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27快遞與外賣行業(yè)的前世今生2023年中考英語時事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專練快遞與外賣行業(yè)的前世今生雙十一剛剛過去,幾個億的瘋狂快遞已經(jīng)在來的路上,甚至已經(jīng)有不少小伙伴收到包裹了,這都要感謝我們加班加點(diǎn)的快遞小哥啦~快遞依賴于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電商發(fā)展總給人一種錯覺,會認(rèn)為快遞是隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展而延伸出來的新興產(chǎn)物,其實(shí)不然,快遞早在中國古代就有了雛形,最早甚至可回溯到夏商時期。古代快遞又叫“急傳”,它在中國出現(xiàn)的時間相當(dāng)早,秦漢時期,全國已有成熟的快遞網(wǎng)絡(luò),是不是很不可思議呢?快遞最早的起源還存有爭議,在夏朝時,雖然沒有具體的傳遞制度,但已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了實(shí)物傳遞。有史料可考的是,周朝已有似于快遞的驲傳制度?!吨芏Y·秋官》中記載了主管郵驛、物流的官員“行夫”,而在殷墟中找到的甲骨文也證實(shí)商朝有“快遞”。成熟的快遞制度出現(xiàn)離不開道路暢通。秦始皇一統(tǒng)六國之后,下令大幅修筑以國都咸陽為中心,向四面八方延伸出去的馳道,并實(shí)行“車同軌”的制度,這一定程度上助長了快遞事業(yè)的發(fā)展到了漢代,“驛傳”制度逐漸走向成熟,設(shè)立了“郵、亭、驛、傳”4個級別。漢高祖劉邦就曾經(jīng)擔(dān)任泗水亭長一職。五里設(shè)郵,十里設(shè)亭,三十里設(shè)驛或傳,快遞員們統(tǒng)一著裝,頭裹絳紅頭巾、膀戴絳紅套袖,身上背著“赤白囊”。唐朝的快遞業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,據(jù)《大唐六典》所說,當(dāng)時全國有1639個驛站,出現(xiàn)了以京城為中心,輻射全國各地的格局,就連一些邊遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)也設(shè)有“網(wǎng)點(diǎn)”。得益于京杭大運(yùn)河的開通,郵驛還分為陸驛、水驛、水陸兼并三種,各驛站還配有驛舍,配有驛馬、驛驢、驛船和驛田。宋朝的快遞業(yè)基本上沿襲了唐朝,據(jù)沈括《夢溪筆談》記載,北宋驛傳有三等,分別是步遞、馬遞和急腳遞,急腳遞是速度最快的,宋朝“急遞”要求日夜兼程,白天掛鈴,晚上舉火,鋪鋪換馬,數(shù)鋪換人,風(fēng)雨無阻。據(jù)《隨園筆記》中記載,最快的急腳遞可以“日行六百里”,折合成現(xiàn)在的距離大約300公里。宋神宗時期又設(shè)置了更快的“金字牌急腳遞”?!敖鹱峙啤笔且粋€一尺多長的紅漆木牌,上面有金字“御前文字,不得入鋪”,就是說,凡是用“金字牌”傳送的文件,不在每一個驛站停留交接,省了中轉(zhuǎn)時間,所以特別快?!秹粝P談》說它“光明眩目,過如飛電,望之者無不避路?!彼胃咦谡倩卦里w的“十二道金牌”就是金字牌急腳遞。服務(wù)于傳遞政府文書的驛站,大都叫“急遞鋪”,“遞”為宋時所有公文和書信的機(jī)構(gòu)總稱?!凹边f”的馬項(xiàng)上都配有銅鈴,疾馳時發(fā)出叮叮當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)捻懧曇跃韭啡?,如果路人不避讓或避讓不及,一切后果均由自己承?dān),而快遞員沒有絲毫責(zé)任。明清時期就出現(xiàn)了武俠劇中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個部門——鏢局或鏢行。刀光劍影,快意江湖。托各類武俠小說的福,鏢局一詞自帶一股江湖俠氣。鏢局主人講的是人脈廣、有錢有勢,打出旗號讓黑道不敢招惹,萬一出了事擺得平官府,鏢被劫了賠得起銀兩。總鏢頭,通常是赫赫有名的江湖人物,不是本身武藝超群,就是退休名捕之流。事實(shí)上,明清時期出現(xiàn)的鏢局是我國第一次出現(xiàn)民辦“快遞”,在此之前“快遞”都是專屬于皇室和官宦的VIP服務(wù)??爝f在早期出現(xiàn)的最大意義就是為了軍事和政治服務(wù)的,快遞的物品大多是政府文件和軍中情報(bào)。戰(zhàn)國時期,出現(xiàn)了私人郵遞系統(tǒng)?!妒酚洝防镉涊d,戰(zhàn)國四公子之一的魏國信陵君有自己的傳報(bào)系統(tǒng),收到信息比魏王還快。他后來被魏王猜忌,這就是很重要的一個原因。不過,僅僅是傳遞信息文字很快就滿足不了達(dá)官貴人的需求了。漢高祖劉邦專門給戚夫人運(yùn)送家鄉(xiāng)大米,后來南方省份還“快遞”荔枝、龍眼等生鮮水果,“驛馬晝夜傳送之”,很多快遞員死在路上,所以“一騎紅塵妃子笑”的事兒,早在漢代就有了。