答案（第二版）國際商貿(mào)英語

國際商貿(mào)英語（答案）（第2版）Chapter1Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.自給自足(self-sufficient)經(jīng)濟(jì)資源(economicresource)直接出口(directexport)批發(fā)(wholesale)海外市場(overseasmarket）間接進(jìn)口(indirectimport)比較優(yōu)勢理論(thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage)制成品(finishedgoods)可供出口的產(chǎn)品(productsavailableforexport)關(guān)稅(tariff)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.visibletrade(有形貿(mào)易)directimport（直接進(jìn)口）invisibletrade（無形貿(mào)易）indirectexport（間接出口）exportagent（出口代理）foreignmanufacturing（國外制造）retailing（零售）rawmaterial（原材料）consumerproducts（消費品）quota（配額）Chapter2Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.發(fā)盤（offer）可撤消的（revocable）仲裁（arbitration）商務(wù)談判（businessnegotiation）虛盤（offerwithoutengagement/non-firmoffer）失效（invalid/lapse）實盤（offerwithengagement/firmoffer）合同（contract）撤回（revoke/withdraw）發(fā)盤人（offeror/offerer）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.acceptance（接受）specifications（規(guī)格）document（單證）expirydate（到期日）procedure（程序）confirmation(確認(rèn))subjecttopriorsale（按原價）salesconfirmation（成交確認(rèn)書）MT（公噸）transaction（交易）Chapter3Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.國際商會（InternationalChamberofCommerce）指定地點（namedplace）出口清關(guān)（clearthegoodsforexport）交貨地點（placeofdelivery）承運人（carrier）由……付款（fortheaccountof…）保險范圍（insurancecoverage）承擔(dān)（bear/undertake）增值稅（valueaddedtax/VAT）集裝箱（container）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.CIP（運費、保險費付至…）FCA（貨交承運人）CPT（運費付至…）EXW（工廠交貨）CFR（成本加運費）FAS（船邊交貨）CIF（成本加保險費，運費）DAP（在指定目的地交貨）FOB（裝運港船上交貨）DAT（在指定目的地或目的港集散站交貨）Chapter4Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishRegisteredcapitalLiquidcapitalTradedirections OverseasChamberofCommercePubliccorporation(state-operatedcorporation) FinancialaffairsPricelist(P/L) BusinesstrustworthinessⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese中華人民共和國商務(wù)部 保兌行經(jīng)營范圍聯(lián)絡(luò)辦公室海外商會注冊資本信用地位（股份）有限公司Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsWhatisthesignificanceofestablishingbusinessrelations?Toestablishbusinessrelationsistochooseprospectivepartners.Forboththestart-upandoldfirms,withthedesiretoexpanditsbusinessscopeandturnover,establishingbusinessrelationsistheinitialstepandalsoavitallyimportantundertakinginthefieldofforeigntrade.Ifrightpartnersaredeveloped,newbusinesseswillbestartedandenhanced,orelsegreatlosseswillbeincurred.Whatchannelscanweusetoobtainthenamesandaddressesofthecorporationsthatwewanttodobusinesswith?Generalinformationaboutthetargetcompanycanbeobtainedfromthefollowingchannels:Self-introductionorintroductionfromhisbusinessconnections;Fromforeigntradecorporationsinthesameline;Bankswithparticularinterestinthisterritory;ChambersofCommerceathomeandabroad;TheEconomicandCommercialCounselor’sOfficeoftheEmbassyofthePeople'sRepublicofChinainforeigncountries;FromMOFCOM(MinistryofCommerceofthePeople'sRepublicofChina)anditsprovincialcommittees;Yourbranchofficesabroad;Tradedirectories;Fairs,exhibitionsandexpositionheldbothathomeandabroad;Publications,likePublicCommerceInformationService,publishedbytheMinistryofCommerce,P.R.China;Advertisementsinnewspapers,magazinesoronTV;TheInternet;Whataretheguidelinesinwritingbusinessletters?Theletterofestablishingbusinessrelationsisbasedonequalityandmutualbenefitsandthewritingpurposeistoobtainthegoodimpression.Onconsideringthat,thelettershouldbewritteninasincere,cordialandconsideratetone.Herearesomeguidelines:Thelettershouldbesimple,clearandnottoolong.Trytoavoidgrammaticalerrors.Theinformationyouofferinthelettershouldbeconcreteandcredible.Theformatandlayoutshouldbestandardizedandprintedneatly.Whatarethestepsforlettersrequestingforestablishmentofbusinessrelations?Beginyourletterbytellingtheprospectivecustomershowandwheretheirnamesandaddressesareknown;Stateclearlyyourdesireofestablishingbusinessrelations;Providenecessarygeneralinformationaboutbothcompanies,suchasthebusinesslines,theitemsyouareengagedin,thebranchesandliaisonoffices,yourtrustworthinessandcreditstatus,evenyourfirm'sfinancialpositionandmanagementcapability;Expressyourexpectations.Forinstance,whenimportingproducts,putforthyourrequirementsandaskthemtosendyousamples,pricelists,catalogs,etc.5.Whatarethestepsforlettersinreplyingtobusinessletters?Severalstepscanbefollowedtoreplytothebusinessletters:Expressyourthanksfortheincomingletterorstatingyourletter-replyingpurpose;Expressyouragreement/desire/wish;Indicatetheactionyouaregoingtotake.Chapter5Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.出票人（drawer）受票人（drawee）承兌人（acceptor）跟單匯票（documentarybill）銀行匯票（banker’draft）提示（presentment）特定背書（specialendorsement）銀行承兌匯票（banker’acceptancedraft）遠(yuǎn)期匯票（timebill/usancebill）空白背書（blankendorsement）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.sightbill（即期匯票）commercialbill（商業(yè)匯票）noticeofdishonor（拒付通知書）recourse（追索）protest（拒付證書）commercialacceptancebill（商業(yè)承兌匯票）conditionalendorsement（條件背書）tenor（期限）Chapter6Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.本票（promissorynote）無條件承諾（unconditionalundertaking）止付（countermandofpayment）第一性責(zé)任（primaryresponsibility）不正當(dāng)退票（wrongfuldishonor）銀行匯票（banker’draft）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.payableondemand（即期付款）ante-dated（倒簽）post-dated（填遲日期）creditworthiness（好信譽）periodofpayment（付款期）adualliability（雙重責(zé)任）Chapter7Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.匯付(remittance)匯出行(remittingbank)匯入行(payingbank)收款人(payee)交貨付現(xiàn)(cashondelivery)記賬交易(openaccount)密押電碼(testkey)預(yù)付款(paymentinadvance)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.debtor（債務(wù)人）reverseremittance（逆匯）outwardremittance（出口匯付）inwardremittance（進(jìn)口匯付）remitter（付款人）M/T（信匯）T/T（電匯）D/D（票匯）Chapter8Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.托收行(remittingbank)代收行(collectingbank)提示行(presentingbank)托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則(UniformRulesforCollection)出口托收(outwardcollection)進(jìn)口托收(inwardcollection)國際商會(InternationalChamberofCommerce)光票托收(cleancollection)跟單托收(documentarycollection)付款交單(D/P)出票人(drawer)受票人(drawee)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.T/R（信托收據(jù)）D/A（承兌交單）collectionorder（托收指示）nostroaccount（往帳）vostroaccount（來賬）accommodation（融通）negotiation（議付）principal（委托人）BillsofExchangeAct（票據(jù)法）D/P、T/R（付款交單憑信托收據(jù)借貨）Chapter9Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.信用狀況（creditstate）遠(yuǎn)期信用證（timeL/C）通知銀行（advisingbank）信用證有效期（thevalidityofL/C）議付行（negotiatingbank）

