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試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)2022中考閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題練專題44疾病Passage1（2021·廣西百色·中考真題）Whenyoufeelasneeze（噴嚏）orcoughcomingon,coveringyourmouthpreventsthespreadofgerms（細(xì)菌）.Youprobablyknewthat.Buthowtocoveryourmouthisveryimportant.Youmightusetissues（紙巾）,andputyourusedtissuesintothebin.“Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourelbow,notyourhand,evenifyouareusedtodoingthat.”Thedoctorsadvised.“Ifsomebodysneezesintohishands,thosegermswillbepassedontootherpeople,orotherobjectsthatpeopletouch.”saidDr.Hill.Germsaremostcommonlyspreadbysneezingandcoughing.Whentheylandonyourhands,theyarepassedfromhandstothingslikebills,doorknobs（扶手）,liftbuttonsandothersurfaces.Atthesametime,thepeoplearoundyoucantouchthem.“Thesuggestionwastakenseriouslyabout10yearsago.However,mostpeopledidn'tpaymuchattentiontoit.Thatmeanstheadultsmayhavemissedtheadvice.Butchildrenareoftentaughtinschooltherightwaytocoughorsneeze.”Dr.Benjaminsaid.Tobeclear,peoplecan'tkeepawayfromalltherisksinthisway,butit'sthebestchoice.Atthesametime,we'dbetterwearmasks（口罩）andoftenwashourhands.“Handwashingisoneofthemostimportantthingspeoplecandotokeephealthy.”Dr.Hillsaid.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1．Accordingtothispassage,whensneezingorcoughing,you'dbetternot________.A．sneezeintoyourelbow B．coveryourmouthwithtissuesC．useyourhandtocoveryourmouth D．coveryourmouthwithyourelbow2．Ifyousneezeintohands,germscanspreadthroughthefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A．usingliftbuttons B．usingdoorknobs C．shakinghands D．washinghands3．Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourhand.B．Theadultmaybeusedtosneezingintotheirelbow.C．Parentsoftenteachtheirchildrentherightwaytocoughorsneeze.D．Wearingmasksisagoodwaytokeepawayfromgerms.4．What'sthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A．Totellusthecorrectwaytousetissueswhensneezingorcoughing.B．Totellussomecorrectwaystopreventthespreadofgerms.C．Totellusit'snecessarytosneezeorcoughintoelbow.D．Totellushowtokeepawayfromallrisks.5．Inwhichlayout（版面）ofthenewspapercanwefindthiskindofpassage?A．Health. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Education.Passage2（2021·湖南永州·中考真題）Dogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer(癌癥);theirnoses!ResearchersatCalifornia’sPineStreetFoundation(PSF)saytheyhavetrainedfivedogstosmellcanceronaprison’sbreath.Thiscouldbeexcitingnews.Adog’ssenseofsmellmaybe10,000to100,000timesstrongerthanours.Butcandogsreallysmellillness?PSFresearcherMichaelMcCullochsaysyes.“Wewereverysurprisedbyhowexacttheywere,”hesaid.“Theyweretellingwhohadcancer,andtheywerealsosayingwhodidn’t.”DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform?Takealookatthischarttofindout.BreathSampleNumberofTimestheDogsSatdownNumberofTimestheDogsKeptStandingBreathfromlungcancerpatients56410Breathfromhealthypersons4708McCullochandhisteamaskedfourhealthypeopleandonewithcancertoblowintoplastictubes(塑料管).Specialmaterialsinthetubeskeptthethingsofeachbreath.Thetubeswerethenplacedoneyardapart.Finally,thedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.Ninety-ninepercentofthetime,thedugsatnexttothetubesblownintobypatientswithlungcancer.Thedogswereright88percentofthetimeaboutbreastcancer.Nolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresultsthanthistest.Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs’smellingpower.Theywonderiftherewereotherreasonswhythedogsdidsowell.Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.However,mostexpertsagreethatthisstudyisimportant.Theinformationcouldhelpscientistscreateasimplebreathtestforcancerinthefuture.Onceagain,humansmaybegettingahelpingpawornose—fromtheirbestanimalfriends.6．What’sthelatesttooladogmighthaveinthefightagainstcancer?A．Tooth. B．Nose. C．Ear.7．WhathappenedfirstinthePineStreetFoundationtest?A．Thedogsweretrained. B．Thetubeswereplacedoneyardapart.C．Thedogssmelledthetubes.8．Whatwasadogsupposedtodowhenitsmelledcancer?A．Smellagain. B．Turnaround. C．Sitdown.9．Lookatthechart.Howmanytimesdidthedogskeepstandingwhentheysmelledthebreathfromhealthypersons?A．Lessthan10times. B．Almost600times. C．About700times.10．Whydomanyexpertsquestionthedog’ssmellingpower?A．Becausenolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresults.B．Becausethedogtrainersinfluencedhowthedogsacted.C．Becausetheydon’tthinkthisstudyisimportant.Passage3（2020·廣西梧州·中考真題）Eachyearthereareatleastfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldwhodevelopserious（流感）andalmosthalfamilliondeaths.Whensomeoneweknowgetsthefluvirus（病毒）,weexpectthemtobeverycarefulnottopassitontoothers.Doctorsandnursesworkingwithflupatientsalsoneedtoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus.Butwhatisthebestwaytodothis?ThisisthequestionthatProfessorJonathanVan-Tamistryingtoanswer.Hewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted（傳播）,sothathecanstopdoctorsandnursesgettingsick.Since2008Van-TamhasbeeninchargeofanIntentionalgroupstudyinghowthefluvirustravels.Forthefirsttime,41volunteersagreedtolivetogether.Theylivedinaclinic（診所）inCambridgeshirefortwoweeks,wheretheycameintocontactwiththefluvirus.Van-Tamexplainstheirmethods."Everyonelivestogetherinthesmallspaceforfourdays.Somewearfacemasks,andwashhandsevery15minutes,butsomehavenoprotection."Inhiswaywecanstudywhocatchesthefluandwhichwaysoftransmittingfluareimportant.Theexperiment（試驗(yàn)）isnotsimple.Atthemomenttheteamareworkingonthreestudies.Van-Tambelievesthatifthistypeofstudyworkswelltheresultswillhelpdecidewhatprotectionpeopleneedworkinginhospitalwithflupatientsaroundtheworld.Andperhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear.11．Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.A．a(chǎn)tleastfivemillionpeopledevelopseriousflueveryyearallovertheworldB．a(chǎn)boutamillionpeopledieoffluinoneyearintheworldC．itisimpossibleforthepeoplewhocatchtheflutopassthevirusontoothersD．doctorsandnurseshavefoundthebestwaytoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus12．WhydoesProfessorVan-Tamusethemethods?A．Becausehehasbeeninchargeofaninternationalgroup.B．Becausehewantsthemtocomeintocontactwiththefluvirus.C．Becausehewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted.D．Becausehecanprotectthem.13．AccordingtothemethodsVan-Tamexplain,whatdosomeofthevolunteersdointhesmallspace?A．Havenosleep. B．Wearglasses. C．Havenobreak. D．Wearfacemasks.14．Theunderlinedword"'decline"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"________".A．增加B．降落 C．控制 D．減少15．Accordingtothepassagewecaninfer（推斷）that________.A．ProfessorVan-TamwantshisstudytohelpreducethepossibilityofcatchingfluB．a(chǎn)llthevolunteersdidn'thavecontactwiththefluvirusC．thegroupledbyVan-TamonlydidonestudyD．thestudieshavealreadybeenfinishedPassage4（2020·江蘇常州·中考真題）Influenza,orflu(流感),isatypeofvirus.Itspreadsfromonepersontoanotherquickly.Whensomeonewhohastheflucoughsorsneezes,littledropletsfromtheirlungs(肺)spreadoutintotheair.Anyonenearbycangetsick.Evenapersonwhotouchessomethingwiththevirusandthentoucheshisorhermouth,eyes,ornose,canbecomeinfected(感染).Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfectedabout500millionpeopleworldwide.Itkilledfrom20millionto50millionpeople.ItwasfirstseeninEurope,theUnitedStates,andpartsofAsia.Itthenspreadquicklyaroundtheworld.Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults.Atthetime,notreatmentsworkedinthepreventionofthespreadofthekillerflu.Peoplewereorderedtowearmasks.Schools,theatersandotherpublicplaceswereclosed.Whenthefirstwave(波〉inthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious.Peoplewhowereinfectedfelttheusualflusymptoms(癥狀),whicharechills,fevers,andfeelingtired.Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied.However,asecond,highlycontagious(傳染的)waveofinfluenzaappearedinthefallofthatsameyear.Victimsdiedshortlyaftertheywereinfected—withinhoursordays.Theirskinturnedblueandtheirlungswerefilledwithliquid(液體),makingitverydifficulttobreathe.Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemic(大流行病)cametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied.Almost90yearslater,in2008,researchersannouncedthey’ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamed(使…惡化)thelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid.Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly.16．Whatinformationaboutthe1918fluismentionedinthepassage?A．Thereasonwhyitwassodeadly.B．Thereasonwhyitended.C．Thechangeitcausedtomedicalresearch.D．Theplaceinwhichitwaslastseen.17．Allthepeoplethatwereinfectedwiththe1918flu___________.A．hadblueskinthatledtotheirdeathB．hadtouchedsomeonewiththevirusC．diedastheirlungswerefilledwithliquidD．hadthevirusintheirbodiesthatmadethemsick18．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe1918fluisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Wearingamaskwasthebestwaytotreatit.B．Ayoungerpersonhadalowerriskofbeinginfectedwithit.C．Peopleexpectedthecomingofitssecondwave,butcouldn’tstopit.D．Itwasdeadlierthananyotherinfluenzapandemicinmodernhistory.Passage5（2020·青海·中考真題）Overthelastsixmonths,thecoronaviruspandemic(冠狀病毒疫情)hasaffecteddifferentcountriesandregionsindifferentways.Here,we’lltakealookatafewofthemostimportanteventsthathavehappened.ItalyshutsdownOnMarch10,theItaliangovernmentdecidedtoputthewholecountryonlockdownafterthenumberofcases(病例)inthecountrystartedincreasingquickly,peopleweresuggestednotleavingtheirhome.Thefirstcasewasdetected(檢測(cè)到)asearlyasJanuary31.Inthefollowingweeks,thenumberofcasesreachedover10,000bythetimeofthelockdown.Thelockdownaffected16millionpeopleacrossthecountry.Italywasoneofthefirstofmanycountriesthatcarriedoutlockdownstopreventthespreadofthevirus.WHOdeclarespandemicOnMarch11,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)officiallycharacterized(描述)COVID-19asapandemic.Thiswasbecauseofagrowingnumberofcasesaroundtheworld.Bythistime,thereweremorethan20,0000casesinEurope,including1,000deaths,aswellas1,000casesintheUS.SummerOlympicsdelayedOnMarch24,PresidentoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)ThomasBachannouncedthe2020SummerOlympicGames,whichwereplannedtobeheldinTokyo,wouldbedelayeduntilthefollowingyearintheinterestofprotectingpubicsafety.UShitsover1millioncasesOnApril28,theUSofficiallyrecordedoveronemillionCOVID-19casesnationwide.Thiscamejustfourdaysafteritwasannouncedthatthevirushadresultedinover50,000deathsacrossthecountry.Thevirusspreadrapidlyacrossthecountry,asthefirstcasehadbeenrecordedthreemonthsearlier.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。19．Theeventsinthepassageareallconnectedwith________.A．Italy’slockdown B．