專題20-讀后續(xù)寫5種常用修辭手法-讀后續(xù)寫高分微技能-(高考新題型)

專題20常用5種修辭手法-讀后續(xù)寫高分微技能序號內容Part1明喻(Simile)Part2暗喻(Metaphor)Part3擬人(Personification)Part4夸張法(hyperbole)Part5平行法(Parallelism)修辭手法(figureofspeech)是根據(jù)表達需要，運用有效的語言手段來提高語言的表達效果，使語言表達具有準確性、鮮明性和生動性的語言運用方式。恰當?shù)厥褂眯揶o手段，可以使文章更加生動，更具有表現(xiàn)力，蘊意豐富，引人入勝。常用的修辭手法有：夸張(Exaggeration)、明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、擬人(Personification)、平行法(Parallelism)、頭韻(Alliteration)、對比(Contrast)、矛盾修辭法(Oxymoron)、雙關(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。對于高中生來說，最好能通過例句，結合具體的語境，體會修辭的表達效果。同時，要求學會欣賞并能模仿造句。學習和運用修辭手法，相信對高考新題型"讀后續(xù)寫"也有幫助。PartI種寫作常用提分修辭之明喻明喻Simile是一種最常見的修辭方法，是以兩種具有共同特征的事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比，表明本體和喻體的關系?；緲嫵桑罕倔w+比喻詞+喻體常見比喻詞：like像；as...as和...一樣；as就像；asif/though好像；AistoBwhatCistoDA對于B而言就像C對于D而言Icouldn'tmovemylegs.Itwasasiftheywerestucktothefloor.（描寫僵住的動作）Thensuddenly,anidea,shiningandnew,flashedlikeacometthroughherbrain.(描寫突然有想法）Alightbreezeblew,swayingthetreebranchesandmakingtheraysoflightglimmeranddanceasiftherewasafairytaleworldhiddendeepwithin.（描寫微風）Heisastimidasahare.（描寫人物膽?。㊣waslikeacatonhotbricksbeforetheinterview.(描寫緊張）Harryscrambledtohisfeet,sohappyhefeltasthoughalargeballoonwasswellinginsidehim.哈利感到特別高興，仿佛胸中揣著的一個氣球漸漸鼓了起來，使他飄飄欲仙了。（描寫高興）Thesurfaceofthecalmlakestirredthewaves,andmymoodwasascheerfulasawave.心情和浪花一樣歡快。（描寫高興）IfeellikeIamfloatinginanoceanofsadness.(描寫悲傷）Sheshookallover,feelinglikesittingonpinsandneedles.她渾身顫抖，覺得如坐針氈。（描寫如坐針氈）Rippingcrystalstreamsstretchedawayintothedistancefromthetoweringbluffslikethebeautifulstreamersofafairymaid.（描寫瀑布）Then,onhisback,withhistaillashingandhisjawsclicking,thesharkplowedoverthewaterasaspeed-boatdoes.(描寫鯊魚）Thestarsinthenightskysparkledlikediamonds.(描寫星空）Clustersofstarsdecoratedthevastskylikesparkingjewels.(描寫星空）Theicywindstartedhowling,cuttingmyfacelikeasharpknife.(描寫寒風）常見例句賞析1.Thesnowwasasthickasablanket.雪像地毯一樣厚。2.Lastnight,Isleptlikealog.昨晚我睡得像木頭。3.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.似乎是到了世界末日。4.Thegroundisashardasstoneafterthedrought.干旱之后土地硬得就像石頭一樣。5.Hewanderedintoseemeasifhehadnothingelsetodo.他遛遛達達進來看我，好像無事可做的樣子。6.Loveislikethewind,youcan'tseeitbutyoucanfeelit.愛如風，你看不見，但你能感受到它。7.Thecountry,coveredwithcherrytreeflowers,looksasthoughitiscoveredwithpinksnow.地上覆蓋著櫻花，這個國家似乎覆蓋著粉紅色的雪。8.Icouldn'tmovemylegs.Itwasasiftheywerestucktothefloor.我的腿動不了，就好像給固定在地板上似的。9.Helooksasthoughhehasn'thadasquaremealformonths.瞧他那樣子好像幾個月沒好好吃過一頓飯似的。10.Thehouselookssomethinglikeacastle.那房子看上去有點像一座城堡。(somethinglike...有點像…)11.Readingistothemindwhatfoodistothebody.讀書與思想的關系就好比食物與健康的關系。(AistoBwhatCisD"A之于B如同C之于D")12.Searchingforonemaninthisbigcityislikelookingforaneedleinahaystack.在這座大城市里尋找一個人猶如大海撈針。13.Johnsawthecarcomingandstoodstillasastatue.John看到車子過來，像石像一樣站著一動不動。