償付

（repay/payoff）可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證（transferableL/C）

背對背信用證（back–to-backL/C）預(yù)支信用證（anticipatoryL/C）付款銀行

（payingbank）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.irrevocableL/C(不可撤消信用證)stand-byL/C(備用信用證)confirmedL/C(保兌信用證)reciprocalL/C(對開信用證)middleman(中間人)

transmittingbank（轉(zhuǎn)讓行）revolvingL/C(循環(huán)信用證)

beneficiary(受益人)instrument(票據(jù))

applicant（信用證申請人）Chapter10Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.仲裁人（arbitrator）退還(reimbursement)支出(outlay)期滿(expire)票面價值(facevalue）保函(bond)受益人(beneficiary)擔(dān)保人(guarantor)委托人(principal/applicant)投標(biāo)(bid)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.guarantorbank（擔(dān)保銀行）confirmingbank（保兌銀行）tenderbond（投標(biāo)保函）advancepaymentbond（還款保函）retentionbond（保留金保函）advisingbank（通知銀行）ondemandbond（無條件保函）performancebond（履約保函）paymentbond（付款保函）contractor（承包商）Chapter11Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.物權(quán)憑證(title)承運人(carrier)被通知人(notifyparty)清潔提單(cleanB/L)班輪提單(linerB/L)直運提單(straightB/L)全式提單(longformB/L)快郵收據(jù)/郵包收據(jù)(courierreceipt/postparcelreceipt)Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.billoflading（提單）airwaybill（航空運單）shipper（托運人）railwaybill（鐵路運單）seawaybill（海運單）orderB/L（指示提單）roadwaybill（公路運單） shippingmarks（嘜頭）Chapter12Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish.投保人（theinsured）

