中檔題型高分練(07)閱讀理解(C、D篇)+完形填空(解析版)

中檔題型高分練（二）閱讀理解（C、D篇）+完形填空I.閱讀理解CAnewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces.ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimicked(模擬)urbanlightpollution.Inthesenow-light-pollutedfields,flowershad62percentfewernightvisitors—insectpollinators(傳粉者)—thantheflowersindarkmeadowsdid.Cabbagethistlesarethemostcommonflowersinthesemeadows.Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen(花粉)pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds).“Forthethistles,daytimepollinatorvisitsdidn’tmakeupforthislossatnight,”saysEvaKnop,anecologistattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerland.Overall,night-litplantsproducedone-eighthfewerseedsthanplantsthatgotfullnightsofdarknessdid.“Lightpollutionmightaffectawholenetworkofplantsandtheirpollinators,”Knopandhercolleaguesnowsuggest.Indeed,nightpollinationisnotjustalonelybusinessforafewspecialplants.Therearelotsoflinksbetweenproductionofpollenbynightandthatbyday.Plantswithalotofnightvisitsareoftenverybusybyday,too.Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected,whichiswhatKnopworriesabout.Thenewstudyisthefirsttoshowhowartificiallightaffectsplants’abilitytoproduceseeds.Thetestisalsounusualbecauseitconsidersallkindsofinsectpollinatorsinsteadoffocusingonlyonnight-flyinginsects.Theresearcherspaidspecialattentiontothecabbagethistle,buttheyalsomappedwhichkindsofinsectsvisitedotherplantsbydayornight.1．Whywerestreetlightsputupinthemeadows?A．Tocopylightpollution.B．Topromoteurbanization.C．Toaccelerateplantgrowth.D．Toattractinsectpollinators.2．Whatcanbeinferredaboutcabbagethistles?A．Theyattractonlynightvisitors.B．Theygrowslowlyduringthenight.C．TheyarethemostcommonSwissflowers.D．Theyrelyoninsectstohelpproduceseeds.3．Lightpollutionaffectspollinators’________.A．sightB．numbersC．growthD．foodandshelter4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Plantsattractmoreinsectsduetolightpollution.B．Night-flyinginsectsmattermorethandaytimeones.C．Lightpollutionmayaffectplants’seednumbers.D．Researchersfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.【答案】1．A

2．D

3．D

4．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夜間過多的光照會減少植物生產(chǎn)的種子數(shù)量。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ResearchersputupstreetlightsinSwissmeadows,farfromanyrealstreet.Thesetupmimickedurbanlightpollution.”（研究人員在遠(yuǎn)離真正街道的瑞士草地上架起了路燈。這個裝置模仿了城市的光污染。）可知，路燈豎立在草地上是為了模擬城市的光污染。故選A項。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fewerinsectvisitorsatnightcouldmeanlesspollen

