2022天津?qū)氎鎱^(qū)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀類和短文改錯(cuò)練習(xí)(3)及答案

閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatient—tospeedrecoveryortocoverthecomingofdeath？Inmedicineasinlaw，government，andotherlinesofwork，therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfed(變矮小)bygreaterneeds：theneedtoprotectformbrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy；toadvancethepublicinterest.Whatshoulddoctorssay，forexample，toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupjustbeforegoingonvacationwithhisfamilywho，thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth，isfoundtohaveaformofcancerthatwillcausehimtodiewithinsixmonths？Isitbesttotellhimthetruth？Ifheasks，shouldthedoctorsrejectthatheisill，orminimizethegravityoftheillness？Shouldtheyatleasthidethetruthuntilafterthefamilyvacation?Doctorsfacesuchchoicesoften.Attimes，theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient'sownsake；intheireyes，suchliessharplyformself-servingones.Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyillpatientsdonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition，andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope，sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly，ordeteriorate(惡化)faster，perhapsevencommitsuicide(自殺)．Butotherstudiesshowthat，contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians；agreatmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth，evenaboutseriousillness，andfeelcheatedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation，humanelyconveyed(傳達(dá))，helpspatientscopewithillness：helpthemtoleratepainbetter，needlessmedicine，andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.Thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.Notonlyinmedicine，butinotherprofessionaswell，practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequences(后果)seemavoidableonlythroughdeception(哄騙)．Yetthepublichaseveryreasontoknowprofessionaldeception，forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted，tospread，andtotrust.Neitherinmedicine，norinlaw，government，orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying，“Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou.”1．Accordingtotheauthor'sopinion，lies________.A．canbenefitthepatientsB．canhelpthepatientstorecoveryC．candonothingtothepatients'illnessD．cannotbenefitthepatients答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)其次段最終幾句可得知答案。2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．Mostofthedoctorsbelievethattheseriouslyillpatientsdonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition.B．Thetruthfulinformationhelpspatientstodealwiththeirillness.C．Thereisaneedtodiscusswhethertolietothepatients.D．Itistruethat“Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou.”答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最終，作者認(rèn)為“Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou.”這一說(shuō)法不對(duì)。3．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Thereisanurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.B．Neitherinmedicine，norinlaw，government，thesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying.“Whatyoudon'tknowcan'thurtyou.”C．Thepublichaseveryreasontobeawareofprofessionaldeception.D．Weneedtodiscussthisissueinmedicine，butnotinotherprofessions.答案：A主旨?xì)w納題。第一句就是本段的主題句。4．Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A．Deceptionisbeneficialtopatients.B．