隋唐時期,由于大運(yùn)河的開鑿,水路快遞更為突出,開啟了生鮮速遞的先河。當(dāng)時平原郡進(jìn)貢的螃蟹,等海味便是使用物流,從山東速遞到京城的。宋太宗時期,漸漸放寬了對郵遞的掌控,但是到后來,無論是政府官員,還是各地貢使,乃至于民間商人、僧侶,各種物資需求都通過國家郵驛系統(tǒng),當(dāng)時經(jīng)常馳驛的,有“進(jìn)鷹者”、“捕鵪鶉者”、“運(yùn)送虎豹者”、“工匠”、“淘金人”、“送喪嫁女”、“放貸取息”、“運(yùn)送骨殖”、“送葡萄酒”等等,這嚴(yán)重增加了郵驛的負(fù)擔(dān)。明朝永樂年間,正式出現(xiàn)了民間商業(yè)組織“民信局”,業(yè)務(wù)就是專門為民間商人和百姓寄送信件。在此之前,百姓們想要寄送信件都只能依靠“捎帶”。這種方式,比較隨緣,而且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大,容易遇上沒有職業(yè)道德的快遞小哥?!妒勒f新語·任誕》中,有這樣一個故事:東晉時,有一個叫殷羨的,從南京出發(fā),到豫章去當(dāng)太守,臨行前,有人托他帶一百多封信,結(jié)果,出了城后,殷羨膨脹了,心想老子一個太守,憑什么還得兼職送快遞,不干!于是,他把那一百多封信都扔到了水里,說:“沉下去的自己會沉下去,浮起來的自己會浮起來,能不能寄到,都是緣分。送快遞是不可能送快遞的,這輩子都不可能送快遞的。”在明清以前快遞小哥可都算是公務(wù)員,但這公務(wù)員也不是那么好當(dāng)?shù)摹J紫?,快遞員必須是年輕力壯、誠實(shí)可靠的小哥哥,年紀(jì)太大及人品有問題的,大概第一輪網(wǎng)申就被刷了。早在西周時期,朝廷就定下了快遞行業(yè)的宗旨“雖道有難,而不時必達(dá)”,同時對快遞不快、泄密等違規(guī)行為也有嚴(yán)厲的懲罰措施。雖在秦漢時期出現(xiàn)了郵亭驛置,魏晉開始設(shè)置驛站,但這并不是為風(fēng)餐露宿徹夜趕路的快遞員們提供的。所謂的郵亭驛置和驛站都僅僅是用于保存馬匹和干糧,并非用于人員休憩。通常情況下都是換馬不換人,快遞員們到達(dá)驛站后吃口飯喝口水便立即啟程,有時候甚至連臉都來不及洗,更別提睡上一覺了。真是人不如馬!做快遞員最危險(xiǎn)的是在唐朝,分分鐘小命不保??爝f送晚了,或是不按驛道行走,都要被處罰。在投遞過程中晚到一天,杖八十。以此類推,兩天就一百六。一般人的身體,晚到個兩三天的,恐怕就得被活活打死了。所以,若是晚到多天,就改成徒刑。嚴(yán)重一點(diǎn)的,最高可以判處兩年徒刑。對于泄密和丟件,也有相應(yīng)處罰規(guī)定,其中,對泄密處罰得最厲害,如果泄露的是大事,直接判處絞刑。如果說國家所設(shè)驛站內(nèi)的快遞小哥們好比中國郵政的員工,那鏢局里的鏢師們則是民營快遞公司的職員。與三十里則有一驛的大型國有機(jī)構(gòu)中國郵政相比,民營快遞公司里的鏢師們就得一路自求多福了。運(yùn)輸過程中往往需要穿越深山老林或鄉(xiāng)野小道,而這些地方則是響馬橫行,強(qiáng)盜猖獗之處,一旦路遇強(qiáng)盜劫匪,在亮明身份和鏢底后,倘若對方仍不依不饒,這些民間快遞小哥們得真刀真槍地與其拼個你死我活,不少鏢師都亡命途中。這些快遞小哥們是真正過著刀口舔血般的生活。如今的快遞小哥大概也繼承了前輩們優(yōu)秀的職業(yè)技能,穿梭在街頭巷尾的他們,十八般武藝樣樣精通,文能詩情畫意,武能飛檐走壁。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2022年天貓雙11再次刷新紀(jì)錄。請關(guān)愛快遞小哥~一、完形填空A篇Nowadays,onalmosteverystreetinmanyChinesecities,peopleinyelloworbluesuitsridingebikesareeasytosee.Theyarefooddeliverymen(外賣騎手).Theysetoutinahurryfrom____1____tohomes,shoppingcentersandmanyotherplaces.Althoughtheymakeourlifemore____2____thanbefore,thiscancomeatacostforthem.“Thedeliverymanhasyourfoodandisonhisway.”Thisisamessageyoumightreceive.ButLifeforadeliverymanisnoteasy.Adeliverymanhasto____3____theorderfromtherestaurantanddeliverittothecustomerwithinhalfanhournomatteritisfineorrainy.Infact,thetimelimitfordeliverymenissoshortthattheyhaveto____4____boththephysicalandmentalpressure.Iftheydeliveranorderlate,evenbyonesecond,theywillbefined.Atthesametimethetimelimitalsohas____5____theriskoftrafficaccidentsinrecentyears.Inordertosavetime,deliverymenoftenbreaktrafficrules,putnotonlytheirownlivesin____6____,butthelivesofothersaswell.How____7____thejobis!Manycompaniesandschools____8____deliverymentowaitfortheircustomerstopickuptheirfoodatthegate.Mostcustomerscan’tshowupintimebutthedeliverymenneedtoberesponsibleforthefood.Andthedelay(延遲)isinevitable(不可避免的).It’s____9____forthem.Ifcustomerscanchoose“Iwouldliketowait____10____”intheapp,deliveryworkerswillbegivenmoretime.Itwillhelptokeepdeliverymensafeontheroads.1.A.colleges B.restaurants C.cinemas D.factories2.A.reasonable B.natural C.practical D.convenient3.A.setup B.makeup C.pickup D.giveup4.A.face B.solve C.create D.develop5.A.included B.introduced C.influenced D.increased6.A.hand B.heart C.danger D.will7.A.dangerous B.famous C.comfortable D.enjoyable8.A.invite B.decide C.require D.choose9.A.unlucky B.unusual C.unhappy D.unfair10.A.shorter B.longer C.better D.farther【短文大意】本文主要講述了外賣員這份工作的情況?!敬鸢附馕觥?.句意:他們匆匆忙忙地從餐館出發(fā),到家庭、購物中心和許多其他地方。colleges大學(xué);restaurants飯店;cinemas電影院;factories工廠。根據(jù)“Theyarefooddeliverymen(外賣騎手).”可知外賣員是從餐館里拿外賣,故選B。2.句意:盡管他們使我們的生活比以前更方便,但這可能會讓我們要給他們一些費(fèi)用。reasonable合理的;natural自然的;practical實(shí)際的;convenient便利的。根據(jù)“Althoughtheymakeourlifemore...thanbefore,”可知有了外賣,我們的生活更方便了,故選D。3.句意:無論晴天還是雨天,外賣員都必須在半小時內(nèi)從餐廳取貨送到顧客手中。setup建立;makeup編造;pickup撿,?。籫iveup放棄。根據(jù)“...theorderfromtherestaurant”可知外賣員需先從餐館取訂單,故選C。4.句意:事實(shí)上,快遞員的時間限制是如此之短,他們不得不面對身體和精神上的壓力。face面對;solve解決;create創(chuàng)造;develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)“thephysicalandmentalpressure”可知處是指面對壓力,face符合,故選A。5.句意:同時,限時也增加了近年來交通事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。included包括;introduced介紹;influence影響;increased增加。根據(jù)“Atthesametimethetimelimitalsohas...theriskoftrafficaccidentsinrecentyears”可知時間上的限制,會導(dǎo)致交通事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加,故選D。6.句意:為了節(jié)省時間,快遞員經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則,不僅把自己的生命置于危險(xiǎn)之中,而且也把別人的生命置于危險(xiǎn)之中。hand手;heart心;danger危險(xiǎn);will意愿。根據(jù)“deliverymenoftenbreaktrafficrules,”可知外賣員違反交通規(guī)則是很危險(xiǎn)的,故選C。7.句意:這工作多危險(xiǎn)啊!dangerous危險(xiǎn)的;famous著名的;comfortable舒服的;enjoyable愉悅的。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容說因?yàn)橄迺r,外賣員經(jīng)常違反交通規(guī)則,這是很危險(xiǎn)的,故選A。8.句意:許多公司和學(xué)校要求快遞員在門口等待顧客取餐。invite邀請;decide決定;require要求;choose選擇。根據(jù)“Manycompaniesandschools...deliverymentowaitfortheircustomerstopickuptheirfoodatthegate”可知讓外賣員在門口等待,是很多公司和學(xué)校的要求,故選C。9.句意:這對他們不公平。unlucky不幸運(yùn)的;unusual不尋常的;unhappy不開心的;unfair不公平的。根據(jù)“Mostcustomerscan’tshowupintimebutthedeliverymenneedtoberesponsibleforthefood.Andthedelay(延遲)isinevitable(不可避免的)”可知外賣員在門口等待,但是卻又會導(dǎo)致超時,這個情況對他們來說是不公平的,故選D。10.句意:我想等待更長的時間。shorter更短;longer更長;better更好;farther更遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)“deliveryworkerswillbegivenmoretime”可知外賣員將獲得更多的時間,由此推知是指顧客可以等待更久一點(diǎn),故選B。B篇Orderingfoodonlinehasbecomepartofcollegelifebecauseitonlytakesafewminutes.However,auniversityinsouthwestChinaistryingtostop___11___doingit.Theban(禁令)notonlymadestudentsunhappy,butalsotheinternetusers.Somesaidthatthebanmadethe___12___fullofpeople.Therearenotenoughseatsinit,sostudentshavetostanduporsquat(蹲)whentheyeat.The___13___dininghallalsomeansthatstudentshavetospendmoretimeeating.Ifstudentscanorderonline,theycanhavemoretimeto___14___atnoonsothattheywillbeenergetic(精力充沛的)intheafternoon.Someevensaid___15___thatthedininghallonlyprepareafewdishesandalmostallofthemtastebad.Infact,ChengduUniversityofForeignLanguagesisnotthe___16___onetodoso.BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityandsomeotheruniversitieshavealreadydonethat.AteacherfromChengduUniversityofForeignLanguagessaidthatschoolsstoppedstudentsorderingfoodonline___17___thefoodfromoutsideisnotsafeforstudents.Orderingtoomuchfoodalsohadaserious___18___problembecausetherewereoftenmanyusedfoodboxesleftintheschoolplaygroundafterstudents___19___meals.However,intheeyesofLiuJunhai,ateacheratRenminUniversityofChina,universitiesthemselvesshouldsolvethisproblem.

“Ifschoolsmaketheirdininghallsbetter,theirstudentswillsoon___20___.Forexample,theycanpreparemoretastydishes.”11.A.students B.teachers C.parents12.A.classroombuilding B.dininghall C.swimmingpool13.A.clean B.busy C.modern14.A.play B.eat C.rest15.A.happily B.a(chǎn)ngrily C.seriously16.A.earliest B.worst C.slowest17.A.but B.a(chǎn)nd C.because18.A.noise B.a(chǎn)ir C.rubbish19.A.finished B.prepared C.started20.A.goaway B.comeback C.standup【短文大意】本文向我們介紹很多學(xué)校禁止學(xué)生點(diǎn)外賣,認(rèn)為外面的食物對學(xué)生來說不安全,但是學(xué)生也有自己的抱怨,如果食堂的飯菜做得更好一些,學(xué)生會回歸食堂?!敬鸢附馕觥?1.句意:然而,中國西南部的一所大學(xué)正試圖阻止學(xué)生這樣做。students學(xué)生;teachers教師;parents父母。根據(jù)“Theban(禁令)notonlymadestudentsunhappy”可知,學(xué)校禁止學(xué)生這樣做,故選A。12.句意:一些人說,這一禁令讓餐廳擠滿了人。classroombuilding教學(xué)樓;dininghall餐廳;swimmingpool游泳池。學(xué)校禁止點(diǎn)外賣,所以餐廳擠滿了人,故選B。13.句意:繁忙的食堂也意味著學(xué)生們不得不花更多的時間吃飯。clean干凈的;busy忙碌的;modern現(xiàn)代的。根據(jù)“Therearenotenoughseatsinit,sostudentshavetostanduporsquat(蹲)whentheyeat.”可知,餐廳擁擠,所以是繁忙的,故選B。14.句意:如果學(xué)生可以在網(wǎng)上訂餐,他們可以在中午有更多的時間休息,這樣他們在下午就會精力充沛。play玩;eat吃;rest休息。根據(jù)“theycanhavemoretimeto...atnoonsothattheywillbeenergetic(精力充沛的)intheafternoon”可知,網(wǎng)上點(diǎn)餐等省時,吃完飯可以多休息,故選C。15.句意:一些人甚至憤怒地說,食堂只準(zhǔn)備了幾道菜,幾乎所有的菜都很難吃。happily開心地;angrily生氣地;seriously嚴(yán)肅地。根據(jù)“thedininghallonlyprepareafewdishesandalmostallofthemtastebad”可知,學(xué)生在生氣地抱怨,故選B。16.句意:事實(shí)上,成都外國語大學(xué)并不是最早這么做的學(xué)校。earliest最早的;worst最壞的;slowest最慢的。根據(jù)“Infact,ChengduUniversityofForeignLanguagesisnotthe...onetodoso.BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityandsomeotheruniversitieshavealreadydonethat.”可知,北京語言大學(xué)和其他一些大學(xué)已經(jīng)這樣做了,所以成都外國語大學(xué)并不是最早這么做的學(xué)校。故選A。17.句意:成都外國語大學(xué)的一名老師表示,學(xué)校禁止學(xué)生在網(wǎng)上訂餐,因?yàn)橥饷娴氖澄飳W(xué)生來說不安全。but但是;and和;because因?yàn)??!皌hefoodfromoutsideisnotsafeforstudents”是“schoolsstoppedstudentsorderingfoodonline”的原因,用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,故選C。18.句意:點(diǎn)太多的食物也有嚴(yán)重的垃圾問題,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們吃完飯后,經(jīng)常會有很多用過的飯盒留在學(xué)校操場上。noise噪音;air空氣;rubbish垃圾。根據(jù)“becausetherewereoftenmanyusedfoodboxesleftintheschoolplayground”可知,因?yàn)榻?jīng)常有很多用過的飯盒留在學(xué)校的操場上,所以是垃圾問題,故選C。19.句意:點(diǎn)太多的食物也有嚴(yán)重的垃圾問題,因?yàn)閷W(xué)生們吃完飯后,經(jīng)常會有很多用過的飯盒留在學(xué)校操場上。finished結(jié)束;prepared準(zhǔn)備;started開始。根據(jù)“becausetherewereoftenmanyusedfoodboxesleftintheschoolplaygroundafterstudents...meals.”可知,是吃完飯會留垃圾,故選A。20.句意:如果學(xué)校改善食堂,他們的學(xué)生很快就會回來。goaway走開;comeback回來;standup起立。根據(jù)“Ifschoolsmaketheirdininghallsbetter,theirstudentswillsoon...”可知,學(xué)校食堂的飯如果好吃,學(xué)生就會回來吃,故選B。