上海市各區(qū)2021屆高三英語一模試卷分類匯編：回答問題專題

上海市各區(qū)2021屆高三英語一模試卷分類匯編：回答問題專題One【虹口區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassageandthenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Allofusrelyonwhatwesee.Wesaytoourselves,"IknowIwasthere;Isawithappen"andthatseemstosettlethematter.Ordoesit?Canwereallytrusttheevidenceofoureyes?Takecompetitivesportsforexample.Mostfansatsportseventsarealwayscontrolledbyemotion,whichleadstothefactthattheywillnotagreewitheachotherandevendisagreewiththerefereealthoughtheywatchthesamegame."Hewasoutofboundswhenhecaughtthepass,"saysonefan.Anothersays,"You'recrazy.Isawitwithmyowneyes.Hewasfivefeetinbounds.Youmustbeblind."Therefereerulesthatthereceiverdidstepoutofbounds.Butthousandsoffansarestillnotconvinced—becausetheywerethere!It'sthesamestoryinthecourtroom.Trial(審判)proceduredependsonwitnessesgivingsworntestimony（證詞）.Butjusthowreliableisthetestimonyofapersonwhoreportswhathehasseen?Inarecentstudy,tenthousandwitnesseswereaskedtodescribethemantheysawcommitacrime.Thestudyrevealsthat,ontheaverage,thewitnessesoverestimatedtheman'sheightbyfiveinches,hisagebyeightyears,andgavethewronghaircolourin83percentofthecases.Thesewitnessesdidn'tplaytricksonthem!Whatcanwedotokeeperrortominimum?Aboveall,don'tletyouremotionsinterferewithyourvision.Don'tseesomethingbecauseyouwanttoseeit.Anothersolutiontotheproblemwould,ofcourse,betonotedownwhatyousee.Don'trelyonyourmemoryalone.Takepictures,makerecordings,anduseanyotheraid,whichwillhelpalottoreducedistortion.Onemoresolutionisalsoneeded:Theerrorisnotlikelytobeminimizeduntilthepeopleinvolvedstayrelaxed.Ifyouaretense,youareverylikelytoseeredwhenthecolourisblue.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)78.Thereasonwhyfansdisagreewitheachotheratsportseventsisthatfewofthem_____.79.Theword"them"inPara.3refersto________.80.Whataretheothertwosolutionstokeepingvisualerrortominimumbesidesnotlettingyouremotionsinterferewithyourvision?81.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthortakessportseventsandcourtroomasexamplesinordertoillustrate______.78.arenotcontrolledbyemotion79.theman'sheight,ageandhaircolour80.Nothingdownwhatyouseeandstayingrelaxed.81.Wecan'tcompletelytrusttheevidenceofeyesTwo【黃浦區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.OnOctober29,1929,theUnitedStatesstockmarketcrashed.Inthedaysthatfollowed,banksandbusinessesclosed,thenumberoftheunemployedworkersroseto15million,andmanypeoplelosttheirsavings.Astheeconomiccrisisworeon,itbecameknownastheGreatDepression.Itleftmanypeoplefeelinganxiousanduncertainaboutthefuture.Withindaysofhisinauguration(就職典禮)in1933,PresidentFranklinDelanoRoosevelt(FDR)begantakingstepstostabilizethebankingsystem,supporttheeconomy,andprovidejobsforunemployedworkers.TokeeptheAmericanpublicinformedaboutthechangesthatwereunderway,hegaveaseriesofradioaddressescalledfiresidechats.FDRusedthesebroadcaststospeakaboutanumberofissues.ThefirstofRoosevelt’sfiresidechatswasdeliveredonSunday,March12,1933.HisgoalinthismessagewastoexplainthebankcrisisintheUnitedStates.HeexplainedtoAmericanwhybankshadrunoutofmoney.Rooseveltassuredpeoplethattheirmoneywassafeandthattheycouldgettheirmoneywhentheyreallyneededit.Hesaidthatmostofthebankswouldbeopenthenextdayandthatotherswouldbeopenagainverysoon.Hismessage’spurposewastorestoreAmerican’sconfidenceintheirbankingsystem.Roosevelt’schatstoAmericawerepopularwiththepeople.ManylookedforwardtohearingwhatFDRhadtosay.TheWhiteHousedidnotalwaystellthepublicwhetheraparticularradioaddresswastoberegardedasafiresidechat.Asaresult,thereissomequestionabouttheexactnumberofthesespeeches.Twenty-eightsuchaddressesweredefinitelyidentified,andtwootherradioaddressescouldhavealsobeenchats.RooseveltdeliveredhisfinalfiresidechatonJune12,1944.Thefocuswasopeningafifthwar-loandrive.HecomplimentedtheAmericanpeopleforsupportingthewareffortwiththepurchaseofmorethan$32billionofwarbonds.Heencouragedthemtobuymoreasthewareffortcontinuedtocostmoneyeveryday,moneythatheconfidentlypredictedwouldleadtofinalvictory.