreethingsincommon.Ifyouplantokeepyourfriendships,youmustpracticehonesty,generosityandunderstanding.6.Somefriendshipsdon’tlastverylongbecause________.A.toomanypeoplewanttomakefriendsB.somepeoplereceivefriendshipbutdon’tgivefriendshipbackC.somepeoplegiveothersfriendshipandreceivefriendshipfromothersD.theydon’tknowfriendshipissomethingimportant7.Accordingtothetext,honestyis________.A.somethingunimportant B.thebase（基礎(chǔ)）offriendshipC.asimportantasmoney D.moreimportantthananythingelse8.Fromthetext,weknowtheword“generous”means________.A.友好的 B.善良的 C.大方的 D.善解人意的9.Whatdoestheword“them”referto（指代）inthethirdparagraph?A.yourideasandfeelings B.yourhobbiesandinterestsC.yourlunchmoneyandclothes D.yourclothesandenjoyments10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEinthetext?A.Friendsshouldalwaysspeakandacthonestly.B.Sharingyourideaswithyourfriendisveryimportant.C.Afriendwhogivesyouhislunchmoneyisatruefriend.D.Talkingaboutyourproblemswithyourfriendoftenhelpstosolvetheproblem.【答案】6.B7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】本文介紹了做一個(gè)好朋友所要學(xué)會(huì)的三個(gè)原則是誠(chéng)實(shí)、慷慨、理解。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Toomanypeoplewantotherstobetheirfriends,buttheydon’tgivefriendshipback.Thatiswhysomefriendshipsdon’tlast（持續(xù)）verylong.”（太多的人希望別人成為他們的朋友，他們不會(huì)回報(bào)友誼。這就是為什么有些友誼不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。）可知，有些友誼不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)橛行┤说玫接颜x，但不回報(bào)友誼。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Honestyhelpsstartagoodfriendship.”（誠(chéng)實(shí)有助于建立良好的友誼。）可知，誠(chéng)實(shí)是最重要的友誼的基礎(chǔ)。故選B。8.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Generositymeanssharingandsharingmakesafriendshipgrow.”可知，劃線單詞“generous”與分享有關(guān)，意思是“大方的、慷慨的”，故選C。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文“Naturallyyouwillwanttoshareyourideasandfeelings.”（你自然會(huì)想分享你的想法和感受。）可知，”them”這個(gè)詞指的是“你的想法和感受”，故選A。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youdon’thavetogiveyourlunchmoneyoryourclothes,orenjoyments,likeyourhobbiesandyourinterests.”可知，C選項(xiàng)“Afriendwhogivesyouhislunchmoneyisatruefriend.”（給你午餐錢的朋友才是真正的朋友。）描述與原文不符，故此處C選項(xiàng)是不正確的，故選C。Passage7（2023-24·天河中學(xué)期中）Goodstudyhabits(習(xí)慣)areimportantforallstudents.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,you’lllearnfaster.Doyouusuallystudyinthelivingroom?Thisisnotagoodplaceforstudybecauseitisusuallytoonoisy.Youneedtostudyinaquietplace,suchasyourbedroom.Aquietplacewillhelpyoulearnbetter.Beforeyoubegintostudy,donotforgettocleanyourdesk.Ithelpsyoustudywell,too.Lightisalsoimportant.You’llfeeltiredeasilyifthereisnotenoughlight.Ofallthegoodstudyhabitsyoucandevelop(養(yǎng)成),askingquestionsisthekey.Justask.Nooneknowseverything,butwecanalwayslearnfromeachotherbyaskingquestions.Oneeasybutimportanthabitistotellyourselfwhatyou’restudyingfor.Putyourtarget(目標(biāo))onthewallnexttoyourbedordeskThatmeansyou’llseeandthinkaboutiteveryday.Whendoyouworkbest?Areyouanearlybird,anightowl(貓頭鷹),orsomethinginbetween?Findyourmostproductiveworktime,andthenplantostudyatthattime.29.Whyisthelivingroomnotagoodplaceforstudy?A.Becauseitistooquiet. B.Becauseitistoosmall.C.Becauseitistoonoisy. D.Becauseitdoesn’thavethedeskforstudy.30.