Whetherpatientsshouldbetoldthetruthoftheirillness.C．Whetherpatientsreallywanttoknowthetruthoftheirillness.D．Whobenefitsfromdeception.答案：B主旨?xì)w納題。通讀全文可知，作者針對(duì)醫(yī)生對(duì)病人隱瞞病情這一做法提出質(zhì)疑：病人應(yīng)不應(yīng)當(dāng)了解真相？了解真相對(duì)他們有沒(méi)有好處？閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Onceuponatime,onhiswaytotheHimalayas,wasasaint(圣徒).Hecameacrossashallowriverhehadtocross.Justwhenhewasabouttowethisfeet,hesawascorpion(蝎子)helplesslytryingtocomeoutoftheriver.Itwasalmosttouchingthebankbutnotenoughtogainholdoftheground.Thesaintsawscorpion’sstruggleanddecidedtosaveit.Hepickedupthescorpioninhisrighthandwiththeintentiontoplaceitonthedrysurface.Nosoonerdidhedothatthanthescorpionstungandrushedoffthehand,landinginthewateragain.Itstruggledtocomeoutofwateragain.Thesaint’sbodywasinpainbuthismind,calm.Seeingthatthescorpioncouldloseitslife,thesaintusedlefthandthistimetoliftthescorpionoutofwater.However,itpanickedandstungagain.Onceagain,itspedoffthehandandfellinwater.Hewasleftwithbothhandsfilledwithpain.Hewasnottheonetogiveupeither.Hetriedagain.Thistime,hecuppedhishandstogetherandliftedthescorpioninoneswiftmovement.Beforeitcouldreact,hesafelydroppeditontheland.Thescorpiondisappearedintothepebblesthatlaynearthebank.Hefelthappy,forhesucceededincarryingouthisrescue,forsavinganotherlife.Itwasworththepainhethought.Atadistance,aman,surprisedandshocked,hadwatchedthewholeprocess.Heapproachedthesaintandsaid,“CanIaskyouaquestionplease?”“Yes,youmay.”“Firstofall,therewasnoneedtosaveascorpion.Itdoesnogoodtoanybody.Secondly,ifyoumustsaveit,youcouldhavesimplytriedonce.I’msurprisedthatevenafteritstungyou,youstillwenton.Why?”“Oh!That’sprettysimple,”herepliedsoftlyrubbinghisstunghandsagainsteachother.“Thiswasascorpion,acreaturereallylowonthefoodchain,acreaturewhosenatureistosting(蜇),topanic,toharm.Itissupposedtobeweak.However,Iamsupposedtobeasaint,apersonwhosejobistoloveeverybody,toofferlove.Iamsupposedtobethestrongone,theonehigheruponthefoodchain.Withmyprinciples,myphilosophy(人生觀)andpractice,Iamsupposedtosaveothercreatures.Right?”Themannodded.【文章大意】一個(gè)圣徒從河里挽救一只蝎子時(shí),先后被蜇了兩次,但他照舊努力把它救了出來(lái)。這讓一位路人格外不理解。這位圣徒告知他:作為一個(gè)圣徒,我的職責(zé)是向全部的生命傳達(dá)愛(ài),挽救其他的生命是我最大的幸福。1.Whenasaintsawascorpionstrugglingtocomeoutoftheriver,he.A.wasintheshallowriverB.wasclimbingtheHimalayasC.wasontheriverbankD.hadjustcrossedtheriver【解析】選C。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段可知,從前,有一個(gè)圣徒,他徒步行走在前往喜馬拉雅山的路上。途經(jīng)一條小河,當(dāng)他剛要踏入小河時(shí),一只掙扎想逃離水面的蝎子映入眼簾。由此可推斷出答案為C。2.Whydidthescorpionstingandrushoffhisrighthand?A.Becauseitwasfullofpanicatthattime.B.Becauseitwantedtogettothebankitself.C.Becausethesaintharmeditbadly.D.Becausethesainttriedtokillit.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的However,itpanickedandstungagain.可知,當(dāng)時(shí)是由于慌張失措,蝎子才對(duì)他進(jìn)行攻擊。故答案為A。3.Howdidthemannearbyfeelatthesaint’sbehaviourofsavingthescorpion?A.Happy. B.Angry.C.Frightened. D.Puzzled.【解析】選D。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容:首先,挽救一只蝎子是沒(méi)有必要的,對(duì)誰(shuí)來(lái)說(shuō)這都是沒(méi)有好處的。其次,您救它一次就夠了。令人驚異的是,即便它蜇了您,您卻照舊努力去救它。這是為什么?由此可推斷出他對(duì)圣徒的行為感到迷惑不解。故答案為D。4.Fromthepassagewecaninfer.A.thesaintregrettedhavingsavedthescorpionlaterB.thescorpionstungthesaintthreetimesinallC.themanthoughtthesaintafoolandleftangrilyD.thesaintthoughtithisdutytosaveothercreatures【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容:作為一個(gè)圣徒,我的職責(zé)是向全部生命傳達(dá)愛(ài)。