共同海損（generalaverage）外來風(fēng)險（extraneousrisks）

意外事故（fortuitousaccident）保險費（insurancepremium）

陸運險（overlandtransportationrisks）承保人（theinsurer）

海上風(fēng)險（marinerisk）投保金額（amountinsured）

保險單

（insurancepolicy）Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.odor(串味)

warrisks(戰(zhàn)爭險)

basicriskscoverage（基本險別）oceanmarineinsurance(海險)insuredamount(投保金額)T.L.O.(全損險)freshwaterand/orraindamage(水漬險和雨淋險)insurancecertificate

(保險憑證)insurancepolicy(保險單)

freefromparticularaverage(平安險)Chapter13Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishMate'sreceiptIdentificationmarkShippingadviceClosingdateAcombinedbillofladingShipmentclauseThecontainerdepotsShippingInstructionsTrain-AirtransportationserviceShipper/ConsignerⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese理貨員預(yù)定貨艙含糊不清的標(biāo)記多式聯(lián)運運貨合同裝貨經(jīng)紀(jì)人中國外運（集團(tuán)）總公司分配艙位換取運費運貨代理/運貨公司Ⅲ.Answerthefollowingquestions1.WhatislogisticsaccordingtoSocietyofLogisticsEngineers?Whatmightbeotherversionsofitsdefinition?AccordingtoSocietyofLogisticsEngineers,logisticsistheartandscienceofmanagement,engineeringandtechnicalactivitiesconcernedwithrequirements,designandsupplying,maintainingresourcestosupportobjectives,plansandoperation.OtherversionofLogistics’definitionmightbethatlogisticsisgenerallythedetailedorganizationandimplementationofacomplexoperation.Inageneralbusinesssense,logisticsisthemanagementoftheflowofthingsbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetrequirementsofcustomersorcorporations.2.Whataretheelementsconcernedtologistics?Theelementsconcernedtologisticsinclude:Transportation,Documentation,Customs,PaymentofCharges,PackingandWarehousing,Insurance,Security,Consolidation,GroupageandSpecialServices,CommunicationandIncoterms.3.Whendoestheshipowner’sresponsibilityforthegoodscease?Theshipowner'sresponsibilityforthegoodsceaseswhenthegoodsaredeliveredintothephysicalcustodyoftheconsigneeorappropriatedockcompanyorwarehouses.4.Whatfactorsareinvolvedinshipmentclause?TheShipmentClauseisanintegralandimportantpartofacontractsignedbetweenbuyersandsellers.Itinvolvesthetimeofshipment,theportsofloadinganddestination,meansofconveyance,theshippingdocuments,etc.5.Whatkindsoftransportdocumentsthatmaybeusedininternationallogistics?Thetransportdocumentsthatmaybeusedininternationallogisticsinclude:BillofLading,AirWaybill,RoadConsignmentNote,OfficialDocuments,CommercialDocuments.Chapter14=1\*ROMANI.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglish選擇稅:Alternativeduty法定重量:legalweight從量稅:Specificduty免稅:duty-free關(guān)稅:tariff/duty中國進(jìn)出口商品檢驗局:ChinaImportandExportCommodityInspectionBureau海關(guān)手續(xù):CustomsFormalities裝載:stowage混合稅:Compoundduty中國進(jìn)出口商品公司:ChinaNationalImportandExportCorporation=2\*ROMANII.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinesereinspection:復(fù)驗discrepancy:差異cargo:貨物advaloremduties:從價稅FDA:食品藥物管理局subjectto:以…為準(zhǔn),需…consigner:發(fā)貨人importandexportpermits:進(jìn)出口許可稅consignee:收貨人inspectioncertificateofquality:質(zhì)量檢驗證書=3\*ROMANIII.Question1.Whyisacommodityinspectionindispensableinforeigntrade?Itisquiteoftenthecasethatexportandimportgoodsaresubjecttothedamageorshortageintransitbecauseoftheroughhandlinginloadingandunloading,andthelongdistancetheyaretraveling.Besides,itispossiblethatthequalityofthegoodsreceivedbythebuyermaynotbeinconformitywiththecontractofsale.Atthistime,ifthecommodityhasbeeninspected,thecertificatewillservetoascertainwherethetroubleliesandwhoistoblame.2.Whatarethethreewaysaninspectioniscarriedout?Shippingquality/weight(quantity)asfinal;landingquality/weight(quantity)asfinal;inspectionandreinspection.3.Towhichpartyinspectionsarebeneficialrespectively?Inspectioncomesintobeingtosatisfybothparties(buyerandseller)inthisrespect,thatis:inspectionismadeattheportofshipmentandwhenthegoodsarriveattheportofdestination,thebuyerisentitledtoreinspectthegoods.Ifsomethinginqualityandweight(quantity)ofthegoodsisfounddiscrepantwiththatstipulatedinthesalescontractbymeansofreinspection,thebuyerisentitledtoclaimduecompensationforthelossesfromtheseller.4.Howarecustomsdutiesclassified?Customsdutiesareoffourtypes:specificduty,advaloremduty,compounddutyandalternativeduty.Specificdutiesareleviedattherateofsomuchperunit,pound,kiloorgallon.Advaloremdutiesareleviedonthebasisoftheproduct’svalue.Compounddutiesareacombinationofspecificandadvaloremduties.Alternativedutiesareleviedontheconditionwhenthecommodityhasadvaloremdutyandspecificduty,butonlythehigheroneislevied.Chapter15Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishE-commerceElectronicDataInterchangeValue-AddedNetworkSuppliers/VendorsBinarysystemBisyncmodemNetworkAmazonBulletinBoardSystemRoboticsⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese電子商務(wù)增值網(wǎng)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換通信公司企業(yè)對企業(yè)的電子商務(wù)模式會計和審計企業(yè)對消費者的電子商務(wù)模式計算機(jī)科學(xué)電子支付信息管理系統(tǒng)Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsWhatisthedefinitionofE-commerce?commerceisdoingbusinessthroughelectronicmedia.Itmeansusingsimple,fastandlow-costelectroniccommunicationstotransact,withoutface-to-facemeetingbetweenthetwopartiesofthetransaction.Now,itismainlydonethroughInternetandElectronicDataInterchange(EDI).WhatisthedefinitionofEDI?Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)isthestructuredtransmissionofdatabetweenorganizationsbyelectronicmeans.Itisusedtotransferelectronicdocumentsorbusinessdatafromonecomputersystemtoanothercomputersystem.Toputitsimply,EDIcanbeformallydefinedasthetransferofstructureddata,byagreedmessagestandards,fromonecomputersystemtoanotherwithouthumanintervention.WhatarethetypesofE-commerce?ElectronicnetworkwithinthecompanyBusiness-to-Business(B2B)E-commerceBusiness-to-ConsumerConsumer-to-ConsumerGovernment-to-CitizenGovernment-to-BusinessWhataretheadvantagesofE-commerce?AdvantagesofElectronicCommerce:Canincreasesalesanddecreasesalecosts;Asmallfirm’spromotionalmessageouttopotentialcustomersineverycountryintheworldwithgoodad;Researchnarrowmarketsegmentsthataregeographicallyscattered;TheWebisparticularlyusefulincreatingvirtualcommunitiesforspecifictypesofproductsorservices;Abusinesscanreducethecostsofhandlingsalesinquiries,providingpricequotes,anddeterminingproductavailabilitybyusingelectroniccommerceinitssalessupportandorder-takingprocesses;Increasessalesopportunitiesforseller,italsoincreasespurchasingopportunitiesforthebuyers;Businessescanidentifynewsuppliersandbusinesspartners.Increasesthespeedandaccuracywithwhichbusinessescanexchangeinformation,whichreducescostsonbothsidesoftransactionsProvidesbuyerswithawiderrangeofchoicesthantraditionalcommerce;ProvidesbuyerswithaneasywaytocustomizethelevelofdetailintheinformationtheyobtainaboutaprospectivepurchaseandtheycaninstantlyaccesstodetailinformationontheWebwithoutwaitingfordays.WhatarethetransmissionmethodsofEDI?ThetransmissionmethodsofEDIincludebisyncmodem,directmodemtomodemconnections,bulletinboardsystems(BBS),andusingofmanyInternetprotocols,butmostEDIissilltransmittedusingaVAN.WhatdisciplinesdoesE-commercelieon?ThedisciplinesthatE-commerceliesoninclude:MarketingComputersciencesConsumerbehaviorandpsychologyFinanceEconomicsManagementinformationsystems(MIS)AccountingandauditingManagementBusinesslawandethicsOthers,likelinguistics,roboticsandsensorysystems,operationsresearch/managementscience,statistics,andpublicpolicyandadministration.Also,E-commerceisofinteresttoengineering,healthcare,communication,andentertainmentpublishing.Chapter16Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsintoEnglishattentionlinecomplimentarycloseinsideaddress

jargonletterheadconsiderationclearnesssalutationcoherencecompletenessⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoC