紅寶書20必考詞20第二節(jié)20練習題及答案詳解

考研英語詞匯（必考詞+基礎詞+超綱詞）練習題及答案詳解必考詞第二節(jié)（Unit8——Unit14；第50頁——98頁）練習一：詞匯與搭配1．Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyyear,yetsheseemstobeacquainted______everyonewhocomestothestore.2．YourfluencyinEnglishgivesyouanadvantagetheothercandidatesforthejob.4．Hiseffortstobringaboutareconcileactionbetweenthetwopairtiescame.5Peoplewhorefusetocomplythelawwillbepunished.6．Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsideredindependentlyeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.8．Thetravelerssoughtsheltertherainandhappenedtofindaroadsidetofindaroadsideinn.9．Ifyoupersistcausingtroubles,thecompanywillhavetodismissyou.10．Really,sheseemedembarrassedwhenherpartnermadeaspectacle_______himselfonthedancefloorlastnight.11．ThemonumentwaserectedmemoryofthepeoplewhodevotedtheirlivestothecauseofCommunism.練習二：詞匯辨析1．Underthe__confrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeanylonger.[A]surroundings[B]settings[C]circumstances[D]environments2．Thepicture__myschooldaystomymind.[A]recalled[B]reminded[C]remembered[D]recollected3．Thetwooilcompa es[A]mixed[B]mingled[C]merged[D]messed4．Theblackclouds __rain.[A]indicated[B]hinted[C]suggested[D]meant5．Farmingdemands forecastsoftheweather.[A]precise[B]correct[C]accurate[D]exact6．Americancompaniesareevolvingfrommass‐productionmanufacturingto_____enterprises.[A]moveable[B]changing[C]flexible[D]varying7．Hehavingbeenfrightened.[A]acknowledged[B]confessed[C]recognized[D]admitted8．Mycameracanbe[A]adapted[B]adjusted[C]adopted[D]remediedtotakepicturesincloudyorsunnyconditions.9．Pleasemeonthatsubject.[A]enlighten[B]acquaint[C]inform[ ]instructD10．Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits.[A]boundaries[B]limitations[C]confinements[D]restraints11．Atranslationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.[A]literal[B]liberal[C]literate[D]literary12．Thenewhotelbuiltafewmonthsagoislargeenoughtoovertwohundredpeople.[A]contain[B]hold[C]provide[D]accommodate13．Doyoulikethisofcoffee？[A]trademark[B]sign[C]mark[D]brand14．Withtheintroductionoftechnology,informationflowsfasterthaniteverdid.[A]involved[B]complicated[C]sophisticated[D]complex15．energymustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.[A]Gathered[B]Collected[C]Accumulated[D]Assembled16．Havingfailedinthemathematicsexamination,Tomfeelsvery_.[A]oppressed[B]suppressed[C]depressed[D]compressed17．Thedescriptionofwhathappensinlearningprocessissometimestoo.[A]complextounderstand[B]difficulttobeunderstood[C]complicatedtounderstand[D]complicatedenoughtounderstand18．Thisisapictureofmyhouse.Intheyoucanseethemountains.[A]residence[B]setting[C]environment[D]sightseeing19．Withpricessomuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.[A]fluctuating[B]waving[C]swinging[D]vibrating20．Ifyourknowledgecanbeinsomewaywithmyexperiences,wearesuretosucceed.[A]joined[B]united[C]connected[D]combined練習三：英語知識運用1．Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomecommentatorswereabletobeequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someoftheexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto themselvestothenewmediumwerettechnical.[A]turn[B]adapt[C]alter[D]modify2．Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood,insteadofeatingifraw,livedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasorwherehelived.Wedoknow,however,thatforthousandsofyears,foodwasalwayseatencoldand.[A]raw[B]crude[C]dry[D]fresh3．Whotalksmore,womenormen?Theseeminglycontradictoryevidenceis_______bythedifferencewhatIcallpublicandprivatespeaking.Moremenfeelcomfortabledoing“publicspeaking,”whilemorewomenfeelcomfortabledoing“private”speaking.Anotherwayofcapturingthesedifferencesisbyusingthetermsreport‐talkandrapport(協(xié)調(diào)關系)‐talk.[A]compromised[B]reckoned[C]reinforced[D]reconciled4．Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safetypaysoff.Thefewertheinjury,thebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingataprofitorataloss.[A]claims[B]reports[C]declarations[D]proclamations5．ToEdwardHalltheprincipaldifferencebetweenculturesiswhethertheyaremonochromicorpolychromic.Inmonochromiccultures(UnitedStates,NorthernEurope)peopledothingsonebyone.Theyfollowschedulesbecausetimecanbesquanderedorsaved.Promptnessisessential,andonewhoislatehaagraveoffense.[A]made[B]committed[C]done[D]taken6．Thepurposeofnon‐REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthoseforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnonREMsleep.[A]maintained[B]described[C]settled[D]afforded7．Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsareeverywhereandmodernindustrydeliberatelysetsouttocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedayswhenindustrialgoodsaremadetolastforever.Thewheelsofindustrymustbekeptturning.[A]desirable[B]desirous[C]desired[D]desiring8.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyjuvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check[D]reflect9．Consequently,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinnaturalfoods:foodswhichdonotcontainadditivesandwhichhavenotbeenbychemicalfertilizerswidelyusedinfarmingtoday.[A]effected[B]interfered[C]disturbed[D]affected10．Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andsometimesnitrogen.Theyaredifferentinthattheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminbeenoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays[D]performs11．Whenwegrowolderenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofthemoneyweearn.Wespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwithourneighbors,theJoneses.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,Jonesistobuyabiggerandbetterone.[A]bound[B]destined[C]doomed[D]determined12．TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureandthefoodindustrysalesstatisticsandkeepaccuraterecords.Thisinformationtellsuswhatpeopleareeatingandtheirchangesinattitudesandtastes.[A]gather[B]accumulate[C]compile[D]compare13．Findingwaystoassistthisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda________thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywanderingthestreet.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house14．Oncemanbegantoraisehisownanimals,hedidnothavetogooutandhuntforhismeat.And,sincehedidnothavetomovefromoneplacetoanotherhuntingforfood,manwasabletodownandliveinoneplace.[A]calm[B]get[C]come[D]settle15．Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathavenumerouscraftsmenarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Furthermore,wealthalsoproduceswealth.[A]skillful[B]skilled[C]capable[D]shrewd16．Anewcomputersystemhasbeendesignedtostopshipssinking.Thegreaterdangertoholedvesselisthatfloodingofitscompartmentswillmaketheshipunstableenoughtocapsize.Itisestimatedthatnearlyhalftheshipslostduringthesecondworldwarcapsizedbecauseoflossofstability.PacerSystemsofBurlington.Massachusetts,hasnowrefinedasystembyareserveUSNavyofficer,StephenDrabvouski,whicheffectivelysecondguessestheship.[A]owned[B]searched[C]captured[D]devised練習四：語法與詞匯1．TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently________whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.A.givingB.gaveC.togiveD.given2．Today,_________majornewproductswithoutconductingelaboratemarketresearch.A.corporationshardlyintroduceeverB.corporationshardlyeverintroduceC.hardlycorporationsintroduceeverD.hardlycorporationseverintroduce3．IfIcorrectsomeone,I'lldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandself‐restraintasifIweretheone_________.A.tocorrectB.correctingC.havingcorrectedD.beingcorrected4．ADreamoftheRedChamberisad________intodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade.A.tohavebeentranslatedB.tobetranslatedC.totranslateD.tohavetranslated5．_________,amanwhoexpresssehimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecmmandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingstobeequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingsbeingequal6．Theresidents,_________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes7．"Thelecturerwasatallthinmanwithwhitehair.""Thenit_________Dr.Firldbecauseheisshortandfat.It___Dr.Jones;heisthin."A.can’tbe..mustbeB.couldn’thavebeen...mighthavebeenC.mustbe...can'tbeD.can'thavebeen...musthavebeen8．Myfamily_________veryinterestedinplayingbowls,which_________verymuchinfashionnow.A.is...isB.are...areC.is...areD.are...is9．Oneofthepropertiesoflightis_________travelinginwaveformasitgoesfromoneplacetoanother.A.itB.it’sC.itsD.their10．Themigratorybirdsusethesamenestsyearafteryear,_________newmaterialeachtime.A.andwilladdB.toaddC.whichareaddedD.adding11．Thebusinessofeachday,_________sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.A.itbeingB.beitC.wasitD.itwas答案及詳解練習一1．be/get/becomeacquaintedwithsb./sth.“知道，熟悉”。句意：格林小姐雖然在這個鎮(zhèn)子只住了一年，然而似乎每個來店鋪的人她都認識似的。2．haveanadvantageover表示“比……具有優(yōu)勢”，為固定搭配。3．charge“控告，指控”，其用法為：chargesb.withsth.因某事而控告某人。4．comeoff“成功，奏效，達到預期效果”。句意：他試圖使雙方達成和解的努力奏效了。5．comply表示“遵從；服從”，后接with。句意：拒不遵紀守法的人終究會受到懲罰。6．independently“獨立地”，后接 of。句意：語言、文化、性格在思維上（思想上）可以分別給予考慮，但在實際生活中卻不是這樣，是分不開的。7．beguiltyof犯有……罪；beguiltyfor因……而內(nèi)疚8．shelter“掩蔽；庇護”。用做動詞時常說shelter(sb.)fromsth.“躲避……，庇護……，使免受……”。做名詞時常用搭配是seek/takeshelterfrom“躲避（風雨、災禍等）”，還有一個常用的介詞短語under(the)shelterof“在…的掩護下”。用于原義時shelter常帶定冠詞，如：undertheshelterofanumbrella。用于比喻意義時一般不用定冠詞，如undershelterofone’sposition。9．persistin(with)指堅持，持續(xù)做某事，常用于貶義。句意：如果你要惹麻煩的話，公司就只好把你開除了。10．makeaspectacleof“出洋相”。11．inmemoryof“為紀念……”。練習二1．circumstances（一般用復數(shù)）指某事或動作發(fā)生時的“情況”。常與under 或in連用，表示“在……情況下”。[A]surroundings（一定用復數(shù)）指“周圍事物”，“環(huán)境”。如：familiarsurroundings熟悉的環(huán)境；[B]setting常指“背景，環(huán)境”。如：Romeisthesettingofthestory.故事以羅馬為背景。[D]environment則表示環(huán)繞著某一特定的人或物并對其產(chǎn)生某種影響的“環(huán)境”。如：Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment.孩子需要一個愉快的家庭環(huán)境。2．recall“使回憶起，回想，想起”；[D]recollect“回憶，回想”。這兩個詞做“回想，回憶”解時是同義詞，如果主語是人可以互換。recall還可以以事物做主語，表示“使回憶起”，recollect無此用法。[B]remind“使回憶起，使記起，提醒”，以人做賓語，必須說remindsb.ofsth./todosth.。3．merge“結(jié)合；合并”，強調(diào)通過合并的各部分合為一體，融合在一起往往無法加以辨別；也可指企業(yè)或公司的合并。[A]mix“混合;攙和”；[B]mingle“相混；交織”，通常表示那些混合在一起的各個成分是可以區(qū)別開來的，如：Shehadmingledfeelingsofjoyandsorrow.4．indicate此處意為“通過某種跡象預示、表明”；[B]hint“暗示，提升”，指通過微妙、含蓄的方式進行的揭示；[C]suggest指沒有直截了當說出、但含有某種意思的“暗示”，接近imply；[D]mean“意思是……，意味著……”。5．a(chǎn)ccurate“準確的，無誤的”。[A]precise“精密的，精確的”；[D]exact“精密的，準確的”；precise,correct,exact都不用來形容天氣預報。6．flexible“靈活的，可變通的”，與mass‐production相對。句意：美國公司正在從大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)向靈活多變的企業(yè)發(fā)展。[A]moveable“活動的，可移動的”；[B]changing“變化的”；[D]varying“變化的”。7．a(chǎn)cknowledge 指公開承認隱瞞或否認過的事。句意：他承認受了驚嚇。[B]confess通常指自愿服罪或認錯，如：Heconfessedthathehadstolenthemoney.他承認曾偷過錢。[C]recognize指正式承認主權、權利等，如：Theyrefusedtorecognizethecountry’sindependence.他們拒絕正式承認這個國家的獨立；[D]admit則指在外界或自己良心的壓力下承認，如：Theaccusedmanadmittedhisguilt.被告承認了他的罪行。8．a(chǎn)djust“調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整”，adjustacamera表示“調(diào)節(jié)照相機的速度、距離或光圈”等。句意：我的照相機可以進行調(diào)節(jié)，不管陰天還是晴天都可以照相。[A]adapt“使適應”，如：Canyouadaptyourselftothenewconditions?你能使自己適應新的情況嗎？[C]adopt“采取、采用”，如：Ithoughtyourideawasagoodone,soIadoptedit.我認為你的意見很好，所以就采納了。[D]remedy“糾正”，如：Yourfaultsofpronunciationcanberemedied.你的發(fā)音缺陷是可以糾正的。9．句意：請幫助我弄明白那一問題。[A]enlighten與[D]instruct同義，意為“指導，教導”，但搭配不同。enlightensb.onsth.“教導某人某事，使某人明白某事”；instructsb.insth.“教導某人某事”。[B]acquaint用于短語acquaintsb.with“使某人知道，使某人熟悉”；[C]inform用于短語informsb.ofsth.“告知某人某事”。10．limitation“缺點，局限性”，相當于shortcoming。句意：盡管計算機有許多優(yōu)點，但絕非沒有局限性。[A]boundary“邊界，分界線”；[C]confinement“限制”，為不可數(shù)名詞；[D]restraint“限制，限制者，束縛物”。11．literal“文字的，字面的”，aliteraltranslation直譯。句意：直譯未必最接近原義。這組詞的拼寫很相似，要注意其拼寫上的細微差別。[B]liberal“慷慨的，大方的，開明的”；[C]literate“識字的，有文化的”；[D]literary“文學（上）的”。12．a(chǎn)ccommodate指（旅館等）能為（多少旅客）提供住處（或膳宿），也指（交通工具）能搭載（多少乘客）。[A]contain和[B]hold用于：（容器）能容納（多少物品）；（建筑物）可容納（多少觀眾、聽眾等）。[C]provide“提供”，其結(jié)構為providesb.withsth.或providesth.forsb.。13．trademark和brand用漢語來表述，都有“商標”之意，其實，它們含義不同。[A]trademark是商家選用的用來標明自己的商品的一個單詞、符號、圖案，或者是這些東西的任意組合，使自己的商品與其他人的商品區(qū)別開來。[D]brand一般被認為指一類確定的、通常是著名的商品，可表述為“品牌”，如：apopularbrandofbeer。