【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題05-外研版八下重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法及精練（原卷版）

【期末考點(diǎn)精練】專題05外研版八下重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法及精練（原卷版）一．系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞又稱連系動(dòng)詞，不單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞等）連用構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。系表結(jié)構(gòu)可說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞的分類1.表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞： be動(dòng)詞,(看起來(lái))，(感覺(jué)，感到)，(聽(tīng)起來(lái))，(聞起來(lái))，(嘗起來(lái))，(似乎);(顯得，好像);(保持);(依然，保持);(仍然)等。2.表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞：get;become;turn;go;grow;fall等?！锉硎咀兓南祫?dòng)詞的區(qū)別：天氣變化用get;顏色的變化用turn;由好變壞用go;逐漸變化用grow;好變壞、壞變好用become或get;成為用become.二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu) have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否定句 haven’t/hasn’t+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)句 Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞？肯定回答Yes,主語(yǔ)+has/have.否定回答No,主語(yǔ)+hasn’t/haven’t.2.過(guò)去分詞的變化A直接加-edB不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-dC輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-edD以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-edE不規(guī)則變化見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表3.過(guò)去分詞ed發(fā)音規(guī)律清念/t/元濁/d//t//d/以后念/id/finished borrowed wantedpassed enjoyed shoutedhelped called neededcooked moved counted4.表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在不在那里了），后面可接去過(guò)某地的次數(shù)，如once,twice,threetimes等。表示已經(jīng)去了某地（現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有返回）。表示在某地多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，常在含有for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中使用。隨堂練習(xí)一．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.—you(finish)yourhomework?

—Notyet.2.Mary(nothave)lunch.She(have)itat12:20.

3.Theplane(take)off.It(take)offhalfanhourago.

4.Theyoungman(live)alonesincehegraduatedfromcollege.

5.—MayIspeaktoNick?—Sorry,he(go)toParisandwillbebackintwoweeks.

二．動(dòng)詞填空J(rèn)ack’smotherisagoodcook.Sheoften1.(cook)gooddishes.It’stimefordinner.She2.(cook)thedeliciousdinner.Butwhere’sJack’sfather?He3.(go)togethismails.WhataboutJack?Oh,heisbusydoinghishomework.He4.(have)dinnerintenminutes.Jack’sgrandfatherisn’thungrynowbecausehe5.(have)dinnerinarestaurantjustnow.

三．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與下列副詞連用：already已經(jīng)（多用于肯定陳述句，句中）yet尚，還，仍然（多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句，句末）ever曾經(jīng)（多用于疑問(wèn)句，句中）recently最近（多用于句末）never從不（多用于否定句，句中）just僅僅（多用于肯定句句中）before之前（一般位于句末）隨堂練習(xí)用just,already,yet,recently,ever,never填空1.HaveyoubeentotheWestLake?No,Ihavebeenthere.2.Ihavereadthenoveltwice.3.Haveyoufinishedyourwork?4.Ihaven’theardfromher.5.Hehasgoneshoppingwithhisparents.6.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.7.Jackhasfinishedhishomework.8.Hasthebusleft?Yes,ithasleft.9.你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)法國(guó)嗎？HaveyoubeentoFrance?10.以前我從沒(méi)丟過(guò)書。Ihavelostbooksbefore.四．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)三Hehasbeenawayfromthearmyfornineyearsbecauseofalegwound.(1)for和since區(qū)別for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，即多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，時(shí)間段用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起點(diǎn)，即時(shí)間點(diǎn)，指具體的年，月，日，時(shí)，星期幾sincesince+一段時(shí)間+ago，表示自……時(shí)間前開始至今since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句時(shí)間段+haspassedsince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句(2)leave為瞬間性動(dòng)詞（短暫性），不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果有時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。【鏈接】常見(jiàn)短暫變延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞die——bedead borrow/lend——keep come/go——beinbuy——have leave——beaway(from) finish——beoverbegin/start——beon open——beopen close——beclosedbecome——be join——beinhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadhave/hasbeen+adj./prep.have/haskepthave/hashadfor+時(shí)間段since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)Howlong疑問(wèn)句隨堂練習(xí)一．用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIrelandMonday.2.JillhasbeeninIrelandthreedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.8.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.9.ItthreeyearsIcametoAmerica.二．翻譯句子1.你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎? 2.我已經(jīng)買這本詞典三年了。 三．基本句型英語(yǔ)是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型語(yǔ)言，英語(yǔ)句子必須具備主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為核心，英語(yǔ)句子可以分為五種基本句型，連同therebe句型一起，組成簡(jiǎn)單句六種基本句型。（一）主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（+其他）（S+V+P）系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)、后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等。They’rereallytiredafterfootballmatch.H’sbeengoodatplayingthepianoafteralongtraining.(二)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（+其他）（S+V）Whenwillyouplaynexttime?What’shappeningoverthere?（三）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（+其他）（S+V+O）Doyoucollectanything?Peoplesingsongorplaymusic,andthelistenerschoosethebestsingerormusician.（四）主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（S+V+IO+DO）,指人的是間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。PeopleoftengivemefansaspresentsbecausetheyknowIlikethem.I’llshowyoumystampstoo.(五)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（+其他）（S+V+O+C）用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：名詞、形容詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等TheynamedtheirbabyTom.Whatmadeyousointerestedinmusic?Themothertoldtheboynottoplayinthestreet.ThedooropenedandIfoundherlyinginbed.(六)表示“某處有某物”時(shí)，使用therebe句型表示“有”。Therebe句型中的主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞，be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)就近原則，取決于靠近be動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)名詞的形式。There’saconcertatRadioBeijing.Therearemanyotherinterestingthingstodoinlife.隨堂練習(xí)一．判斷下列各句屬于A-F中的哪種句型A.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)B.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)C.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)D.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)E.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)F.Therebe+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)1.Thereisgoingtobeaclassmeetingthisafternoon.2.Thebellisringing.3.Tombroughtmeanumbrellayesterday.4.Musicoftenmakesmehappy.5.Someoneinourclasslikessingingverymuch.6.Mysisterisveryoutgoingatschool.二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Myparentsboughtmeanewbikelastweek.(改為同義句)Myparentsboughtanewbikelastweek.