(Notes:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)78.______________ledtotheGreatDepressionaccordingtothepassage.79.What’sthepurposeofRoosevelt’sfiresidechats?80.Rooseveltdeliveredhisfirstfiresidechattoassurepeopleof_____________________.81.WhydidRooseveltpraisetheAmericanpeopleinhisfinalfiresidechat?Keys:78.ThecrashoftheUnitedStatesstockmarket79.TokeeptheAmericanpublicinformedaboutimportanceissues/messages/thechanges80.Thesafetyoftheirmoney81.BecausetheysupportedthewareffortbybuyingwarbondsThree【浦東新區(qū)】Sunshinemightbehealthierthanmostpeoplethink,outweighingtheriskofskincancer.Britishdoctorssuggestedlastweekandranstraightintoastorm.ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversityinwesternEnglandwereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.Expertsagreeexposuretothesun’sultravioletrays(紫外線)increasestheriskofskincancerandacceleratesthesignsofaging.ButintheBritishMedicalJournal,theBristolteamledbyAndrewNesswrote,“Thereisevidencethatthepotentialbenefitsofexposuretosunlightmayoutweighthewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”VitaminD,madeinthebodyinreactiontosunlight,preventedrickets(軟骨病)inchildrenandwasassociatedwithaprotectiveeffectagainstheartdisease.Sunshinewasalsousefulfortreatingcertainskinconditionsandtherewasevidencethatitreducedtheincidenceofmultiplesclerosis(硬化癥).Therewasalsothe“feelgoodeffectoflyingorsittinginthesun.”Theresearcherssaiditwastooearlytoadvisepeopletospendmoretimeinthesun,butsuggestedthebasisofthecurrentadvicetocoverupshouldbereviewed.“Perhaps,whileweawaittheconclusionsofsuchformalanalyses,thoseofuswhoenjoyspendingtimeinthesuncanrestassuredthatthechancethatwewillbeoneofthepeopledyingfromthesunissmall.”theyadded.Theirarticlewasstronglycriticizedbyhealthcampaignerswhoclaimeditwasunbalancedandnotbackedbyscientificevidence.Britain’sHealthEducationAuthoritysaidskincancerwasthemostcommonformofcancerinthecountry,withmorethan50,000newcasesdiagnosedeachyearandmorethan2,000peopledyingfromthedisease.Itsaidtreatmentalmostalwaysrequiredsurgeryandalmost50percentofcaseswerefatal.Theauthority’sskincancercampaignmanagerChristopherNewsaid,“Weareverydisappointedwiththiscontroversialarticle.Itdoesn’thaveenoughsupportingevidenceandrunstheriskofundoingmanyyearsofgoodhealtheducation.”(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)78.AccordingtothefourresearchersatBristol79.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“theBritishdoctorsranstraightintoastorm”?80.The“goodhealtheducation”remindspeople______________________________.81.Peoplehavenotyetbeenabletoreachanagreementon______________________________.Keys:78.exposureinsunshine.79.theirarticlearousedaheateddebate.80.thatsunshinemaycauseskincancer.81.whethersunshineisgoodforpeopleornot.Four【長寧區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Thepaperiswritteninanattempttodiscusswhatthecreativeprocessis.Thoughmuchtheoryhasaccumulated,littleisreallyknownaboutthepowerthatliesatthebottomofpoeticcreation.Itistruethatgreatpoetsandartistsproducebeautybyemployingallthepowersofpersonalityandbycombingemotions,reason,andintuitions(直覺).Butwhatisthemagicalsynthesis(合成)thatjoinsandarrangesthesecomplexpartsintopoeticunity?JohnL.Lowes,inhisjustlyfamous”TheRoadtoXanadu,”developedoneoftheearliestandstillgenerallyacceptableanswerstothisinterestingquestion.Imaginativecreation.Heconcludes,isacomplexprocessinwhichtheconsciousandunconsciousmindsjointlyoperate.“thereis….thedeepwellwithitschaos(雜亂)ofaccidentlymixingimages,butthereislikewisethevisionwhichseesshininginandthroughthechaosofthepotentiallinesofform,andwiththevision,thecontrollingwill,whichgivestothatpotentialbeautyactuality.”Thedeepwellistheunconsciousmindthatispeopledwiththefacts,ideas,feelingsoftheconsciousactivity.Theimaginativevision,anunconsciousactivity,shinesthroughthelandofchaos,oflightsandshadows,silentlyseekingpatternandform.Finally,theconsciousmindagain,throughwill,capturesandembodiestheideainthefinalworkofart.Inthiswayisunitybornoutofchaos.Thoughtherecanbenoabsolutecertainty,thereisgeneralagreementthattheperiodsinthedevelopmentofacreativeworkparallel(與….相像)，tosomeextent,Lowes’stheoryofwell,vision,formandwill.Thereareatleastthreestagesinthecreativeprocess:preparation,inspiration,work.Inasense,theperiodofpreparationisallofthewriter’slife.Itisthedeepwell.Itisespeciallyaperiodofconcentrationwhichgivestheunconsciousmindanopportunitytocommunicatewiththeconsciousmind.Whenremembranceofthingspastreachestheconsciouslevelofthewriter’smind,heisreadytogoonwiththeprocess.Partofthispreparationinvolveslearningamedium---learningalanguage,learninghowtowrite,learningliteraryforms.Itisimportanttonoteherethatformcannotbeimposedupontheidea.Evidence,thoughnotenough,showsthattheideagivesbirthtotheformthatcanbestconveyit.Itisthevision,accordingtoLowes,thatseesshininginandthroughthechaosofthepotentiallinesofform.(AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinnomorethanTENwords)78.JohnL.Loweshasprovidedanacceptableanswertothequestionof______________________.79._________________________arethefourelementsofJohnL.Lowes’theory.80.Howdoesthepreparationstagecontributetothedevelopmentofacreativework?81.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweentheideaandform.Keys:78.whatthecreativeprocessis.79.Well,vision,formandwill.80.Bygivingtheunconsciousmindanopportunitytocommunicatewiththeconsciousmind.81.formcannotbeimposedupontheideabuttheideagivesbirthtotheformthatcanbestconveyit.Five【徐匯區(qū)】SectionCDirection：Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternal(外在的)resultoraproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsarise,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,andtheforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts．Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sinceitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheymeetwithnewexperiencesandunexpecteddifficulties.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept．Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,tofacetheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialforourabilitytogrow．Doweseeourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,wetendtotakemorechangesandbemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoffearcancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkweareslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtodealwithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotfaceorovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubt,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenwestopgrowing.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking．Basedonthetwobasicwaystoviewgrowthmentionedinthepassage,“Janewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetition.”canberegardedas______________________________.Theprocessofgrowthrefersto___________________________________,whenpeoplecomeacrossnewexperiencesandobstacles.Ifsomeoneiskeenonlearninganythingnew,heislikelyto____________________________.________________________________________ortoomuchself-protectionmaypreventusgrowing.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNoMoreThanTenWords.)Six【閔行區(qū)】Seven【奉賢區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournal

PsychologicalScience

thatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy’sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you’rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofThepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsof

psychotherapy

(心理治療)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.