[C]mark和[B]sign，都有“標志，標志”之意，mark特指印刷或書寫的符號、標志或標簽；sign 指代表某物的符號，如：mathematicalsigns,eg.+，‐，×，÷。除此之外，sign還有“招牌，指示牌”的意思，如：trafficsigns,ashop‐sign。1314．這一組詞均含“復雜的”之意。[C]sophisticated的復雜，側(cè)重點在精密、先進，也就是我們所謂的高、精、尖。[D]complex的復雜含有使人糊涂之意；[B]complicated理論上要比complex還復雜，但不包括confusing的內(nèi)涵；[A]involved源自其動詞involve，指因牽扯面廣而引起的復雜，帶有我們說的盤根錯節(jié)的意味。15．a(chǎn)ccumulate 指點點滴滴長時期地積聚，其重心在積聚起來的整體，而不在一個一個的個體。[A]gather，[B]collect和[D]assemble均有一件一件收集的內(nèi)涵，但assemble僅能指人員，所以中文為“召集”。16．depressed“情緒低落的，憂郁的，消沉的”，feeldepressed悶悶不樂的。[A]oppressed“被壓抑的，被壓迫的”，如：theoppressedpeople被壓迫人民；[B]suppressed“被抑制的，被忍住的”，如：suppressedemotion被壓抑的情緒；[D]compressed“壓縮過的，（文字）簡練的”，如：compressedair壓縮空氣。17．Complex與complicated區(qū)別：complex=madeupofparts,difficulttounderstandorexplain由許多部分組成，難以理解的，復雜的，如：acomplicatedproblem一道難題。18．setting“環(huán)境；背景”，用來指為了突出某個主體而存在的背景、環(huán)境。[C]environment“環(huán)境”，指我們所處的自然界的事態(tài)環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境；[A]residence“住宅，住處”；[D]sightseeing“觀光”，明顯都不合句意。19．fluctuate“波動”，指無形的東西，如：水平、特性、價格等，在with獨立結(jié)構中說明prices“物價”，語義搭配貼切。句意：由于價格波動太厲害，公司很難計劃預算。[B]wave“揮動，飄動”，指有形的東西，如“旗幟、樹枝”等；[C]swing“擺動”，指從一邊向另一邊，或成曲線運動；[D]vibrate“振動”，指物體、弦、聲音等。20．combine“結(jié)合，聯(lián)合”，常指兩個或多個非物質(zhì)事物相互融合，如：combineyourknowledgewithmyexperiences把你的知識與我的經(jīng)驗結(jié)合起來。[A]join“連接，聯(lián)合”，強調(diào)原來是分離著的東西，現(xiàn)在連接并合為一體；[B]unite“使（聯(lián)合），（使）結(jié)合”，強調(diào)聯(lián)合后形成新的整體，統(tǒng)一目標，統(tǒng)一行動；[C]connect“連接，聯(lián)系”，指兩個不同的、分離著的事物在某一點上相互接觸，但各自仍保持原有的特性及獨立性。練習三1．a(chǎn)daptto“適應”。[C]alter(改變)和[D]modify(修改)不可與to搭配，可排除。[A]turnto(求助于)不符合“收音機評論員試著適應電視這一新的媒體”這句話的意思。2．raw“生的”。[C]dry“干燥的”；[B]crude“天然的，生的”，指未經(jīng)提煉的，如：crudeoil原油；[D]fresh“新的，新鮮的”。3．reconcile“使（似有分歧的目標、說法、意見等）一致，和諧”，符合“這種似乎矛盾的證據(jù)與我所說的公共談話和私下談話的差別是一致的”。[A]compromise“妥協(xié)，折中”；[B]reckon“認為（某人，某事物）是……”；[C]reinforce“加強”。4．claim“（要求保險公司賠償?shù)模┛铐棧嘿r償，如：putin/makeaclaimfordamages提出損害賠償要求。[B]report“報告”：[C]declaration“宣言，宣告”；[D]proclamation“宣言，聲明”。5．commit“犯錯誤，干壞事”，符合文意。最后一句意思是“做事敏捷是最重要的，遲到的人是對別人的嚴重冒犯。6．本題測試語義搭配。句中提到在某次會議上“講述”的試驗，故選described最為貼切。[A]maintain“主張；維持”，[C]settle“解決”和[D]afford“擔負得起；供給”，均不符合上下文的邏輯搭配。7．desirable“令人渴望的，稱心的”，符合文意。[B]desirous“渴望的，想要的”，常用于某人想要某物。如：Wearedesirousofpeace.我們渴望和平。[C]desired“被渴望的”；[D]desiring“渴望的”。8．前文的Changesinthesocialstructure對于juvenilecrimerates自然有“影響”。[A]affect“影響，作用”，符合題意。[B]reduce“減少”。[C]check“檢查，校對”也可以作“抑制，阻止”。[D]reflect“反射，反映”。9．自然食品不受當今農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中廣泛使用的化肥的影響。所以[D]affect“影響，產(chǎn)生作用”是正確答案。[A]effect“結(jié)果，效果”；[B]interfere“干預，妨礙”；[C]disturb“打擾”。10．根據(jù)句意，所選項要有“起作用”的含義。四個選項中，只有[D]perform“執(zhí)行，履行”與function相搭配，意為“起作用”。[A]undertake“著手，承擔”；[B]hold“抓住，掌握”；[C]play常和part或role搭配，也可表達“起作用”之意。11．beboundtodosth.肯定要做某事，符合文意，最后一句意為“如果我們買了一臺新電視機，我們的鄰居肯定會買一臺更大、更好的電視機?！盵B]bedestinedtodosth.“命中注定要做某事”，如：Theyweredestinedtonevertomeetagain.他們命中注定再也無緣相遇了。[C]bedoomedtosth./todosth.“注定要做某事”， 通常用于不好的事情， 如：Arewhalesdoomedtoextinction?鯨魚注定是要滅絕的嗎？[D]bedeterminedtodosth.決定要做某事。12．compile指搜集資料，有時也指編輯字典。而[A]gather只是收集起來；