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時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)Contents主要時(shí)態(tài)1主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)2真題精煉344)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如:AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

2一般過去時(shí)的用法1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時(shí)間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如:

Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了?2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如:WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI_______.

A)finishwhatIdid

B)finishedwhatIdid

C)wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

D)finishedwhatIwasdoing

句型:Itistimethatsb.didsth.“時(shí)間已遲了”

“早該……了”,例如Itistimeyouwenttobed.

would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示‘寧愿某人做某事’。例如:I'dratheryoucametomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過去時(shí),作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等,而一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)注意:用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。1)動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:Didyouwantanythingelse?

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,would。例如:

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?usedto/be/getusedto

usedto+do:"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如:

Motherusednottobesoforgetfulbeusedto+doing:對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.3.一般將來時(shí)1)shall/willWhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示將來。

a.主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。3)be+不定式表將來,按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.注意:beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。例如:

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)4)beaboutto+不定式,意為馬上做某事HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.

以here,there等開始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來

下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如:

I'mleavingtomorrow.

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);have(has)+過去分詞。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always等,皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了)GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.

A)aretochallenge

C)havebeenchallenged

B)maybechallenged

D)arechallenging

用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1)Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.注意:Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2)Thisis+形容詞最高級(jí)+that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.5.過去完成時(shí)Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.

A.hadwritten,left

B,werewriting,hasleft

C.hadwritten,hadleft

D.werewriting,hadleftUntilthen,hisfamily_________fromhimforsixmonths.

A)didn‘thear

C)hasn’theard

B)hasn‘tbeenhearing

D)hadn'theard

6.將來完成時(shí):willhavedone

a.狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如:Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.b.動(dòng)作完成:表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如:YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.Allthemachines______bytheendofthefollowingweek.a.wererepairedb.wouldberepairedc.willhavebeenrepairedd.werebeingrepairBythetimethecourseends,______alotaboutBritain.a.we’lllearntb.wearelearningc.wehavelearntd.we’llhavelearntItisreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactory______byabout10%.

A)willhaverisen

B)hasrisen

C)willberising

D)hasbeenrising

7.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如:

Wearewaitingforyou.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如:

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)c.表示漸變,這樣的動(dòng)詞有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如:

Theleavesareturningred.葉子在變紅。

It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:

Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。典型例題Mydictionary___,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill___it.

haslost,don‘tfind

B.ismissing,don’tfind

C.haslost,haven'tfound

D.ismissing,haven'tfound.

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

8.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.

Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.made

B.ismaking

C.wasmaking

D.makesAsshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfalling

B.wasreading;fell

C.wasreading;wasfalling

D.read;fell9.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)概念:表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作,或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。例如:

She'llbecomingsoon.她會(huì)很快來的。

I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天此時(shí),我正躺在海灘上呢。10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Shehasbeenwaitingfoealetteralltheafternoon.Howlonghasitbeenraning?11.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Theyhadbeenwaitingforthebusforanhourbeforethebuscame.Theoldmantolsmethathehadbeenlivinghereallhislife.12.過去將來時(shí)Thefatherwascertainthathissonwouldsucceed.被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:

be

+

過去分詞

A

building

was

damaged

by

the

storm.

暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。

Our

plate

was

made

in

China.

我們的盤子是中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。

Everybodyneedstoloveandtobelovedinthisworld.

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見的幾種,現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例說明:

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)is/am/are+cleaned

一般過去時(shí)was/were+cleaned

一般將來時(shí)will/shallbecleaned

過去完成時(shí)had+been+cleaned

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havebeencleaned

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingcleaned

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/arebeingcleaned

歷年英語考試中出現(xiàn)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

英語考試中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要考查了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例1:Onceenvironmentaldamage__________,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.(CET-4,1997/6)

A)hasdone

B)istodo

C)does

D)isdone

Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_______andperfectednow.(CET-4,1996/1)

A)developed

B)havedeveloped

C)arebeingdeveloped

D)willhavebeendeveloped

例3:GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas___________todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.(CET-4,1997/1)

A)aretochallenge

B)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallenged

D)arechallenging

例4:Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink________.(CET-4,1997/6)

A)oughttobesaid

B)mustsay

C)havetobesaid

D)needtosay

Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken08年Thesmallvillageissaid_____inabattleduringWWII.A.tohavebeendestroyedB.tobedestroyedC.todestroyD.tohavedestroyedHe___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedWhenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.

A.lockedB.locks

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