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldyoudobeforeyoustudy?A.Cleanthedesk. B.Putyourstorybooksaway.;C.Askquestions. D.Developstudyhabits.31.Whyshouldweputourtargetsonthewall?A.Tomakeushappy. B.Tomakeourparentshappy.C.Tomakethewallbeautiful. D.Totelluswhatwearestudyingfor.32.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“productive”meaninChinese?A.有效的 B.有趣的 C.精彩的 D.愉快的33.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.StudyintheBedroom B.GoodStudyHabitsAreImportantC.HowtoStudy D.LightIsImportant【答案】29.C30.A31.D32.A33.B【解析】本文主要講述了好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的重要性，詳細(xì)地介紹了如何更好的培養(yǎng)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Doyouusuallystudyinthelivingroom?Thisisnotagoodplaceforstudybecauseitisusuallytoonoisy.”可知，客廳不是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的好地方，因?yàn)樗ǔＬ沉?。故選C。30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Beforeyoubegintostudy,donotforgettocleanyourdesk.”可知，在你開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，不要忘記打掃你的桌子。故選A。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneeasybutimportanthabitistotellyourselfwhatyou’restudyingfor.Putyourtarget(目標(biāo))onthewallnexttoyourbedordeskThatmeansyou’llseeandthinkaboutiteveryday.”可知，把你的目標(biāo)貼在你床邊或書桌旁邊的墻上，這意味著你每天都會(huì)看到并思考它。所以是為了提醒自己是為什么而學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。32.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Findyourmostproductiveworktime,andthenplantostudyatthattime.”由計(jì)劃在這個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)，可猜測(cè)出前句應(yīng)是：找到你最有成效的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。故下劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)是“有成效的”，故選A。33.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)“Goodstudyhabits(習(xí)慣)areimportantforallstudents.Whenyouhavegoodstudyhabits,you’lllearnfaster.”可知，文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣”。故選B。Passage8（2023-24·海珠區(qū)）ThousandsofmilesfromtheEarth,inouterspace,isasmallplanet,farfromtheSun,behindamuchbiggerplanet.Littlegreenalienslivethere.Theyusetorchestosee.Oneday,ayoungalien,Neila,putthewrongbatteriesinhertorch.Suddenly,therewasbrightlight.Itwentupintothesky,aroundtheSunandreachedtheEarth.ThelighthitaboycalledBillyandhisdog.Neilaquicklyturnedthetorchoff,butthepairwerecaughtbythelight.TheyflewthroughspaceandlandednearNeila.“Hello,”saidBilly.Neilasmiled.“Wow!”saidBilly,“Everything’smadeoficecream!”“Theicecreamnevermelts(融化),andnobodyeatsit.It’stoocoldhere,”saidNeila.Neilalookedsad.“Canyouhelpus?”shesaid,“Weneedsunshinetomakethingsgrow.”“Noproblem,”saidBilly,“Canyougetushome?Ihaveanidea.”“Waitthere!”saidNeila.Shegothertorch,putthewrongbatteriesinagain—ZOOM!BillyandhisdogflewbacktotheEarth.BillypointedhisbedroommirrorbetweentheSunandFliptune.ThesunlightbouncedoffthemirrorandupontoNeila’splanet.ThankstoBilly,Fliptuneisnotcoldanymore.Billymovesthemirroreverydaytokeepthesunshiningthere.NowNeilaandherfriendssitinthesunandenjoyallthefreeicecream.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thepair”

refertoinparagraph4?A.Thebatteries. B.Billyandhisdog. C.BillyandNeila. D.Thetorchandthebatteries.27.HowdidNeilahelpBillyandhisdoggobacktotheEarth?A.Bymovingthemirror. B.Byturningoffthetorch.C.Bypointingthebedroommirror. D.Byputtingthewrongbatteriesinthetorch.28.Inwhatorderdidthefollowinghappeninthispassage?a.NeilaaskedBillyforhelp.b.BillyandhisdogflewtoFliptune.c.NeilahelpedBillyandhisdogbacktotheEarth.d.Billymovedthemirroreverydaytowarm