OlympicgamesC．UScases D．thecoronaviruspandemic20．InParagraph2,theunderlinedword“l(fā)ockdown”probablymeans________.A．封城 B．控制 C．關(guān)押 D．鎖定21．COVID-19wasofficiallyannouncedasapandemicbecauseit________.A．causedthelockdownsB．hadagrowingnumberofcasesintheworldC．couldresultindeathD．spreadquicklyinEurope22．2020SummerOlympicGamesinTokyowillbedelayedbecause________.A．peoplemaynotgoduringthepandemic B．thecasesinAsiaincreasedquicklyC．ithasn’tbeenwell-prepared D．it’snecessarytoprotectpublicsafety23．Ittook________forthenumberofCOVID-19casesintheUStoreachoveronemillion.A．fourdays B．twenty-eightdaysC．threemonths D．fourmonthsPassage6（2021·重慶·四川外國(guó)語大學(xué)附屬外國(guó)語學(xué)校三模）Anelderlymanvisitedadoctorandasked,“Couldyoutakealookatmywife?Herhearingisgettingworse.”Thedoctorsaid,“I’mgladtohelp.ButIdon’tknowhowbadherhearingis.Couldyougohomeanddoalittletestforme?Makesureyourwife’sbackisturnedtoyouandaskheraquestion.Ifshedoesn’tanswer,walkcloserandaskheragain.Keepdoingthisuntilsheanswersyou.”Themanwenthome.Hesawhiswifemakingdinnerwithherbacktohim.Themanasked,“What’sfordinner?”.Hiswifedidn’tanswer,sohewalkedcloserandaskedagain,“What’sfordinner?”Still,shedidn’tanswer.Thistime,hewalkedupjustbehindherandaskedonceagain,“What’sfordinner?”Hiswifeturnedaroundandsaidveryloudly,“Forthethirdtime,we’rehavingchickensoup!”24．Theoldmancametothedoctorbecause________.A．hethoughthiswifehadasorethroat B．hethoughthiswifehadbadhearingC．hethoughthecouldn’tseeanything D．hethoughthemighthaveaheadache25．Thedoctoraskedthemantogohomeand________.A．cookdinnerforhiswife B．a(chǎn)skhowhiswifefeltC．makeadinnerplan D．testhiswife’shearing26．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．theoldmanwenttothehospitalwithhiswifeB．theladydidn’tanswerhishusbandatallC．theoldmanhimselfhadtroublehearingD．thedoctoraskedtheladytosaynothingPassage7（2021·黑龍江肇源·二模）ThenumberofpeopleworldwidewhohavediedofCOVID-19haspassedonemillion,researcherssay,withmanyregions(地區(qū))stillreportingthegrowingnumber.ThereportbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityshowsthatdeathsintheUS,BrazilandIndiamakeupnearlyhalfofthat.Expertswarnthatthetruefactisprobablymuchhigher.“Yetwedon’twanttoloseeverysinglelife,”hesaidinavideomessage.“Theywerefathersandmothers,wivesandhusbands,brothersandsisters,friendsandcolleagues.Thepainhascausedsomuchserioussituationbythisdisease.”Thediseasehasspreadto195countrieswithmorethan60millionconfirmedcases.Theeconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))ofmanycountrieshasdescendedsomuchthatmillionsofworkerslosttheirjobs.Meanwhile,manycountrieshavedevelopedaneffectivevaccine(疫苗)buttheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)haswarnedthatthedeathtoll(死亡人數(shù))couldhittwomillionbeforeoneiswidelyavailable.Choosetherightansweraccordingtothepassage.27．WeknowthatthedeathintheUS,BrazilandIndiaprobablyhastakenupmorethan________inthereallife.A．10% B．30% C．50% D．40%28．Themeaningoftheword“descend”inParagraph3is________.A．improve B．reduce C．succeed D．fail29．WHOhaswarnedthatthedeathtollcouldhittwomillionbeforethe________iswidelyavailable.A．disease B．virus C．economy D．vaccine30．Whichrelationshipisn’tmentionedinParagraph2?A．Fathersandmothers. B．Wivesandhusbands.C．Sonsandfathers. D．Brothersandsisters.31．Wecanseethispassageina________.A．newspaper B．guidebook C．storybook D．sportsmagazinePassage8（2021·浙江浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Therearealotofadvantagesofbeingtallbesidesbeingabletoreachthetopshelfwithoutastepladder.Morecash?That’sright:tallmenearnmoremoney,reportsLiveScience.