pollinatedfromplanttoplant(thefirststepinproducingseeds).“Forthethistles,daytimepollinatorvisitsdidn’tmakeupforthislossatnight,”saysEvaKnop,anecologistattheUniversityofBerninSwitzerland.”（夜間昆蟲訪客的減少可能意味著植物間授粉的花粉減少(產(chǎn)生種子的第一步)。瑞士伯爾尼大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家伊娃·諾普說：“對于薊來說，白天授粉者的來訪并不能彌補夜間的損失?！保┛芍ハx更少可能意味著植物之間的授粉減少(授粉是結(jié)籽的第一步)，對于這種薊來說，白天授粉者的造訪并不能彌補晚上的損失，由此推斷，這種植物依靠昆蟲來幫助結(jié)籽。故選D項。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Lightatnightthatdecreasesseednumberscouldovertimemeanfewernewplants.Andfewerplantscouldmeanlessfoodandshelterfordaytimeinsects.Therefore,alotofpollinatorsworkingdayandnightshiftscouldbeaffected,whichiswhatKnopworriesabout.”（隨著時間的推移，夜晚的光線會減少種子數(shù)量，這意味著新植物的數(shù)量會減少。植物的減少意味著白天昆蟲的食物和庇護所的減少。因此，許多白班和夜班的傳粉者可能會受到影響，這是Knop擔(dān)心的事情。）可知，光污染影響傳粉者的食物和棲身之地。故選D項。4．主旨大意題。閱讀全文尤其是第一段中的“Anewstudyfindstoomuchlightatnightcancutthenumberofseedsaplantproduces”（一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夜間過多的光照會減少植物產(chǎn)生的種子數(shù)量。）可知，文章介紹了一項新研究。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)夜間過多的光照會減少植物生產(chǎn)的種子數(shù)量。C選項“光污染可以影響植物的種子數(shù)量”最符合文章主旨。故選C項。DOfficialsinNewYorkCityareusingtechnologytocutdownonnoiseoncitystreets.Camerasequippedwithradar(雷達(dá))soundcollectorsidentifyloudvehiclesinanefforttocatchdriversviolating(違反)noiserules.NewYorkofficialssayatleast71peoplehavereceivedfinesforoperatingcarsortrucksthatmaketoomuchnoise.Thecity’sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionnowhasplanstoexpandtheuseoftechnologytoenforce(強制執(zhí)行)noiserules.CityCouncilmemberErikBottchertoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)vehicleswithillegallychangedpartscanproduceextremelyloudsounds.Hesaidtheyhavebeenagrowingprobleminrecentyears.Bottchersupportstheuseofradartoreducenoiseinthecity.NewYorkCityalreadyhassomeofthestrongestrulesinthecountryaimedatlimitingnoiseoncitystreets.Ithassetpermissiblenoiselevelsforbuildingtoolsandvehicles.Thenewdevicesrecordthevehiclenumbersofoffenders,whothenreceiveaviolationnoticeinthemail.Ownersfacefinesof$800fortheirfirstnoiseoffense.Somecouldberequiredtopayupto$2,625iftheyhavethreeviolationsandignorecourthearings.TheAPsaysthereisevidencetosupporttheideathatnoiseaffectsnotonlyhearingbutalsomoodandmentalhealth.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDCP)evensaystherearepossiblelinksbetweennoiseandhigherrisksforheartdiseaseandraisedbloodpressure.However,somepeopleinthecitysaythegovernmenteffortstoquietloudvehicleshavegonetoofar.OnepersonopposedtothepolicyisPhillipFranklin,a30-year-oldcarloverfromtheBronxareaofNewYork.Helaunchedanonlineefforttoprotestnoiserules.“ThemajorityofuslivehereinNewYorkCity,wherenoiseisapartofourdailylives,”saidadocumentexplaininghiseffort.FranklinnotedthatquietvehiclescanalsopresentdangerstoinattentiveindividualswalkingaroundNewYorkCity.5．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A．Technologyiskeyinnoisereduction.B．Casesofviolatingnoiserulesarereduced.C．Morepeoplewillbepunishedforloudvehicles.D．Theeffortstoidentifyloudvehiclesseemedinvain.6．WhatisaconcernaccordingtoBottcher?A．Thewideuseofradar. B．Increasingloudvehicles.C．Thesettingofnoiselevels. D．Illegallychangedvehicles.7．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?A．Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.B．Toprovidesomeproofforthepolicy.C．Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.D．Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.8．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthetext?A．NewYorkersareallusedtoloudnoise.B．Notallpeopleapproveofthenoiserules.C．Noisehasnothingtodowithhighbloodpressure.D．Quietvehicleswillcausesafetyproblems.【答案】5．C

6．D

7．B

8．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紐約市出臺的新政：利用雷達(dá)技術(shù)探測噪音大的車輛并進行罰款，以此來控制城市車輛噪音。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thecity’sDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionnowhasplanstoexpandtheuseoftechnologytoenforce(強制執(zhí)行)noiserules.(該市環(huán)境保護部現(xiàn)在計劃擴大技術(shù)的使用，以執(zhí)行噪音規(guī)定)”可推知，擴大使用雷達(dá)探測范圍意味著的更多的人將因車輛噪音大而受到懲罰。故選C項。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“CityCouncilmemberErikBottchertoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)vehicleswithillegallychangedpartscanproduceextremelyloudsounds.Hesaidtheyhavebeenagrowingprobleminrecentyears.(市議會成員埃里克·博特徹告訴美聯(lián)社，非法更換零部件的車輛會發(fā)出非常大的聲音。他說，近年來，這是一個日益嚴(yán)重的問題)”可知，Bottcher擔(dān)憂的是車輛的非法改裝。故選D項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheAPsaysthereisevidencetosupporttheideathatnoiseaffectsnotonlyhearingbutalsomoodandmentalhealth.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDCP)evensaystherearepossiblelinksbetweennoiseandhigherrisksforheartdiseaseandraisedbloodpressure.(美聯(lián)社表示，有證據(jù)表明噪音不僅會影響聽力，還會影響情緒和心理健康。美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(CDCP)甚至表示，噪音與心臟病和血壓升高的高風(fēng)險之間可能存在聯(lián)系)”可推知，本段旨在提供政府控制車輛噪音的醫(yī)學(xué)依據(jù)。故選B項。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“However,somepeopleinthecitysaythegovernmenteffortstoquietloudvehicleshavegonetoofar.(然而，該市一些人表示，讓噪音車輛安靜下來的努力太過了)”可知，有人認(rèn)為政府舉動過頭，這說明并不是所有人都贊成這項噪音新政。故選B項。II.完形填空Withintwoyearsoffirstshowingsignsofmemoryloss,PeterMarshallhadtogiveupworkasearlyonsetAlzheimer’sbegantotakehold.HiswifeLisastartedablogcalled“OhHelloAlzheimer’s”tohelphercopewiththeprogressive____9____ofherhusband'sfadingmemory.Iget____10____everydayfrompeoplesaying,‘Thankyou—nowIdon’tfeelsoalone’,”shesaid.Asthedisease____11____,Peter’smemory____12____fadedandhebegantorefertoLisaashis"favouriteperson”.Then,onedaylastyear,theywerewatchingawedding____13____ontelevisionwhenPetersuddenlylookedathiswifeandsaid,“Let’sdoit!”“Well,OK,weshouldgetmarriedthen,”shetoldhim.Thenextday,____14____,Peterappearedtohaveforgottenallaboutit.Still,withthe20th____15____oftheirweddingapproachingthisyear,theideaseemedtomakesensetoLisainthefaceofherhusband’srapid____16____.Sarah,Lisa’sdaughterfromamarriagebeforeshemetPeter,helpedorganizetheevent.

“Iknewthatmystepdad,whoIamveryclosewith,wastherethroughsomeofthe____17____timesofmylife.”WhenLisajoinedherhusbandto____18____vowsforthesecondtime,hisdelightwasclearforalltosee.“Itwasjustmagical—straightoutofa____19____.”shesaid.Themusic____20____thethemeoftheday:asaxophonistplayedUnforgettableasLisawalkeddowntheaisle.“Therewasn’tadryeye,andIwas____21____.”Lisasaid.“Ihadn’tseenPeterthathappyinalongtime.”Astheydancedwhileguests____22____.Lisasaidherhusband____23____afewwordsinherear.“Thankyouforstaying,”hesaid.9．A．dilemma B．problem C．challenge D．trouble10．A．messages B．letters C．mails D．comments11．A．a(chǎn)ppeared B．worsened C．emerged D．strengthened12．A．formally B．eventually C．desperately D．instantly13．A．scene B．event C．situation D．spot14．A．but B．instead C．however D．therefore15．A．year B．ceremony C．celebration D．a(chǎn)nniversary16．A．decline B．reduction C．drop D．disappearance17．A．happiest B．saddest C．toughest D．brightest18．A．speak B．exchange C．swear D．express19．A．fairytale B．story C．drama D．show20．A．played B．reflected C．equaled D．matched21．A．inthesky B．overthemoon C．overthesky D．intheair22．A．lookedat B．movedaround C．lookedon D．cheeredup23．A．told B．uttered C．conveyed D．whispered【答案】9．C

10．A

11．B

12．C

13．A

14．C

15．D

16．A

17．C

18．B

19．A

20．D

21．B

22．C

23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。丈夫Peter因阿爾茨海默癥逐漸失去記憶，妻子在博客上記錄他們的生活。在重現(xiàn)他們的婚禮場景中，妻子Lisa感到，雖然丈夫逐漸失去記憶，但是他們之間的愛一直存在。【詳解】1.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的妻子麗莎開設(shè)了一個名為“哦，你好，阿爾茨海默氏癥”的博客，以幫助她應(yīng)對丈夫逐漸衰退的記憶帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。A.dilemma兩難；B.problem問題；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.trouble麻煩。根據(jù)“husbandsfadingmemory.”可知，Lisa開了博客，幫助自己應(yīng)對丈夫記憶消退所產(chǎn)生的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。2.

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“我每天都收到人們的留言說，‘謝謝你，現(xiàn)在我不覺得那么孤單了’?！?。A.messages信息；B.letters信件；C.mails郵件；D.comments評論。

根據(jù)“saying,‘Thankyou—nowIdon’tfeelsoalone’,”可知，麗莎每天都會收到很多的消息。故選A。3.

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著病情的惡化，彼得的記憶力嚴(yán)重衰退，他開始稱麗莎是他“最喜歡的人”。A.

appeared出現(xiàn)；B.worsened惡化；C.emerged浮現(xiàn)；D.strengthened加強。根據(jù)“hebegantorefertoLisaashis‘favouriteperson’.”可知，彼得病情惡化。故選B。4.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著病情的惡化，彼得的記憶力嚴(yán)重衰退，他開始稱麗莎是他“最喜歡的人”A.formally正式地；B.eventually最后；C.desperately絕望地、嚴(yán)重地；D.instantly馬上。根據(jù)“hebegantorefertoLisaashis‘favouriteperson’.”可知，彼得的記憶力嚴(yán)重衰退。故選C。5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，去年的一天，他們正在看電視上的婚禮場景，A.scene場景；B.event事件；C.situation情況；D.spot地點。根據(jù)“‘Well,OK,weshouldgetmarriedthen,’shetoldhim.”可知，他們在電視上看到一個婚禮場景。故選A。6.

考查連詞/副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，第二天，彼得似乎把這事全忘了。A.but但是；B.instead代替；C.however然而；D.therefore因此。根據(jù)“Peterappearedtohaveforgottenallaboutit.”可知，前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，空后有逗號，用連接副詞however。故選C。7.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，今年是他們結(jié)婚20周年紀(jì)念，面對丈夫記憶的迅速衰退，麗莎似乎覺得這個想法是合理的。A.year年；B.ceremony儀式；C.celebration慶祝；D.anniversary周年紀(jì)念。根據(jù)“oftheirwedding”可知，他們20周年結(jié)婚紀(jì)念來臨。故選D。8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管如此，今年是他們結(jié)婚20周年紀(jì)念，面對丈夫記憶的迅速衰退，麗莎似乎覺得這個想法是合理的。A.decl