我的原則、人生觀和生活歷練告知我,我應(yīng)當(dāng)挽救其他的生命。由此可推斷出答案為D。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AttentionTimHortonsStainlessSteelTravelMugOwnersLidRecall----15ozStainlessSteelTravelMugAfaultatthecuphasbeenrecognized．Thefaultmayresultinsomelidsliftingslightlyfromthebodyofthemug，andcouldprobablycauseinjuryfromhotliquidleaking．Therefore，wehavegivenanimmediatelidrecallnotice．ThisrecallnoticeisrelatedonlytoTimHortons15ozstainlessSteelTravelMugssoldbetweenOctober2010andJanuary2011．Thebottomofthemugisstampedwithdistributor's（經(jīng)銷商）name，ThermoServ．Thereisnoprintingonthehandleofthemug．AtTimHortons，wevalueoutcustomers’safetyaboveanythingelse．So,whetheryourlidisleakingornot，intheinterestofyoursafety,wearerequestingthatyoubringyourmugtoyournearestTimHortons（excludingEssoTimHortons）,wheretheywillexchangethelidforanewlidthatfitssafely．ThenewlidswillbeavailableFebruaryl，2011.Pleasedonotuseyourmuguntilyouexchangethelid．Here’swhatyoudo：● Pleasedonotuseyourmuguntilyouhaveexchangedthelidforanewone．●NewlidswillbeavailableFebruary2,2011．●ReturnyourtravelmugtoaTimHortonsstore．●Yourlidwillbeexchangedforanewlid．Ifyouprefertoreturntheentiremug，bringitbackatanytimeforafullrepayment．Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardinghisrecall，pleasecontactusat：TollFreeNumber：l—888—508一77l78：30a．m．~5：00p．m．EasternStandardTime1．Thisadvertisementistryingto．A．introduceanewtypeofmugs B．persuadepeopletobuyanewsteelmuglidC．informpeopleofexchangingalidD．warnagainstthedangerofusingthefaultymug2．Theadvertisementismainlyaimedatthosewho．A．oftentravelaround B．have15ozStainlessmugsC．wanttobuy15ozStainlessmugs D．a(chǎn)resellingtheTimHortonsmugs3．Accordingtotheadvertisement,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．PeopleshouldstopusingtheTimHortons15ozstainlesssteeltravelmugimmediately．B．PeoplecanreturnthelidbetweenOctober2010andJanuary2011．C．Peoplecangetthemoneybackiftheyreturnthefaultymug．D．TimHortonsdoesitsdutytocareaboutthecustomers’safety．答案：1——3CBB閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WelcomeWelcometoWindsorCastle,theoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleintheworld.AudiotoursFreeaudiotoursareavailableonleavingtheAdmissionCentreatthestartofyourvisit.Thereisadescriptiveaudiotourforblindandpoor-sightedvisitors.GuidedtoursVisitorscanexplorethehistoryoftheCastlethroughatourofthePrecinctswithanexpertguide.ToursdepartatregularintervalsthroughoutthedayfromtheCourtyardandfinishattheentrancetotheStateApartments.VisitorswithchildrenForthosevisitingwithchildren,aspecialfamilytourandvariousactivitiesareofferedduringschoolholidaysandatweekends.Pleasenotethat,forsafelyreasons,pushchairsarenotpermittedintheStateApartments.However,babycarriersareavailabletoborrow.StGeorge’sChapelVisitorsarrivingattheCastleafter15:00fromMarchtoOctoberareadvisedtovisitStGeorge’sChapelfirstbeforeitcloses.ShoppingShopsofferawiderangeofsouvenirsdesignedfortheRoyalCollection,includingbooks,postcards,china,jewellery,andchildren’stoys.PleaseaskattheMiddleWardshopaboutourhomedeliveryservice.RefreshmentsBottledwatercanbepurchasedfromtheCourtyardandMiddleWardshops.FormApriltoSeptembericecreamisalsoavailable.VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshmentsinthetownmayobtainre-entrypermitsfromthecastleshops.EatinganddrinkingarenotpermittedintheStateApartmentsorStGeorge’sChapel.PhotographyandmobilephonesNon-commercialphotographyandfilmingarewelcomedintheCastle.Photography,videorecordingandfilmingarenotpermittedinsidetheStateApartmentsorStGeorge’sChapelinconsiderationofothervisitors.SecurityAsWindsorCastleisaworkingroyalpalace,visitorsandtheirbelongingsshouldgetthroughairport-stylesecuritychecks.Forsafetyandsecurityreasonsaone-waysystemoperatesalongthevisitorroute.1.Avisitorcanapplyforafreeaudiotour_________.A.intheCourtyard