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsoahugedisadvantage.AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaRiverside,tallpeoplemaybemorelikelytodevelopcancer.LeonardNunney,aresearcheratUCRiverside,reviewedfourlargepopulationstudiesabouttheheightandcancer.Nunneystudiedmorethan10,000casesofcancer,andwhenhelookedattheresultgivenaperson’sheight,hefoundthatthecancerriskrisesby10percentforeveryfourinchesabovetheaverageheightapersonis-averagebeing5'4"forwomenand5'9"formen.“Ifyouwerecomparingafive-footguytoabasketballplayerwho’soversevenfeettall,thenthatbasketballplayerwouldhavearoundtwicetheriskofcanceracrosstheboard,”hesaid.Inthestudy,whichwaspublishedinProceedindsoftheRoyalSocietyB,Nunneyexplainedthatonepossiblereasonwhytallpeoplehaveanincreasedriskofcancermaybebecauseofthesimplefactthattheyhavemorecells(細(xì)胞)intheirbodies.Themorecelldivisionhappensinyou,thegreaterthechancesthatcellswillleadtotumour(腫瘤)growth.Nunneyfoundthattheconnectionbetweentheheightandcancerriskwasnearlythesamewith18outofthe23typesofcancerhetracked.Healsodiscoveredthatskincancerriskhadanunexpectedlystrongrelationshipwiththeheight.Andtallerwomenhadanincreasedriskofthyroid(甲狀腺)cancer,aswell.32．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Tallpeoplemaybemoresuccessfulinaworkplace. B．Therearemanydisadvantagesofbeingtall.C．Shortpeoplearehealthierthantallerones. D．Tallpeoplearemoreworriedaboutmoney.33．Whichmightbethereasonwhytallpeoplearemorelikelytodevelopcancer?A．Theyhavetobowtheirheadsmoreoften. B．Theircellsareweakerthanothers’.C．Thenumberoftheircellsislarger. D．Theyexerciselessbecauseoftheheight.34．Whatdoesthetexttellusabouttherelationshipbetweencancerandheight?A．Alltypesofcancerareaffectedbytheheight. B．Tallpeoplearemorelikelytohaveskincancer.C．Tallwomenareatalowerriskofdevelopingcancer. D．Theheightisthemainpartincausingcancer.35．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toadvisepeopletocontroltheheight. B．Toshowpeopleanewdiscovery.C．Tocomparetallpeoplewithshortones. D．Toasktallpeopletoseedoctors.答案第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages22頁(yè)參考答案：1．C2．D3．D4．B5．A【解析】【分析】本文主要介紹了打噴嚏或咳嗽時(shí)，不要用手捂住嘴，同時(shí)我們要經(jīng)常洗手，這樣可以防止細(xì)菌傳播，同時(shí)介紹了防止細(xì)菌傳播的其它正確方法。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourelbow,notyourhand,evenifyouareusedtodoingthat.”可知，當(dāng)打噴嚏或咳嗽時(shí)，如果你沒有紙巾，你應(yīng)該用肘部而不是手打噴嚏。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Handwashingisoneofthemostimportantthingspeoplecandotokeephealthy.”可知，洗手是人們?yōu)榱吮３纸】邓茏龅淖钪匾氖虑橹?，這樣可以阻止細(xì)菌的傳播。故選D。3．判斷正誤題。根據(jù)最后一段“Atthesametime,we'dbetterwearmasks（口罩）andoftenwashourhands.”可知，為了阻止細(xì)菌傳播，我們最好戴口罩，所以戴口罩是一種遠(yuǎn)離病菌的好方法，D選項(xiàng)表述正確。故選D。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Buthowtocoveryourmouthisveryimportant.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了防止細(xì)菌傳播的正確方法。故選B。5．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了防止細(xì)菌傳播的正確方法，屬于健康的范疇，所以應(yīng)該會(huì)在報(bào)紙的健康版面見到這篇短文。故選A。6．B7．A8．C9．C10．B【解析】【分析】文章介紹了狗利用它們靈敏的嗅覺識(shí)別癌癥的事情，并通過實(shí)例證實(shí)，由此說明狗可能對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)問題有幫助。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Dogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer(癌癥);theirnoses!”可知，狗可能擁有最新的抗癌工具是它們的鼻子，故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform?Takealookatthischarttofindout.”可推知，松樹街基金會(huì)的狗在嗅到癌癥的實(shí)驗(yàn)中首先是要接受訓(xùn)練。故選A。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Finally,thedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.”