Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 重點(diǎn)速記+語法精講+寫作指導(dǎo)+閱讀提升-2023-2024學(xué)年英語八年級上冊（人教版）

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪里度假了?單元能力提升重點(diǎn)速記詞匯梳理1diary(n.日記;記事簿)-(復(fù)數(shù))diaries2bored(adj.厭倦的,煩悶的)-boring(adj.沒趣的,令人厭倦的)3enjoy(v.享受······的樂趣;喜愛)-enjoyable(adj.有樂趣的;令人愉快的)-enjoyment(n.樂趣;樂事)4activity(n.活動)-(復(fù)數(shù))activities5decide(v.決定;選定)-decision(n.決定;抉擇)6build(v.建筑;建造)-building(n.建筑物;房子)-builder(n.建筑者)7trade(n.貿(mào)易v.做買賣;從事貿(mào)易)-trader(n.商人)8wonder(v.想知道;琢磨n.驚嘆;驚奇)-wonderful(adj.精彩的;絕妙的)-wonderfully(adv.精彩地)9different(adj.不同的)-difference(n.差別;差異)10.like(v.喜歡n.喜好;愛好)-(反義詞)dislike［v.&n.不喜愛(的事物);厭惡(的事物)］11below(prep.&adv.在······下面;到······下面)-(反義詞)above[prep.&adv.在(·····)上面］12hunger(n.饑餓;渴望)-hungry(adj.饑餓的;渴望得到)詞塊歸納1goonvacation去度假beonvacation休假2playvolleyball打排球3quiteafew相當(dāng)多;不少4goout出去5keepadiary記日記6ofcourse當(dāng)然7enjoyoneselfhaveagoodtimehavefun玩得高興;過得愉快8toomany太多toomuch太多muchtoo太9feellike給······的感覺;感受到10alongtheway沿途,一路上11walkaround到處走走12getto到達(dá)13findout弄清;查明14upanddown上上下下;來來回回15take(some)photos拍(一些)照片16comeup(太陽或月亮)升起,出來17inexcitement激動地18stayathome待在家里19studyfortests備考20gotothemountains去山區(qū)gotothebeach去海灘gotosummercamp去夏令營21mostofthetime大部分時間22thenextday第二天23somethingimportant重要的事／東西24tryparagliding嘗試滑翔傘運(yùn)動25byefornow再見26becauseof因?yàn)?7inthepast在過去用法總結(jié)1Longtimenosee.好久不見.2buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.給某人買某物3taste+adj.嘗起來······4trydoingsth.試著做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事5(tobe)+n./adj.似乎·····;好像······seemlike+n.似乎·····;好像······seemtodosth.似乎做某事;好像做某事6there'snothingtodobut...除了·····之外,沒有什么事可做7Whatabout...?=Howabout...?······呢?／······怎么樣?8Whatdoyouthinkof...?Howdoyoulike...?Howdoyoufeelabout...?你覺得······怎么樣?9enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事10startdoingsth.=starttodosth.開始做某事11keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)／重復(fù)做某事12arrivein+大地點(diǎn)到達(dá)某地arriveat+小地點(diǎn)到達(dá)某地13forgettodosth.忘記要做某事(某事未做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(某事已做)14Whynotdo..,?=Whydon'tyou/wedo...?為什么不做······呢?15so+adj./adv.+that從句如此······以至于······16tellsb.(not)todosth.叮囑／吩咐／告訴某人(不要)做某事語法精講(一)復(fù)合不定代詞語法示例1.Iboughtsomethingformyparents,butnothingformyself.我給我父母買了一些東西,但是什么也沒給我自己買.(教材P33a)2.Didshedoanythingspecialthere?她在那里做什么特別的事情了嗎?(教材P41c)語法概述復(fù)合不定代詞是由some、any、no、every加上-body、(-)one、-thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞.復(fù)合不定代詞在句中可作主語、賓語或表語,不能作定語.常見的復(fù)合不定代詞some-類any-類no-類every-類-bodysomebody某人;有人anybody任何人nobody沒有人everybody每人;人人;所有人(-)onesomeone某人;有人anyone任何人noone沒有人everyone每人;人人;所有人-thingsomething某事;某物anything任何東西;任何事物nothing沒有什么everything每件事;所有事物;一切?Someoneiswaitingforyou.有人在等你.?Ihavenothingtosay.我沒什么可說的.?Hersoniseverythingforher.對她來說,兒子就是一切.拓somebody除有＂某人,有人＂的意思外,還有“重要人物＂的意思,反義詞為nobody"無足輕重的人,小人物＂.?Shethinksshe'sreallysomebodyinthatcar.她以為坐上那輛車,她就真成個人物了.?Heisregardedasanobodyinthisgroup.在這個團(tuán)隊(duì)中,他被看作是無足輕重的人.考向1復(fù)合不定代詞作主語復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式.?Everyonewantstohavealongholiday.