【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2021高考英語(江蘇專用)大二輪總復(fù)習(xí)定時(shí)訓(xùn)練3

定時(shí)訓(xùn)練(3)Ⅰ.專題特訓(xùn)(非謂語動(dòng)詞)1．(2022屆北京市第四十四中學(xué)高三第一學(xué)期期中測試)Inthereadingroom，wefoundher________atadesk，withherattention________onabook.A．sitting；fixingB．tosit；fixedC．seating；fixingD．seated；fixed解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：在閱覽室內(nèi)，我們發(fā)覺她坐在一張桌子旁，集中精力看一本書。beseated就坐＝sitting，fixone'sattentionon集中精力于。故選D項(xiàng)。答案D2．(2022屆湖南省澧縣一中益陽市一中桃源縣一中高三上學(xué)期三校聯(lián)考)________withtheincreasingunemployment，manypeoplewentonstrikeinmostoftheEuropeancountries.A．FacingB．BeingfacedC．FacedD．Havingfaced解析考查過去分詞做狀語。句意：面臨越來越嚴(yán)峻的失業(yè)問題，歐洲國家很多人去罷工。sbbefacedwithsth某人面臨……，這里可以用過去分詞做狀語，假如沒有橫線后的with，就可以用facing，選C項(xiàng)。答案C3．(2022屆黑龍江省大慶鐵人中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中)Hewonderedifhecouldslipoutofthelecturehallwithoutanyone________．A．noticingB．noticedC．tonoticeD．beingnoticed解析考查with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：with/without＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語；賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，或者過去分詞，也可以是不定式。對賓語的狀況進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。當(dāng)做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞與賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系的時(shí)候，使用過去分詞的形式；當(dāng)二者構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系的時(shí)候，使用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。要特殊要留意with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換使用。本題中anyone與notice構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞。故選A項(xiàng)。答案A4．(2022屆浙江省紹興市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中)Oppositetheoldtownisthe5，500metersYulongXueshanMountain，itspeak________withsnow.A．iscoveredB．coveredC．coveringD．covers解析考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：在古城的對面是海拔5500米高的御龍雪山，它的頂峰有雪掩蓋著。由于句中沒有連詞，所以推斷是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，排解A、D選項(xiàng)，peak和動(dòng)詞cover之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，故選B項(xiàng)。答案B5．(2022屆江蘇省無錫市第三高級中學(xué)高三期初質(zhì)量檢測)Misunderstandings________fromlackofsocialcommunication，unless________withproperly，mayleadtoseriousproblems.A．resulted；dealtB．resulting；dealtC．resulted；dealingD．resulting；dealing解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。misunderstandings和resultfrom是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于whichresultfrom...，排解A、C；unless后省略了misunderstandings，misunderstandings與dealwith是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于unlesstheyaredealtwith...，排解D。故選B項(xiàng)。答案B6．(2022屆云南省部分名校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Weallthinkthattheplanyoucomeupwith________theworkisverypractical.A．completingB．completed C．tocomplete D．complete解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們都認(rèn)為你為完成這個(gè)工作想到的方案格外有用。tocomplete表目的，修飾plan。youcomeupwith是定語從句，修飾先行詞plan。故選C項(xiàng)。答案C7．(2022屆河南省南陽市高三五校聯(lián)誼期中)________withsomeresearchmaterials，hedecidedonthreepossibleapproachesinhisexperiment.A．PreparingB．PreparedC．HavingpreparedD．Prepare解析考查過去分詞做狀語。句意：預(yù)備好了爭辯材料，他打算試驗(yàn)三個(gè)可能的方法。bepreparedwith預(yù)備好，所以這里用過去分詞做狀語，表示狀態(tài)，選B項(xiàng)。答案B8．(2022屆福建省廈門一中高三上學(xué)期期中)Thenewly－discoveredevidenceledtothecriminal________tofiveyearsinprison.A．tobesentenced B．beingsentenced C．sentenced D．besentenced解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：新發(fā)覺的證據(jù)使得罪犯被宣判坐5年的牢。leadto導(dǎo)致，to為介詞，故后面接v.－ing形式。故選B項(xiàng)。答案B9．(2022屆福建省廈門一中高三上學(xué)期期中)________todriveafterdrinking，somedriversarestilltryingtheirluck，whichisdangerous.A．NotremindedB．RemindednotC．NothavingbeenremindedD．Havingremindednot解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：被提示不要酒后駕駛，但一些司機(jī)仍舊碰運(yùn)氣，那是很危急的。題中的規(guī)律主語為somedrivers，與remind之間的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。remindsbtodo的否定形式為remindsbnottodo。故選B項(xiàng)。答案B10．(2022屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期中考試)Thepolicemankepthiseyes________onthescreenofthecomputertoidentifythecriminal'sfootprints.A．fixingB．fixedC．tofixD．beingfixed解析考查過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：警察始終凝視著電腦屏幕，來識別罪犯的腳印。