B.intheStateApartmentsC.attheAdmissionCenter D.atStGeorge’sChapel2.Whatisspeciallyofferedtovisitorswithkids?Asecurityguard.B.Apushchair.C.Afreetoy.D.Ababycarrier.3.Whocangetre-entrypermits?A.VisitorswishingtoeatoutsidetheCastle.B.Visitorsbuyinggiftsinthecastleshops.C.VisitorsbuyingwaterfromtheCourtyard.D.VisitorseatingoutsideStGeorge’sChapel.4.Whyarevisitorsrequiredtoturnofftheirmobilephones?A.Toensurethesafetyofothers.B.ToensurethesecurityoftheCastle.C.Topreventthemfromdisturbingothers.D.Topreventtheuseofthebuilt-incameras.5.Inthelastpart,a“workingroyalpalace”referstoone___.A.stillbeingconstructedB.stillusedbytheroyalfamilyC.wheretheQueenusuallyworksD.whereworksofartareonshow答案：1——5CDACB短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分)Isawanaccidenthappenedonmywaytohomethisafternoon.Agirlwascrossingthestreetonazebracrossingwhileayoungmandroveamotorbiketowardsher.Theyoungmansawthegirlbuttriedtostop,buthedrovetoofasttostop.Hehitthegirlandfelloffhermotorbike.Thegirlwasbadlyhurtandcouldn’tmove.Theyoungmandidn’tknowhowtodo.Irantoaphoneboxnearbyanddialed110.Soonthepolicereached.Theysendhertothenearesthospitalatonce.Oneofthepolicemantalkedtotheyoungmanandwrotesomethingdownwhilewastalking.Ithinkitisverydangeroustodriveveryfast.短文改錯(cuò)參考答案(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分)Isawanaccidenthappenedonmywaytohomethisafternoon.Agirlwascrossingthestreetonazebrahappen去掉tocrossingwhileayoungmandroveamotorbiketowardsher.Theyoungmansawthegirlbuttriedtostop,whenandbuthedrovetoofasttostop.Hehitthegirlandfelloffhermotorbike.Thegirlwasbadlyhurtandcouldn’thismove.Theyoungmandidn’tknowhowtodo.Irantoaphoneboxnearbyanddialed110.Soonthepolicewhatreached.Theysendhertothenearesthospitalatonce.Oneofthepolicemantalkedtotheyoungmanandarrivedsentpolicemenwrotesomethingdownwhilewastalking.Ithinkitisverydangeroustodriveveryfast.加he或去掉was短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（∧），并在此符號(hào)下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 留意： 1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。 IwenttotheSummerPalacelastweek．AtthegateIhappenedtomeetsomeAmericantourists．IgreetedtotheminEnglishandthenwebegantochat．IgotknowthattheywerecollegestudentstravelinginChina．MostofthemwerefondwithChinesemedicine．Theyarebusytakingpicturesandweremuchimpressedwiththechangesthathadbeentakenplaceinthepastfewyears．Afterthat,wewentboatingonalakeandhavingagoodtime．Weexchangedouremailaddresssothatwecouldwritetoeachotherinfuture．Theythankedusagainandagain．IwasverygladtohavechancetopracticingmyoralEnglish．【參考答案】45.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。留意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Threeyearsago,Ibecameastudentinanordinaryschool．DisappointingasIfeltattheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom,Ifindtheteacherspatientandconsiderate．However,Ienjoyedthefriendlyatmosphereinclass．Idecidedtomakethebestforit．Iworkedhardlyandgotalongwellwithteachersandclassmates．WheneverIhaddifficulties,theywerea