人人都想有一個長假期.考向2復(fù)合不定代詞被定語修飾復(fù)合不定代詞若被定語(形容詞、不定式、else等)修飾,定語要后置.?Iwanttobuysomethingspecialformygrandmother.我想給奶奶買些特別的東西.?Doyouhaveanythingtobuy?你有什么要買的嗎??Asksomebodyelsetohelpyou.另請個人來幫幫你吧.典例1(2022·云南中考)Iadviseyounottoshow________onWeChatbecauseitmaycausetrouble.A.anythingpersonalB.personalanythingC.somethingpersonalD.personalsomething解析;句意;我建議你不要在微信上展示任何個人信息,因?yàn)檫@可能會引起麻煩.形容詞作定語修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時,要放在復(fù)合不定代詞之后,先排除B、D兩項(xiàng);再結(jié)合句中的not可知應(yīng)用anythingpersonal,選A.考向3some-類和any-類復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別①some-類復(fù)合不定代詞常用于肯定句.?Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.我的自行車出問題了.②any-類復(fù)合不定代詞常用于否定句和疑問句.?Isthereanyoneathome?家里有人嗎?Theoldladycouldn'tseeanythingatall.那位老婦人什么都看不見.③在表示請求、建議或希望得到對方肯定回答的疑問句中,要用some-類復(fù)合不定代詞.?Shouldwecalladoctororsomeone?我們要不要請個大夫什么的??Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要喝點(diǎn)兒什么嗎?典例2(2022·濟(jì)南中考)-Didyoudo________specialforyourmotheronherbirthday?-Yes,Icookedlongnoodlesforher.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything解析:句意:＂你媽媽生目那天你做什么特別的事情了嗎?＂＂做了.我給她做了長壽面.”此處是疑問句,且并非表示請求、建議或希望得到對方的肯定回答,故應(yīng)用anything,選D.考向4使用復(fù)合不定代詞時應(yīng)注意的其他問題every-類復(fù)合不定代詞與not連用時,表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,則要用no-類復(fù)合不定代詞或是在否定句中用any-類復(fù)合不定代詞.?Noteveryoneknowsher.不是所有人都認(rèn)識她.(部分否定)?Nobodyknowsher.沒有人認(rèn)識她.(全部否定)?Thereisn'tanyoneintheclassroom.教室里沒有人.(全部否定)巧學(xué)妙記復(fù)合不定代詞的用法復(fù)合代詞有特長,修飾成分后邊藏,如果它來作主語,謂語單數(shù)沒商量.some-代詞肯定句,any-代詞否、疑忙,若是希望得肯定,some-代詞不相讓.(二)一般過去時語法示例1.Iwasonvacationlastmonth.我上個月去度假了.(教材P22d)2.Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.我大部分時間只是待在家里看書、休息.(教材P22d)3.Dideveryonehaveagoodtime?所有人都玩得高興嗎?(教材P3GrammarFocus)語法概述一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài);也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作.常與yesterday、lastmonth、inthepast、justnow、...ago等表示過去的時間狀語連用.考向1動詞變過去式的規(guī)則①規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法例詞與發(fā)音讀音規(guī)則一般情況加-edplay-played/pleid/offer-offered/'?f?(r)d/清輔音后讀/t/,濁輔音和元音后讀/d/,/t/和/d/后面讀/Id/以e結(jié)尾的動詞加-dlike-liked/laikt/hate-hated/'heitid/以“輔音字母＋y"結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i,再加-edcry-cried/kraid/study-studied/'st?did/以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞雙寫最后一個輔音字母,再加-edplan-planned/pl?nd/stop-stopped/st?pt/巧學(xué)妙記規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成過去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律,一般詞尾加-ed.如果詞尾有個e,直接加-d就可以.輔音字母y結(jié)尾,變y為i加-ed.一輔重閉作尾巴,雙寫之后加-ed.②不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化需要特殊記憶,大致可分為以下幾種:類別例詞過去式和原形一樣cut-cutread-read/red/put-putlet-let中間元音變化i-aswim-swambegin-begansit-satgive-gavei-oride-rodedrive-drovewrite-wroteo/a-edraw-drewthrow-threwgrow-grewknow-knew過去式以ought和aught結(jié)尾bring-broughtteach-taughtcatch-caughtbuy-bought結(jié)尾的d變?yōu)閠build-builtspend-spentsend-sentlend-lent含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加tfeel-feltkeep-keptsmell-smeltsleep-slept典例3(2022·上海中考)ThethreeChineseastronauts________safelyfromspaceonApril16,2022.A.returnedB.arereturningC.havereturnedD.hadreturned解析:根據(jù)本句的時間狀語＂onApril16,2022"可知,該動作發(fā)生在過去,要用一般過去時,故選A.