這里用的是“keep＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，由于“凝視”是fixone'seyeson，所以eyes和fix是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，選B項(xiàng)。答案B11．Thelecture，________at7：00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A．startingB．beingstartedC．tostartD．tobestarted解析依據(jù)lastnight可知start已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故排解C、D(不定式常表將來)，B(beingdone)一般表進(jìn)行，也排解。非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。答案A12．We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________toachievethefinalsuccess.A．beingdoneB．doC．tobedoneD．todo解析由于work與do為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而need后表被動(dòng)用－ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故選C。謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語短語needtobedone。答案C13．Marklivesinabigpleasantroom________approximately5metersby6meters.A．measuresB．measuringC．tobemeasuredD．havingmeasured解析本句中的動(dòng)詞measure可以作為及物動(dòng)詞vt.測量；估量；也可以表示：距離(或長度、寬度、數(shù)量等)為……；本句中的measure表示的就是第2層含有距離(或長度、寬度、數(shù)量等)為……；動(dòng)詞measure與前面的名詞room構(gòu)成規(guī)律上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞measuringapproximately5metersby6meter來修飾前面的名詞room。句義：Mark生活在一個(gè)面積大約為5米乘6米的很大的舒適的房子里。故B正確。答案B14．“Youcan'tcatchme！”Janetshouted，________away.A．runB．runningC．torunD．ran解析分詞running與句中主語Janet為規(guī)律上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動(dòng)詞shout同時(shí)發(fā)生。本題大意，“你不能抓住我！”Janet喊著，逃跑了，故B正確。分詞作狀語的用法需要留意分詞的規(guī)律主語與句子的主語全都。答案B15．—WhatmadelittleTonysounhappyandcryinhisroom?—________togohikingwithhisbrother.A．HavingnotbeenallowedB．NothavingallowedC．HavingnotallowedD．Nothavingbeenallowed解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本題考查動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，依據(jù)句意可知是“沒有被允許”，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：——什么使得小托尼不快活，在房間里哭呢？——沒有允許和他哥哥一起去徒步旅行。故D正確。答案D16．________howtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heaskedtheteacherforhelp.A．NottoknowB．NotknowingC．KnowingnotD．Notknown解析句意：不知道怎么解決這個(gè)難的物理問題，他向老師求助。由于he和know是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，否定式是在現(xiàn)在分詞前面加not，選B。答案B17．WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.A．buyB．tobuyC．buyingD．tohavebought解析句意：父親節(jié)將要到來，為了給爸爸買禮物我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。題干中空格劃在名詞后，但是空格后的部分不是對bank解釋說明，而是說明取錢的目的，因此此題中非謂語動(dòng)詞做目的狀語，非謂語動(dòng)詞中不定式做狀語用來表示目的，因此選擇B。答案B18．Batsaresurprisinglylong－livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.A．havingB．hadC．haveD．tohave解析句意：令人驚異的是，蝙蝠是長壽的動(dòng)物，有些能活20年左右。had和have是謂語動(dòng)詞形式，題中沒有連詞，無法并存兩個(gè)句子。tohave表將來；having表伴隨，因此，選A。答案A19．________manytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.A．HavingbeentoldB．HavingtoldC．TellingD．Told解析句意：他雖然被告知過很多次但照舊犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。這里是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，havingdone在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生表示主動(dòng)。havingbeendone在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生表示被動(dòng)。選A。答案A20．Ashiploadedwithexpensivegoodswasreported________intotheseawithitsoil________．A．tosink；givenoutB．tohavesunk；runoutC．havingsunk；usedupD．tohavesunk；runoutof解析本題第一空是一個(gè)固定句式sthbereportedtohavedone據(jù)說做了某事；使用不定式的完成式表示已經(jīng)完成，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其次空是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞itsoil與動(dòng)詞短語runoutof構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用runoutof。Runout是沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道一艘裝滿昂貴貨物的船由于汽油用完而沉沒在大海里。故D正確。答案DⅡ.閱讀理解A體裁：記敘文話題：助人為樂時(shí)間：5分鐘OnthewayhomefromhisjobatabakeryinWainscott，NewYork，oneAugustevening，CraingSchum，33，stoppedhiscarattheEastHamptonAirport.Agroupwasprotestingagainstairplanenoise，andSchum，whohadkickedoffhisshoes，gotoutofthecar.Withinseconds，though，Schumsawsomethingastonishing.Asmallplanedivedandcrashedintothewoodsabout100yardsfromtherunway.“Idon'tremembermakingthedecisionthatIshouldgotohelpout，”herecalls.“Ijuststartedrunning.”Schumranacrossthestreetbarefoot，climbedoverasix－foot－h(huán)ighchain－linkfence，anddashedabout100yardstowardthewoods.Whenhegotthere，hediscovered51－year－oldpilotStephenBochter，hisheadbleeding，besidetheburningplane.Bochter'spassenger，hiswife，KimBrillo，wasontheground，unconscious.“Shehadbloodalloverher，”saysSchum.“Ithoughtshewasdead.”JackGleeson，17，ahighschoolstudentworkingasummerjobattheairport，caughtupwithSchumand，withBochter'shelp，liftedthechain－linkfenceandbroughtBrillounderneathitout.Momentslater，theentireplaneexploded.Aftertherescueteamarrived，BochterandBrillowereairliftedtonearbyhospitalandtreatedforcuts，injuriesandBrillo'sbrokenarm.Bochter，anexperiencedpilot，latersaidthattheplane'selectricalsystemhadfailedshortlyaftertake－off.HehadbeenattemptingtolandattheEastHamptonAirportwhentheplanebegantonosedive．Hemanagedtolevelthewingsbeforecrashingintothewoods.“Everythingwasonfire，andSchumcameoutofnowheretosaveus，”saysBochter.“We'reblessedtohavelivedthroughit.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文敘述了CraigSchum在下班回家途中英勇地從失事飛機(jī)上救人的事跡。1．WhydidCraigSchumstophiscarattheEastHamptonAirport?A．Hewantedtohavearest.B．Hesawaprotestinggroup.C．Henoticedaplanecrash.D．Heneededtokickoffhisshoes.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的其次句“Agroupwasprotestingagainstairplanenoise，andSchum，whohadkickedoffhisshoes，gotoutofthecar.”可知答案為B。答案B2．Whenhesawtheplanecrashintothewoods，Schum________．A．wasfrightenedtodeathB．rushedawayfromthespotC．cametorescueimmediatelyD．a(chǎn)skedforhelpwithoutdelay解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的最終兩句“‘Idon'tremembermakingthedecisionthatIshouldgotohelpout，’herecalls,‘Ijuststartedrunning.’”可知C項(xiàng)正確。答案C3．Theunderlinedword“nosedive”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“______”．A．drivesmoothlyB．shakeviolentlyC．flyslowlyD．dropsuddenly解析詞義猜想題。由第五段的最終一句“他在飛機(jī)墜入樹林之前成功地平衡了機(jī)翼”可知，nosedive與“dropsuddenly”的意思最接近。答案D4．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．ALuckyEscapeB．ACuriousBakerC．ARewardforKindnessD．ABadLandingafterTake－off解析主旨大意題。從飛機(jī)消滅故障并墜落到Schum掛念飛行員和他的妻子脫險(xiǎn)可以看出，A項(xiàng)“一次幸運(yùn)的逃離”為最佳標(biāo)題。答案ABChoosingtheRightResolution(打算)MillionsofAmericansbegan2022withthesameresolutiontheystarted2021with，agoaloflosingweight.However，settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入)．Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight，tryanactionableresolution：“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch，”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell－specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激勵(lì))，includingineducation，hasbeendiscussed.Forexample，researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases，hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput，likereadingcertainbooks，whileinothers，theincentiveswerebasedonoutput，likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam，asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks，ontheotherhand，isawell－settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal，youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail，becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending，agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé，forexample.Thisisawell－specifiedaction－basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly，ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily，don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto，likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun，thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要向大家說明在選擇做出正確打算的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注的是問題的產(chǎn)生以及大事的過程，而不是結(jié)果。比如在減肥中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)，在訓(xùn)練過程中，應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓舞孩子多讀書，關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)過程，而不是考試結(jié)果。通過這兩個(gè)例子來論證了做出正確打算的重要性，也就是說，要達(dá)到一個(gè)目標(biāo)，必需使你的目標(biāo)具體，具有可操控性。5．Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause________．A．itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB．itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC．itisdependentontoomanythingsD．itisbasedonactionabledecisions解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段Settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.和其次段的Toreachourgoaloflosingweight－theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat－theinput(輸入)．Thatis，wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.這句即可找出答案。整篇文章都在闡述我