可知，狗如果嗅到了癌癥就會(huì)坐下來，故選C。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的顯示“Breathfromhealthypersons”和“NumberofTimestheDogsKeptStanding”對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)字是708，故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs’smellingpower...Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.”可知，許多專家質(zhì)疑狗的嗅覺能力。他們認(rèn)為馴狗師的行為方式可能會(huì)影響狗的行為。故選B。11．A12．C13．D14．D15．A【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文主要介紹Van-Tam一直研究流感病毒如何傳播的。他認(rèn)為，如果這類研究效果良好，研究結(jié)果將有助于決定全世界在醫(yī)院治療流感患者時(shí)需要什么樣的保護(hù)措施，或許還能減少每年死于流感的人數(shù)。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Eachyearthereareatleastfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldwhodevelopserious（流感）andalmosthalfamilliondeaths每年全世界至少有500萬人患上嚴(yán)重疾病，近50萬人死亡。可知，全世界每年至少有500萬人患上嚴(yán)重流感，故選A。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Inhiswaywecanstudywhocatchesthefluandwhichwaysoftransmittingfluareimportant以他的方法，我們可以研究誰感染了流感，哪些傳播流感的方式是重要的?？芍?，Van-Tam使用他的研究方法，是因?yàn)樗胫懒鞲惺窃趺磦鞑サ?。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Van-Tamexplainstheirmethods."Everyonelivestogetherinthesmallspaceforfourdays．Somewearfacemasks,andwashhandsevery15minutes,butsomehavenoprotection．"Van-Tam解釋了他們的方法：“每個(gè)人在這個(gè)小空間里住了四天，有些人戴著口罩，每隔15分鐘洗手一次，但有些人沒有任何保護(hù)措施?！笨芍?，一些志愿者在這個(gè)狹小的空間里戴口罩。故選D。14．詞意猜測(cè)題。最后一段perhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear也許它可以___每年死于流感的人數(shù)。根據(jù)上一句Van-Tambelievesthatifthistypeofstudyworkswelltheresultswillhelpdecidewhatprotectionpeopleneedworkinginhospitalwithflupatientsaroundtheworld．Van-Tam認(rèn)為，如果這類研究效果良好，研究結(jié)果將有助于決定世界各地的流感患者在醫(yī)院工作時(shí)需要什么樣的保護(hù)措施。可知，decline的意思應(yīng)該是“減少”死于流感的人數(shù)。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Andperhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear.也許它可以減少每年死于流感的人數(shù)?？芍?，Van-Tam教授希望他的研究能幫助減少患流感的可能性。故選A。16．A17．C18．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述1918年的流感的爆發(fā)以及它如此的致命的原因。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfected…”,“Whenthefirstwaveinthespringof1918hit,…”以及“researchersannouncedthey’ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly”可概括出文章主要介紹1918年的流感如此的致命的原因，故選A。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“whythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamedthelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid”流感病毒使肺惡化，導(dǎo)致肺充滿了液體。故選C。18．推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)戴口罩是治療的最好辦法文中沒有提到，A選項(xiàng)排除。根據(jù)“Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults”很多人生病都是年輕健康的成年人，B選項(xiàng)“更年輕的人被感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低一些”表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Whenthefirstwaveinthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious…Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied”第一波不是很嚴(yán)重，很多生病的人幾天之后都好轉(zhuǎn)了沒人死亡，以及倒數(shù)第二段“Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemiccametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied”1919年夏天流感結(jié)束，生病的人要么康復(fù)要么死了，C選項(xiàng)“人們期望第二波流感的爆發(fā)，但是不能阻止它”表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段“Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly”自從1918有其他的流感沒有一個(gè)有那樣致命?？芍痊F(xiàn)代歷史上的其他流感更致命。D選項(xiàng)表述正確。故選D。19．D20．A21．B22．D23．C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要講述了在過去的六個(gè)月，冠狀病毒疫情以不同的方式影響不同的國(guó)家和地區(qū)。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段中“Overthelastsixmonths,thecoronaviruspandemichasaffecteddifferentcountriesand