2.Weallagreethatweshouldmakeabetterplan.(改為同義句)Weallmakeabetterplan.

3.Thereissomeorangeinthebottle.(改為否定句)Thereorangeinthebottle.

4.Mr.BlackisgoodatChinese.(改為同義句)Mr.BlackwellChinese.

5.Englishismyfavouritesubject.(改為同義句)IEnglishofallmysubjects.

四．簡(jiǎn)單句+and/or/but+簡(jiǎn)單句and:表示并列“又和而且”or:表示選擇，“或者，還是”but:表示轉(zhuǎn)折“但是”1.并列句有時(shí)之間不用并列連詞，但是用分號(hào)隔開，2.并列連詞之后的簡(jiǎn)單句，與其前的簡(jiǎn)單句有相同的部分時(shí)，相同部分可以省去Itisgettingdark,but_they’restillworkingwe’regoingtothestore,youcangowithusoryoucanmeetusthere.heisn’tgoodatplayingfootball,buthelikeswatchingfootballmatch.隨堂練習(xí)一．選用連詞and,but,or完成下列句子1.It’sanoldcar,itcanrunveryfast.

2.Iboughtabirthdaygiftforhershelikeditalot.

3.MaJunmaywinZhengXiaojunmaywin.Nooneknows.

4.—WhatcanIdothisafternoon,Mum?—Youcangoshoppingwithme,youcanstayathomebyyourself.

5.Saveadropofwatereveryday,wecanhelpmakeabetterfuture.

五.賓語(yǔ)從句置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序。時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。.他說(shuō)明天他將動(dòng)身去紐約。主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)).他告訴我他將會(huì)參加跳高比賽。.他問(wèn)我是否拿了他的肥皂。當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)他告訴我地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí),要特別注意從句的語(yǔ)序,即按照主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的順序What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?→你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?引導(dǎo)詞(1)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)“Sheisagoodgirl,”theteachertoldus.→.老師告訴我們她是一個(gè)好女孩。(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用whether或if連接,句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句“AreyoufromJapan?”heaskedme.=.他問(wèn)我是不是來(lái)自日本?！癉oyoulikewatchingTV?”heaskedme.=.他問(wèn)我是否喜歡看電視。(3)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),連接詞就用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞,但從句一定要注意用陳述句語(yǔ)序WhendidheleaveforJapan?Couldyoutellme?=你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候去的日本嗎?隨堂練習(xí)一．單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Iwonder.

—Someonewhocanmakemeabetterperson.A.whenyouoftenmeetyourfriends B.howyoumakeyourfriendshappyC.whoyouwanttomakefriendswith D.whereyouspendweekendswithfriends2.—Couldyoutellmetomorrow?

—Itwillbesunny.A.whatwilltheweatherbelike B.whattheweatherwillbelikeC.whenwilltheweatherbesunny D.whentheweatherwillbesunny3.—HaveyoudecidedtheExpo2019Beijing?

—Thissummerholiday.A.howareyougoingto B.howyouaregoingtoC.whenareyougoingto D.whenyouaregoingto4.—Doyouknow?

—Yes,we’lltakeabusthere.A.whenwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowB.whenwillwegotothemuseumtomorrowC.howwewillgotothemuseumtomorrowD.howwillwegotothemuseumtomorrow5.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?

—Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave二．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.IthoughtJim(buy)thebook.

2.Hesayshe(be)borninJinan.3.Tomtoldmethere(be)twelvemonthsinayear.

4.Petersaysthathe(go)therelastnight.

5.Maryhearsthatwe(have)anEnglishtestnextweek.

三．把下列兩句合并為一句1.Themanisright.Ithink.Ithink.

2.Iwillbeascientist.Ihope.Ihope.

3.Heisdoinghishomework.Heexplains.Heexplains.

4.“Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.”saysTom.Tomsays.

5.“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaid.Theteachersaid.

四．用whether或if填空。1．Idon’tknow______ornotyouwillgo.2．______youhavemetGeorgebefore,Ican’tre