考向2一般過去時的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句子類型含be動詞含行為動詞肯定句主語＋was/were+其他.主語＋動詞過去式＋其他.否定句主語＋was/were+not+其他.主語＋didn't+動詞原形＋其他.一般疑問句及其回答Was/Were+主語＋其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語＋was/were.否定回答:No,主語＋wasn't/weren't.Did+主語＋動詞原形＋其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語＋did.否定回答:主語＋didn't.肯定句:?IwasinBeijinglastmonth.我上個月在北京.?IwenttoShanghailastFriday.我上周五去了上海.否定句:?Iwasn'tinBeijinglastmonth.我上個月不在北京.?Ididn'tgotoShanghailastFriday.我上周五沒去上海.一般疑問句及其回答:?-WereyouinBeijinglastmonth?你上個月在北京嗎?-Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.是的,我在.／不,我不在.?-DidyougotoShanghailastFriday?你上周五去了上海嗎?-Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.是的,我去了.／不,我沒去.典例4按要求完成句子.(綏化中考)Heputofftheplantillthenextweek.(改為一般疑問句)_______he_______offtheplantillthenextweek?答案:Did;put寫作指導(dǎo)如何寫假期活動的相關(guān)文章話題分析本單元的話題是“度假”.這類文章的寫作主要要求描述旅途見聞、假期所做的事情以及假期之后的心得等,體裁以記敘文為主,時態(tài)應(yīng)以一般過去時為主.寫作實(shí)踐(成都中考)假如你是圖中女孩,你與家人于4月29日共度周日.請根據(jù)圖中所示寫一篇英文日記,講述你當(dāng)天所見和所做之事.注意:1.日記應(yīng)包含圖中所有信息;2.日記中須寫出當(dāng)天的一些感受;3.日記應(yīng)格式正確,語句通順,句式多樣;4.詞數(shù):100左右.參考詞匯:沙堡sandcastle螃蟹crab________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________思路導(dǎo)引1.文章要符合日記的格式,日期寫在左上角,天氣寫在右上角2.日記分三部分:開頭(引出話題)→hadagoodtime,onthebeach主體(描述活動)couldseetherisingsunandflyingseabirds,relaxedinthesea,playedvolleyball,madeasandcastle結(jié)尾(表達(dá)感受)→pleasant,gotclosetonature,sharedhappinesswith...詞句積累詞匯haveagoodtime過得愉快onthebeach在海灘上swiminthesea在海里游泳seetherisingsun看日出makeasandcastle堆沙堡playvolleyballonthesand在沙灘上打排球句子1.Ihadagoodtimeonthebeach.我在海灘上玩得很愉快.2.Isawaboatsailingonthesea.我看見一只船在海上航行.3.Iplayedvolleyballwithmyparentsonthesand.我和我的父母在沙灘上打排球.4.Whatapleasantday!多么愉快的一天?。?.諺Readtenthousandbooksandtraveltenthousandmiles.讀萬卷書,行萬里路.6.諺Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.千里之行,始于足下.佳作展示Sunday,April29thSunnyTodayIhadagoodtimewithmyparentsonthebeach.①ItwassofinethatIcouldseetherisingsunandflyingseabirds.Ialsosawaboatsailingonthesea.Ilostmyselfinthebeautifulscene.②Wearingmyswimsuit,Ispentacoupleofhoursrelaxinginthesea.IfeltlikeIwasafish.③Then,Iplayedvolleyballwithmyparents.③Finally,Imanagedtomakeasandcastlewithtools.Itlookedsotruetolifethatacrabevenwantedtoliveinit.④Whatapleasantday!Inotonlygotclosetonaturebutalsosharedhappinesswithmyfamily.名師點(diǎn)評這篇習(xí)作主要描述了作者在海邊的活動.語句通順,層次分明,時態(tài)正確,內(nèi)容充實(shí).文中使用了haveagoodtime(玩得高興)、loseoneselfin...(沉浸于······)、managetodosth.(設(shè)法做成某事)、notonly...butalso...(不僅······而且·······)等短語.①運(yùn)用so...that...(如此······以至于······)句型描述了所看風(fēng)景.②此處首先運(yùn)用spendsometime(in)doingsth.(花費(fèi)時間做某事)結(jié)構(gòu)講述了自己所做之事,接著運(yùn)用＂feellike..."表達(dá)了自己的感受.③此處使用了表示順序的副詞then和finally,表明了句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系.④使用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表達(dá)了對此次活動的喜愛之情.閱讀提升方法概述在語篇中根據(jù)首字母提示填空是中考中常見的一種題型,它與完形填空