Meditation

(靜思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.(Note:AnswerthequestionorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHAN12WORDS)Theself-helpindustryisbasedon_________________________________________.ThefindingoftheCanadianresearchersisthat______________________________.FromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic,weknowthat__________________.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___________________mayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.Keys:78.theideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtsintopositiveones.79.Thinkingmorepositivelyhaveaoppositeeffect.80.overlypositivethinkingdoesn’tmakepeoplefeelbetter.81.MeditationtechniquesEight【靜安區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.FromboytomanGROWINGupon-screenforadecadeasHarryPotter,22-year-oldDanielRadcliffehashadtodealwithtypecasting(同類角色出演)hiswholecareer.However,inanewreleasecalledTheWomaninBlack,thesuccessfulchildactorfinallyescapesJ.K.Rowling’sherobytakingontheleadroleinaclassicghoststory.Themovie,whichhitChinesecinemasonSept20,2022,tellsthetaleofawidowed(喪妻的)lawyernamedArthurKipps(Radcliffe)whoissenttoaremotevillageinthenorthofEnglandforalateclient’saffairs.There,hediscoversthetown’stragicpast—childrendieaftertheyseeamysteriouswomandressedinblack.Toclearthingsup,hedecidedtostayaloneinanoldhouse,whichiscompletelycutofffromthemainlandathightide.Hisfearsgrowwhenheseesawomaninblacklookingathimfromthewindowandhearsthesoundofaponyandtrapindifficulty,followedbythescreamsofayoungchild.Kippsdecideshemustfindawaytobreakthecycleofhorrorafterhissonisthreatenedbythemysteriouswoman.Thestorypullsouteveryold,darkhousecliché(老套路)going:demonic(惡魔的)dolls,rockingchairs,andtheghostlyblack-cloaked(穿黑披風的)womanherself.However,ithasbecomeoneofthatyear’sbiggestboxofficewinnersintheUKwhenitwasreleasedthere.BritishmoviecriticJamieRussellthinkswhatmakesitsodifferentishowcharacter-drivenitisandhowRadcliffemakesitcount.“TheWomaninBlackworksbecauseofRadcliffe,notinspiteofhim,”hesaid.“Radcliffe’sfaceconvincesyouthatKippsknowswhatitistohavelovedandlostforever.”Thereisnotmuchconversation.DirectorJamesWatkins’sgambledonRadcliffe’sacting.Hewasnotdisappointed.“It’sanabsolutejoydoingtheslowpushinonDan,readinghisthoughtsandlettingthecameradriftcloserandcloserintohiseyes,”hetoldBritishmagazineTotalFilm.FortheformerPotterstarwhohaslongedforacareerawayfromHogwarts,thisghostmovieisastepintherightdirection.“It’smainlyaboutworkinghardandprovingtopeopleyou’reseriousaboutit,andstretching(傾注全力)yourselfandlearning.”RadcliffetoldBritishonlinenewspaperTheHuffingtonPost.Andheunderstandsfameisfleeting.“Thelinethathasmadethemostlastingimpressiononmewasby[USwriter]WilliamGoldman.Hesaidsomethinglike,'Starscomeandgo,onlyactorslast’.”hetoldthenewswebsite.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)78.ThemovieThewomaninBlackisabout____________.79.WhydoesKippshavetofindawaytobreakthecycleofhorror?80.HowThewomaninBlackissuccessfulisthatithasbeen____________________.81.WhatdoesThewomaninBlackmeanforRadcliffe,theformerHarryPotterstar?Keys:78.howArthurKippsdealswithamysteriouswomaninblack79.Becausehissonisthreatenedbythewomaninblack.80.oneofthisyear’sbiggestboxofficewinnerinBritain.81.Itisasteponhiswaytomakeabreakthrough.Nine【崇明縣】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.DefendersoftheFrenchlanguageareangeredbyplanstointroducecoursestaughtinEnglishatpublicuniversities,arguingthatFrancemustprotectitselfagainsttheriskoflosingitsculturalidentity.TheFrenchParliamentrecentlystartedtodebatetheissueaspartofabillonabroaderreformofhighereducation,butallattentionhasfocusedonanarticlethatwouldlifta19-yearbanonEnglishasateachinglanguageatpublicuniversities.TheFrenchgovernmentbacksthechange,whichitsayswouldhelptoattractforeignstudentsandhelpFrenchgraduatescompeteinaglobaleconomyasthecountrystrugglestoregaincompetitiveness.MoreFrenchstudentsfearingpoorjobprospectsathome,whereyouthunemploymentisnearly25percent,arestudyingandworkingabroad.OneoftheirdestinationsisLondon,whichnowhasbecomethesixthlargestFrenchpopulationintheworld.However,opponentsofthelaw,includingprofessors,lawmakersandtheFrenchlanguagesupervisionbodyAcademicFrance,saythecommunityofotherFrench-speakingpeoplesmustbedefendedandthatthechangewouldbeabetrayalofotherFrench-speakingnations."IfFrancegivesotherFrench-speakingcountriesthewrongsignalbyleadinganassaultagainstthelanguage,thatwouldbeavery,veryregrettablethingindeed,"saidClaudeHagege,alanguagescientist.Francehaslongdefendeditscultureathomeandabroad.In1994,theso-called"ToubonLaw"madetheuseofFrenchmandatoryinallTVbroadcasts,meaningallforeign-languageprogramsaredubbed,whileradiostationsmustplayatleast40percentofFrenchmusicformostoftheday.BusinessleaderscriticizeFrance'slowrankingforEnglishproficiency(嫻熟度）-itplaced23rdina2022globalrankingpublishedbyeducationcompanyEducationFirst-eventhoughtheuseofEnglishhasgrown,notablyinacademiccircles.HigherEducationMinisterGenevieveFiorasosaidofferingEnglishwouldincreasetheappealofFrenchuniversitiesatatimewhentheyarefallingfurtherbehindininternationalrankings.Ina2011-2022surveybyBritain'sTimesnewspaper,thehighest-rankedFrenchuniversityisin59thposition.PrivatebusinessschoolswhereEnglishistaughtrankhigher.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)78.Whatdoes“thechange”inParagraph3referto?79.Somepeopleareagainstthechangebecausetheythinkitwould_____________________.80.Accordingto“ToubonLaw”,whatisamustforTVstationsinFrance?81.GenevieveFiorasothinksthereleaseofthebillmayhelpFrenchuniversities__________.Keys:78.AllowingusingEnglishasateachinglanguageatpublicuniversities.79.beabetrayalofotherFrench-speakingnations/makeFranceloseitsculturalidentity80.UsingFrenchinallTVbroadcasts/TheuseofFrenchinallTVbroadcasts.81.attractmorestudents/bemoreappealing/rankhigherininternationalrankingsTen【普陀區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Differentpeoplemayfindthatdifferentlearningmethodsworkbestforthem.Whilesomewouldturntotutoringinordertogetbettergrades,otherschoosetojoinstudygroups.Infact,manyuniversitiesencouragetheirstudentstoformstudygroupsandmakegooduseofthem.