14.Mymother'skitchenwaslikeaholyplace:youcouldn'twearyourshoes,youhadtositthereatacertaintime,andoccasionallywe'dpray.我媽的廚房像一個圣地：你不能穿鞋，你必須在某一個時候坐在那里，偶而我們會祈禱。15.Aroomwithoutbooksislikeabodywithoutasoul.沒有書的房間，如同沒有靈魂的軀體。16.Thecloudswerelikeice-creamcastlesinthesky.云朵就像是天空中的冰激凌城堡。17.Kylelookedatthetestwithastareasblankashisnotebook.Kyle茫然地看著試卷，頭腦如同筆記本一樣的空白。18.Thenlikeacoldwaveonashore,comessilenceandshesingsnomore.然后沉默如同海灘上的寒潮般襲來，她不再唱歌。19.Asindepthsofmanyseas,myheartwasdrownedinmemories.如同在大海深處，我的心里沉溺于回憶之中。20.Hesitstherestaringattheblankscreenlikeaghostsearchingforhisreflection.他坐在那里，盯著空白的屏幕，像是一個鬼魂在尋找他的影子。21.Hemovedlikelighteningbeforethepolicecame.還沒等警察到來，他像閃電一樣地跑了。22.Shehungherheadlikeadyingflower.她像是一朵枯萎的花低著頭。23.Ahousewithoutbooksislikearoomwithoutwindows.沒有書的房子，如同沒有窗戶的房間。24.Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.整個這件事我記得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天發(fā)生似的。25.Lifeislikeridingabicycle.Tokeepyourbalance,youmustkeepmoving.人生如同騎自行車，要保持平衡你要不斷向前。26.Amindislikeaparachute.Itdoesn'tworkifitisnotopen.思想如同降落傘，如果不打開就不起作用。27.Lifeislikeanonion;youpeelitoffonelayeratatime,andsometimesyouweep.人生如同洋蔥，你一次剝一層，有時你會流淚。28.Foodistothebodyasfuelistotheengine.食物之于身體，如同燃料之于發(fā)動機。29.Thetravellershavefalleninlovewithlocalproduce.Theycannotbelievethatthetomatoesareasbigasapples,andtheappleslooklikethesizeofbaseballs.旅行者們已經愛上了的當?shù)靥禺a。他們不敢相信蕃茄大如蘋果，而蘋果看起來像棒球一樣大。30.Gwenoftenbecomesgreenwithenvywheneverherclassmatesreceivebettergradesorawardsforoutstandingachievements,andshewouldturnintoagreen-eyedmonster.每當她的同學們得到更好的成績或領取杰出成就的獎，Gwen是嫉妒到臉都發(fā)綠，儼然變成一雙綠眼怪獸了(表示非常嫉妒)!PartII暗喻Metaphor也是也叫隱喻，是簡縮了的明喻，但不用比喻詞like或as作對比，是將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物，通過比較形成，從而更生動，更深刻地說明事理，增強語言的表現(xiàn)力。1）基本結構：本體是喻體。名詞型暗喻Herhairwasaflowinggoldenriverstreamingdownhershoulders.(描寫肖像）Iwas,inwardly,allwhiteflag.(描寫妥協(xié)）Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.(描寫笑的作用）Kindnessisagoldenchainbywhichsocietyisbound.(描寫善良的作用）動詞型暗喻Ifeltalumpinmythroat,tearswellingupinmyeyes.(描寫傷心）Theboywolfeddownthefoodthemomenthegrabbedit.(描寫?zhàn)囸I時吃東西）Hemeltedintotears.(描寫感動落淚）Aheavysilenceblanketedtheroom.(描寫沉默寂靜）Theghostlywintersilencehadgivenwaytothegreatspringmurmurofwakeninglife.(描寫萬物復蘇）Myheartwaspumping.(心臟怦怦直跳）2）常見例句賞析1.Timeismoney.2.Thestarsaresparklingdiamonds.3.Thecurtainofnightfelluponus.4.Lifeisajourney.5.Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.6.Booksarethekeystoyourimagination.7.Spendingtoomuchtimewithhimisworsethanswimminginaseaofsharks.8.Herhairwasaflowinggoldenriverstreamingdownhershoulders.9.I'mdrowninginaseaofgrief.10.Thetypicalteenageboy'sroomisadisasterarea.11.She'sgoingthrougharollercoasterofemotions.12.Kathyarrivedatthegrocerystorewithanarmyofchildren.13.Youlightupmylife.14.Iwaslostinaseaofnamelessfaces.15.Lifecontainsnothingbutclearskiesupahead.16.Myheartswelledwithaseaoftears.17.Thecloudssailedacrossthesky.18.Today'slecturegavemealotoffoodforthought.19.Laughteristhemusicofthesoul.20.Ablanketofsnowcoveredtheground.22.Theteacherplantedtheseedsofwisdom.23.Booksarethemirrorsofthesoul.24.Eyesarewindowstothesoul.25.Letusbegratefultopeoplewhomakeushappy,theyarethecharminggardenerswhomakeoursoulsblossom.26.Theskiesofhisfuturebegantodarken.27.Laughteristhebestmedicine.Hervoiceismusictohisears.PartIII擬人(Personification)擬人Personification也是一種比喻，就是把無生命的事物當作有生命的事物來描寫，賦予無生命之物以感情和動作或是把動物人格化，使語言生動，形象，更有感染力。例：Thebreezegentlykissedhercheeks.(描寫微風）Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.(描寫黑暗環(huán)境）Thedrizzlekissedmeonmycheeksgently.（描寫細雨）Theleavesoftreeswhisperedquietly.(描寫抖動的樹葉）Couragedesertedhim.(描寫失去勇氣）Excitementdeprivedmeofallpowerofspeech.(描寫激動地說不出話）Whiteandblacksmokeroseupinsteadycolumns,magicwithinthedarkair.DespairenvelopedSteveandZach.絕望籠罩著史蒂夫和扎克。Freezingwintermarchedintothevillage.(描寫寒冬）2）常見例句賞析1.Thestarsdancedplayfullyinthemoonlitsky.2.Thefirstraysofmorningtiptoed(踮著腳走?t?pt??)throughthemeadow.3.Shedidnotrealizethatopportunitywasknockingatherdoor.4.Hedidnotrealizethathislastchancewaswalkingoutthedoor.5.Theriverswallowedtheearthasthewatercontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.6.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.7.Timeflewandbeforeweknewit,itwastimeformetogohome.8.Themoonwinkedatmethroughthecloudsabove.9.Theoceandancedinthemoonlight.10.Thewordsappearedtoleapoffofthepaperasshereadthestory.11.Whilemakingmywaytomycar,itappearedtosmileatmemischievously(淘氣地?m?st??v?sl?).12.Thenewstookmebysurprise.13.Thefireranwild.14.Thethunderclappedangrilyinthedistance.15.Thestormattackedthetownwithgreatrage.16.IcouldhearHawaiicallingmyname.17.Theflowersdancedinthegentlebreeze.18.Thefireswallowedtheentireforest.19.Theflowerswereblooming,andthebeeskissedthemeverynowandthen.20.Itwasearlymorning--Imetacatyawningandstretchinginthestreet.21.Theskyscraperwassotallthatitseemedtokissthesky.22.Hiscarsufferedaseverestrokeinthemiddleoftheroad,andrefusedtomoveforward.23.NewYorkisthecitythatneversleeps.24.Thesunflowersnoddedinthewind.25.Thebrowngrasswasbeggingforwater.26.Thecandleflamedancedinthedark.27.Hesangalonelysongtothemoonlight.28.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce,likethebiggestwatermelonorthemosthandsomerooster.29.MoneyistheonlyfriendthatIcancounton.30.Mystomachwaspunishingmefornoteatingontime.31.Youmakemyheartskipabeat!32.Thestarsdancedplayfullyinthemoonlitsky.33.Thewildfireranthroughtheforestatanamazingspeed.34.Seeingsuchextraordinarybeauty,Ithinkeverycellinmybodywokeup.35.Itwasquietnow,thethunderhadgrumbled(隆隆響?gr?mbl)awaytothewest.36.Themoonplayedhideandseek(捉迷藏)withtheclouds.37.Myalarmclockyellsatmeeverymorning.38.Thewindhowled(吼叫ha?l)inthenight.39.Thecurtainsdancedinthebreeze.40.Thetreebranchscratchedandclawedatmywindowsill,tryingtobreakintothehouse.PartVI夸張夸張法(hyperboleha??p?:b?li)就是運用豐富的想象，過激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達到強調的效果。數(shù)詞表示Hehadgivenhislastounceofstrengthtoswimtowardstheshore.（描寫努力）Afloodoffearwelledupinhim.他心中涌起一陣恐懼。（描寫恐懼）Sheregrettedwithtonsofanxiety,andthebecamesleepwithshiningtearsinhereyes.用動詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞表示Ialmostlaughedmyheadoff.(描寫大笑）Henearlyexplodedwithindignation.(描寫特別生氣）Rootedtotheground,hecouldonlystammeroutsomebrokensentenceswithatiedtongue.(描寫緊張說不出話）Staringattheshiningdimeinhispalm,Bobgrinnedfromeartoear,withhiseyesbeamingwithjoy.（描寫高興大笑）Hearingthis,hesplithissideswithlaughter.（描寫高興大笑）Hewaswalkingonair.(描寫高興）Onthestage,hefoundscoresofarrowspiercingherchest.(描寫痛苦難受）Hecriedhisheartoutonhearingthetragicnews.聽到這個噩耗，他哭得撕心裂肺。（描寫傷心哭泣）Atthesightofthefiercewolf,Ifrozewithterror,tooscaredtoaninch.看到兇猛的狼，我嚇得一愣一愣的，嚇得寸步難行Ihadbutterfliesinmystomachduringthelastminuteofthebasketballgame.籃球比賽的最后一分鐘，我緊張地不行。（描寫緊張）MyheartpoundedsohardthatIthoughtmyribcagemightexplode.我的心撲通撲通跳得厲害，我覺得我的肋骨可能會爆炸。（描寫緊張）3）常見例句賞析1.There'senoughfoodinthecupboardtofeedanentirearmy!廚柜里有足夠養(yǎng)活一支軍隊的食物。2.Iwaswalkingalongtheroadwhensuddenlythisenormousdogstoodinfrontofme.Itwasasbigasanelephant.我正沿著馬路走著，這時一只大狗突然站在我前面。它有大象那么大。3.Mybloodfroze.我的血液都凝固了。4.Ihavewantedtokillmyselfahundredtimes,butsomehowIamstillinlovewithlife.我曾上百次地想自殺，可是不知怎么的，我仍熱愛生活。5.Chriswon'tdriveherhomebecauseshelivesontheothersideoftheuniverse.Chris不會開車送她回家，因為她坐在很遠的地方。6.WhenItoldourfatheraboutthis,hisheartburst.當我將這件事告訴我們的父親時，他的心幾乎要迸出來。7.Basketballistheonlythingthatevermatteredtohim.足球是唯一對他重要的事。8.Theyturnedintoanendlessstreet他們轉入一條看不到盡頭的街道。9.MyheartalmoststoppedbeatingwhenIheardmydaughter'svoiceonthephone.從電話里一聽到我女兒的聲音，我的心幾乎停止跳動。10.IwassohungrythatIcouldeatahorse.我很餓以致于可以吃掉一只馬。11.Hewassosadthathewasdrowningintears.他如此傷心，淚流滿面。12.OldMr.JohnsonhasbeenteachingheresincetheStoneAge.老約翰遜先生自從石器時代就在這兒教書了。13.Itwassocoldthat…Whenthemenspoke,theirwordsfrozeintheair.Everythingtheysaidremainedfrozenallwinterlong,anddidnotmeltuntilspring.天是如此之冷，以致于男人們說話時，他們的話在空中凍結。他們說的一切在整個冬天都凍結著，直到春天才會融化。14.I'mdyingforacupoftea.我很想喝杯茶。15.Icouldsmellthefragranceofflowersfromamileaway.一里之外我就聞到花香。16.Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredout.當她聽到這個壞消息時，她淚流成河。PartV平行法平行法Parallelism一般由三項或三項以上的詞語或句子構成，其并列的結構相同或類似，意義相關，語氣連貫，使得句子流暢，富有節(jié)奏感。1.Youneedtoworkquicklyanddecisively.2.ThisisnotonlyjustwhatIwanted,butalsojustwhatIneeded.3.Motherwasverybusygatheringthelaundry,dustingthefurnitureandwashingthedishes.4.Howyouliveyourlifeismoreimportantthanhowmanymillionsyouhave.5.Tosurviveyouneed:water,foodandshelter