2019屆泰安專版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用題型四閱讀理解講義

泰安題型四閱讀理解說(shuō)明文體裁閱讀理解中說(shuō)明文(尤其是科技類說(shuō)明文)，因生詞多、信息量大、難理解，是考生經(jīng)常做錯(cuò)的題目。主旨大意題考生由于不會(huì)把握文章的主旨大意，所以閱讀理解中關(guān)于概括文章主旨大意、作者寫(xiě)作意圖類的題目考生會(huì)經(jīng)常觸雷。一、閱讀理解“三步定位法”第一步看題干，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞先看問(wèn)題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，猜測(cè)文章大意。第二步讀文章，一次定位找原文帶著關(guān)鍵詞快速通讀全文，畫(huà)出與題干內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞匯和句子，并在腦海中形成篇章結(jié)構(gòu)圖。第三步回看題，連線解讀定答案細(xì)讀題干、選項(xiàng)，針對(duì)已畫(huà)出的原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行二次定位，精準(zhǔn)連線，鎖定答案。二、具體解題技巧1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目，考查對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但所占比例最大，一般占總分值的60%～85%。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：用what,where,which,why,who,how等疑問(wèn)詞進(jìn)行提問(wèn)；用accordingto...開(kāi)頭，后接短文具體內(nèi)容；用動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)、介賓結(jié)構(gòu)或系表結(jié)構(gòu)等的設(shè)題方式；以．..because的提問(wèn)方式設(shè)題等。解答這類題要學(xué)會(huì)以下技巧：(1)如果所提問(wèn)題是文章中現(xiàn)成的內(nèi)容可直接搜尋；(2)細(xì)讀文章的第一段或前幾句，注意每段的開(kāi)頭句和結(jié)尾句；(3)重視結(jié)尾段，作者一般會(huì)在結(jié)尾段作出總結(jié)，表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。(溫州中考)IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfather'swordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,FairtimeandWinter！”Atthattime,aweek-longfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.?Thousandsofpeoplecametothetownto

atthefair.A．enjoyGrandma'sfoodB．sellandbuythingsC．learntocookD．haveabigparty【解析】B由本段第三句話可知，數(shù)千人來(lái)到小鎮(zhèn)是為了在集市上買(mǎi)賣(mài)東西，故選B。2．推理判斷題一般說(shuō)來(lái)主要有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理判斷；對(duì)某個(gè)問(wèn)題或某一部分的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的推理判斷；對(duì)作者在整篇文章中的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和寫(xiě)作意圖的推理判斷。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...；(2)Wecanlearnformthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...;(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...；(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...;(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...;(6)Attheendofthepassagethewritersuggests...；(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...；(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...(山西中考)Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing？”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallthewaythroughtheearth！”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis

．A．sillyB．strictC．friendlyD．strong-minded【解析】A由本段倒數(shù)第二句可知，那些年紀(jì)大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，說(shuō)他不可能完成那件事，由此可推斷，他們覺(jué)得小男孩很愚蠢，故選A。3．詞義猜測(cè)題該題型要求在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合理猜測(cè)。做題時(shí)可結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)法及相關(guān)知識(shí)積累進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。Aserioussandstorm(沙塵暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.?Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A．信封 B．遮蓋C．刮走 D．灰塵【解析】B由前面可知，沙塵暴襲擊了北京，再結(jié)合句法可知envelop在此是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；再結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可判斷，此處envelop是表示“遮蓋”之意，故選B。4．主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)短文整體的理解概括能力。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：(1)Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage？；(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...；(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？；(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...；(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?解答該類題目時(shí)可注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)有標(biāo)題的文章，要從標(biāo)題開(kāi)始閱讀，因?yàn)闃?biāo)題常是文章的主題；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章會(huì)在段首或段尾給出全文主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，建議最后做此類題目，因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}目后，自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章主旨有一定的把握；(4)留心關(guān)鍵詞，抓住文章主旨，關(guān)鍵詞即文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞。Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudents'library,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheckhomeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudents'parentsthroughe-mail.?What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．Computerswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudents'parentsthroughe-mail.【解析】A第一句為中心句，后面是對(duì)其擴(kuò)展和論述，故選A。5．?dāng)?shù)字推算題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的數(shù)據(jù)以及內(nèi)在關(guān)系做出簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIlefts