2021年高考英語考點總動員系列-專題11-語法填空(解析版)

【母題再現】題型介紹：語法填空題給出200字左右的一段短文或對話，段落中給出10個填空，其中4個（或更多）填空是給出一個單詞，填寫它的正確詞形，如形容詞的比較級等，其余6個填空是結合上下文直接填詞（不多于3個單詞）。這要求考生既要把握嫻熟的語法學問，還要有確定的語言閱讀力氣?？疾榭忌诙涛闹械恼Z法實際應用力氣。命題形式：本考點在高考中的命題形式主要有：1.短文填空；2.對話填空。高考選題：題型1：【2022·新課標全國卷Ⅰ】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).題型2：[2022·遼寧卷]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太極)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.解題技巧：解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個方面著手考慮：語篇語法填空解題技巧解語篇語法填空，要從“詞、句、篇”三個層面去思考。（1）詞匯層面方法1：做主語或賓語的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前無形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等限定詞時，依據上下文填冠詞?！纠?】Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto______smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.【例2】Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin______lastrow.【解析】the 特指最終一排，在序數詞/最高級前，用定冠詞。方法2：句子缺主語或賓語，空格后沒有提示詞，填詞多為代詞。【例1】Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.【解析】it作賓語從句主語，替代動詞不定式短語tochoose……。【例2】Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.【解析】himpleasehim(使他興奮)，填代詞；依據句意，此處指代herfather。方法3：空格前已有主語，括號內是動詞提示，空格需填謂語動詞?！纠?】He______(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.【解析】waspretending由“andgiving”可確定，用過去進行時，構成并列謂語?！纠?】Wheremencontrolthehousehold,lessmoney______(spend)onhealthcareandfood,whichresultsinpoorerhealthforchildren.【解析】isspentmoney與spend之間存在被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，從句時態(tài)提示應用一般現在時。方法4：句中已有謂語動詞且又無并列連詞與括號內提示的動詞并列，說明空格需填非謂語動詞形式。【例1】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen______(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandplanting.【解析】compared本句是whenitiscomparedto…的省略。compare與規(guī)律主語film是被動關系，故用過去分詞作狀語?！纠?】Buteveryoneaddedalittle,always______(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”【解析】thinking因everyone與think是主動關系，故用現在分詞短語作added的伴隨狀語。方法5：當括號內所提示的詞是形容詞或副詞且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，很可能填比較級和最高級?！纠?】Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe______(sweet).”【解析】sweeter句意是“什么也不會比這更甜”=這是世界上最甜的東西。【例2】IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment______(late)thatday.【解析】later指那天晚些時候。方法6：當“……（+限定詞）+名詞”或“……+代詞/doing/從句”在句中不做主語或賓語時，通常填介詞?！纠?】Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman______thetrouble.【解析】for rewardsb.forsth.表示“因……而答謝/報答某人”。【例2】Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired______doingthisforawholeday.【解析】after/fromA.用介詞after表示“在……之后”；B.betiredfromdoingsth.為“因做某事而累”。（2）句子層面方法1：連接兩個功能對等的單詞、短語或句子時，應填并列連詞and，or，but，while,when等?！纠?】Hewasverytiredfrom

doingthisforawholeday,______

hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”

higher.【解析】but句中veryhappy與verytired是轉折關系，兩句間是逗號且沒有連詞，故填連詞but?！纠?】SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch______toolittle.”【解析】nor并列連詞“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。方法2：若推斷連詞所引導的從句起名詞的作用（做主語/賓語/表語/同位語），則為名詞性從句，依據引導名詞性從句的連接詞在從句成分和意義確定連詞?！纠?】Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.【解析】who引導賓語從句且在從句中做主語，指人?！纠?】Oneday,hecameupwithanidea______

hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.【解析】that引導同位語從句，說明idea的具體內容，從句意義完整且不缺句子成分。方法3：若推斷連詞所引導的從句起形容詞的作用（做定語），則為定語從句，依據引導定語從句的先行詞和關系詞在從句中的成分確定關系代詞或者關系副詞。關系代詞在從句做主語和賓語，做狀語用關系副詞（可轉換為介詞+關系代詞）?！纠?】Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.【解析】where句子+句子，中間必填連接詞；后句修飾前句，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語?！纠?】Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.【解析】who/that代替anelder，引導定語從句并在從句中做主語。方法4：若推斷連詞所引導的從句起副詞的作用（做狀語），則為狀語從句，再依據兩句之間的意義和規(guī)律關系或者從屬連詞在從句中的作用和意義，來確定合適的連詞?！纠?】Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.【解析】when引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……時”?！纠?】Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme______thebusarrived.【解析】until/till表示“始終到……”?！纠?】…,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.______,hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellashistennisstuff,soI’msureitwasn’thim.（2022樣題）【解析】Anyway“不管怎么說”，考察對語境的把握，體會上下文講話人語氣?！纠?】--Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I______themintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmymind.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?（2022樣題）【解析】musthaveput考察對話上下文的理解和謂語的呼應，讀懂上文“…andleftthemonthetable”、“Butsomeonemusthavetakenthem”、“Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.”以及下文幾處情態(tài)動詞的表達得出答案?！究键c揭秘】高頻考點一：在語篇中考查詞匯【2022屆河北省唐山市一?！緾hristmasisnofunwhenyou'repoor．TwentyyearsagoIwasayoung,【小題1】（struggle）,substitute（替補）teacherwhosecallsintoworkhadbeenfew．Moneywastight,billsweredue【小題2】mywifeandIcouldn'tevenaffordtogetChristmasgiftsforeachother．TheonlygiftswecouldgetforourchildrenwereafewsofttoysthatIhadfound【小題3】（sell）athalfpriceinthesupermarket．IopenedthedoorandbroughtinthegiftsI【小題4】（hide）inouroldcar'strunk．ThenIhanded【小題5】tomysonanddaughter．Iwatchedwithasadsmileastheydidtheirbesttotearoffthewrapping(包裝）paper．Astheypulledouttheirtoys,though,Inoticedtheir【小題6】litupandtheyjumpedupanddown．Mydaughter【小題7】（happy）huggedhertoyandthenhuggedherMomandmeaswell．IlaughedasIwatchedmychildrenplaywiththeirtoys_【小題8】_hours,andThankedGodforthe．【小題9】_（great）bifilareverbeengiven．TilltodayIstilltreasure【小題10】giftofpurelovethatmysonanddaughtergavemethatday．點評：1，3，5，6，7，8，9，10考查詞匯的用法高頻考點二：考查句法學問及規(guī)律關系【2022屆河北省衡水中學下學期二調】Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely61culturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor62representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children63(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotect64againstevils（災禍）.People’s65(choose)ofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies’reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobe66mostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentally67physically.People68(work)ingreenenvironmenthavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson’sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople’sappetites（食欲）.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Andmanycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared“BuyNow”buttonbecauseredisacolorthat69(easy)catchesaperson’seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,blueisbelievedtocausepeopletoloseappetite.So70youwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.點評：2，7，10考查句法中的連詞及規(guī)律關系【直擊高考】[2022·新課標全國卷Ⅰ]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).[2022·新課標全國卷Ⅱ]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__61__(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__62__someofthemlookedveryanxiousand__63__(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext__66__thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike__65__(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused__66__(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept__67__(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，“__68__anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's__69__(I)．”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers__70__(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.[2022·遼寧卷]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太極)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.【課后反饋】夯實基礎：【2022屆河北省衡水中學下學期一調】閱讀下面短文，依據句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當的詞或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為61～70的相應位置上。ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’dailylife.___61_theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___62___(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__63___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___64__dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__65___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired__66__doingthisforawholeday,__67__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"__68__(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__69__(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__70__(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.力氣拓展：【2022屆河南開封市沖刺卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。M:I'msorelieved.Ijustfinishedthestorylwasworkingonforourcreativewritingcourse.W:Ihaven'tfinishedmine61.Ihadtrouble62(get)pastthebeginning.M:Howcome?W:Iwasreallyhappytobewritingadetectivestory.Butafterthefirstfewpages,Ijust63writeanymore.M:Thesamething64(happen)tome.YoucantalktoMrsWilsonaboutit.W:Actually,1wenttoaskformoretimetofinishthewriting.Butinsteadshegavemesomegoodadvice.