“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”That’sthesimpleideabehindstudygroups.Byparticipatinginastudygroup,studentscanbenefitfromsomeoftheirbestacademicresources:otherstudents.Theygettopickeachother’sbrainsandimprovetheirownunderstandingofdifferentproblems.Moreover,studygroupscancreatetheslightlytenseatmosphereinwhichit’sgoodtostudy.Forexample,somestudentstendtoprocrastinate(拖延)whentheyarestudyingbythemselves;however,byjoiningastudygroup,theygettoobservetheirpeerswhoareworkingdiligentlyandarelikelytothushavemotivationforworkingharder.Studygroupsworkbestwhentheyaresmall,butnottoosmall-fourtofiveparticipantsisaboutright.Andit’snecessarytomakesureeveryonehasthesamegoal,toprepareforaparticulartest,todiscussclassreadingsortoreviewtheweek’slecturenotes.Besides,socializinginthegroupwouldmakestudyingmorefunaslongasittookuponlyasmallportionofgroupstudytime.Inaddition,tomaximizetheefficiency,somestudygroupsliketoassignmemberscertainroles,andthusefficiencywillbepromoted.Besidesanorganizer,whogetsgroupmemberstoagreetoacommonpurposeandaconvenienttimeandplace,thereoftenisagroupmemberplayingtheroleofasource-seeker,whosedutyistoremindgroupmemberstoidentifytheirsources.Forinstance,whenagroupmembersays“Ireadsomewherethat...”,thesource-seekersshouldaskforspecifics.Thispersonremindsthegroupthatit’simportanttoknowwhosaidwhatandwhereitwassaid.Andagatekeeper,whotriestomakesurethatallgroupmembersareparticipating,mayaskadirectquestiontohelpashypersonparticipate,orfindawaytogetadominatingmembertolisten.(Note:AnswerthequestionorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)Manyuniversitiesencouragestudentstotakeadvantageof_________forbettergradesratherthanlearningalone.Peersarenotonlythebestacademicresourcesbutalsomotivateeachotherto__________whenlearningingroups.Accordingtoparagraph3,besidesthesmallsize,whataretheothertwofactorsthatcouldhelpastudygroupworkbest?Allthemembersinthestudygroupwillbeassigneddifferentrolesbecausepeoplebelievethatitwillresultin________.Keys:studygroupsworkharderThesamegoalandspecializinginthegroupmaximizingtheefficiencyEleven【閘北區(qū)】SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.TheherdsofbullsandhorsesdepictedrunningalongthewallsoftheLascauxcavesinFranceareamongthemostmagnificentexamplesofprehistoricarteverdiscovered.Butratherthandisplayinghuntingscenes,newevidencesuggeststhattheimagesactuallyrepresentthefrighteningsoundswhichcamefromthemouthsofthecaves.USresearcherStevenWallerbelievesthattheechoes(回聲)ofclappingoutsidethecavewouldhavesoundedlikehundredsofanimalfeetdrummingontheground.Heproposesthatthecaveswerepreservedfortheirsoundproperties,whichprehistoricpeoplesmistookforsupernaturalnoises.Ancientstoriesexplainedechoesfromthemouthsofcertaingiantcavesasrepliesfromspirits,soourancestorschosetodecoratethesecaveswithpaintingsbelievingthattheywereinhabitedbyspiritsandgods.Besideanimalsounds,manyancientculturesattributedthunderintheskyto‘thundergods,’soitmakessensethatsomelastingechoeswithinthecaveswereinterpretedasthunderandinspiredpaintingsofthosethundergodsoncavewalls.Theideaisalsosupportedbyaudiotheory,whichshowsstatisticallysignificantsimilaritiesbetweentherockaresitesandmodernsoundreflectionequipment.AsforthepresenceofthefamousStonehenge(巨石陣)inBritain,Mr.Walkeralsosuggestsitmayhavebeenthesoundoftheprehistoricmonument,ratherthanthesight,thatinspireditscreation.Heclaimsthatitsarchitectsmayhavebeentryingtorecreateasound-effectsimilartotheritualsoundmadeduringreligiousdancing.Peopletakingpartinareligiousdancearoundapairofpipeswou