專升本英語考試輔導(dǎo)上課講義

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)Contents主要時(shí)態(tài)1主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)2真題精煉344）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如：AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

2一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：

Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI_______.

A)finishwhatIdid

B)finishedwhatIdid

C)wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

D)finishedwhatIwasdoing

句型：Itistimethatsb.didsth.“時(shí)間已遲了”

“早該……了”，例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.

would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示‘寧愿某人做某事’。例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.4）wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意：用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would。例如：

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?usedto/be/getusedto

usedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如：

Motherusednottobesoforgetfulbeusedto+doing：對……已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.3.一般將來時(shí)1)shall/willWhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。

a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。3）be+不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如：WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.注意：beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如：

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）4）beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.

以here,there等開始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來

下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如：

I'mleavingtomorrow.

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；have（has）+過去分詞。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了）GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.

A)aretochallenge

C)havebeenchallenged

B)maybechallenged

D)arechallenging

用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisis+形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.5.過去完成時(shí)Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.

A.hadwritten,left

B，werewriting,hasleft

C.hadwritten,hadleft

D.werewriting,hadleftUntilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.

A)didn‘thear

C)hasn’theard

B)hasn‘tbeenhearing

D)hadn'theard

6.將來完成時(shí)：willhavedone

a.狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如：Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.b.動(dòng)作完成：表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如：YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.Allthemachines______bytheendofthefollowingweek.a.wererepairedb.wouldberepairedc.willhavebeenrepairedd.werebeingrepairBythetimethecourseends,______alotaboutBritain.a.we’lllearntb.wearelearningc.wehavelearntd.we’llhavelearntItisreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactory______byabout10%.

A)willhaverisen

B)hasrisen

C)willberising

D)hasbeenrising

7.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)a.表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：

Wearewaitingforyou.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如：

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）c.表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：

Theleavesareturningred.葉子在變紅。

It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：

Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.

haslost,don‘tfind

B.ismissing,don’tfind

C.haslost,haven'tfound

D.ismissing,haven'tfound.

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

8.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.

Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.made

B.ismaking

C.wasmaking

D.makesAsshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read；wasfalling

B.wasreading；fell

C.wasreading；wasfalling

D.read；fell9.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，或按預(yù)測將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。例如：

She'llbecomingsoon.她會(huì)很快來的。

I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天此時(shí)，我正躺在海灘上呢。10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Shehasbeenwaitingfoealetteralltheafternoon.Howlonghasitbeenraning?11.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Theyhadbeenwaitingforthebusforanhourbeforethebuscame.Theoldmantolsmethathehadbeenlivinghereallhislife.12.過去將來時(shí)Thefatherwascertainthathissonwouldsucceed.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

be

+

過去分詞

A

building

was

damaged

by

the

storm.

暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。

Our

plate

was

made

in

China.

我們的盤子是中國生產(chǎn)的。

Everybodyneedstoloveandtobelovedinthisworld.

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的幾種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例說明：

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is/am/are+cleaned

一般過去時(shí)was/were+cleaned

一般將來時(shí)will/shallbecleaned

過去完成時(shí)had+been+cleaned

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havebeencleaned

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingcleaned

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/arebeingcleaned

歷年英語考試中出現(xiàn)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

英語考試中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要考查了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例1：Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.(CET-4,1997/6)

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.（CET-4，1996/1）

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

例3：GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.（CET-4，1997/1）

A)aretochallenge

B)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallenged

D)arechallenging

例4：Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink________.（CET-4，1997/6）

A)oughttobesaid

B)mustsay

C)havetobesaid

D)needtosay

Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken08年Thesmallvillageissaid_____inabattleduringWWII.A.tohavebeendestroyedB.tobedestroyedC.todestroyD.tohavedestroyedHe___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedWhenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.

A.lockedB.locks