C篇Areportshowedthatdelivery(快遞)workersinChinaarehavingahardtime.Thepublic____21____thedeliveryplatformstotakecareoftheworkersbetter.Twobigonlineservicesproviders,MeituanandEle.me,have____22____thedeliverytimeinthepastseveralyears.AdeliveryworkerofMeituansaid,“WhenIfirststartedthisjob,Iwasgivenatleast40minutesoreven50minutesofdeliverytimeonasingle____23____.Nowwearegenerallygiven30minutesfordelivery.”Somerestaurantscan’tevencookadishin30minutes.Theresultisthathewillbe____24____forlatedelivery.“Ourpayiscutforlatedelivery,”saidShu,anotherdeliveryman,____25____thatsometimestheymaybeagainstthetrafficrulestodeliverfoodontime.Ele.mesaidthattheywould____26____anewsystemthatwillnotonlyprovidemoredeliverytimefordeliveryworkersbutalsomakeordersbedeliveredontime.Theywillallow____27____tochooseiftheyarewillingtowaitafewminuteslonger.In____28____theywillgetsomecoupons(優(yōu)惠券)fromtheplatform.Meituanalsopromisedto____29____makechangestomakesuredeliverymenaretreatedbetter.Forthedeliveryplatforms,howtomakemoneyandgivethedeliverymenenoughtimewouldbea(n)____30____subject.Hopefullyalldeliverymenwillbetreatedwelloneday.21.A.callon B.dependon C.payfor D.searchfor22.A.increased B.shortened C.wasted D.changed23.A.menu B.dish C.chance D.order24.A.hated B.punished C.stopped D.taught25.A.a(chǎn)dding B.repeating C.reading D.doubting26.A.setup B.putup C.bringup D.pickup27.A.workers B.providers C.customers D.drivers28.A.fact B.return C.person D.public29.A.finally B.immediately C.simply D.clearly30.A.interesting B.useful C.serious D.terrible【短文大意】本文介紹了由于快遞員面臨的環(huán)境不好,因此美團(tuán)和餓了么采取了不同的措施,以保證快遞員和顧客以及平臺的利益?!敬鸢附馕觥?1.句意:公眾呼吁送貨平臺更好地照顧快遞員。callon“呼吁”;dependon“依靠”;payfor“支付”;searchfor“搜尋”。根據(jù)“Areportshowedthatdelivery(快遞)workersinChinaarehavingahardtime.”可知,此處是呼吁送貨平臺要更好地照顧快遞員。故選A。22.句意:兩大在線服務(wù)提供商,美團(tuán)和餓了么在過去幾年里縮短了交貨時間。increased“增加”;shortened“縮短”;wasted“浪費(fèi)”;changed“改變”。根據(jù)“WhenIfirststartedthisjob,Iwasgivenatleast40minutesoreven50minutesofdeliverytimeonasingle....Nowwearegenerallygiven30minutesfordelivery.”可知,是縮短了送貨的時間。故選B。23.句意:當(dāng)我第一次開始這項(xiàng)工作時,一份訂單給我至少40分鐘甚至50分鐘的交貨時間。menu“菜單”;dish“菜肴”;chance“機(jī)會”;order“訂單”。根據(jù)“Somerestaurantscan’tevencookadishin30minutes.”可知,此處指的是訂單。故選D。24.句意:結(jié)果是他將因遲交而受到懲罰。hated“憎恨”;punished“懲罰”;stopped“停止”;taught“教”。根據(jù)“forlatedelivery.”可知,此處應(yīng)該是因送貨遲而受到懲罰。故選B。25.句意:另一名送貨員舒說:“我們的工資因遲交而被削減。”他補(bǔ)充說,有時他們可能為了按時送貨而違反交通規(guī)則。adding“增加”;repeating“重復(fù)”;reading“閱讀”;doubting“懷疑”。根據(jù)“thatsometimestheymaybeagainstthetrafficrulestodeliverfoodontime.”可知,此處是送貨員舒補(bǔ)充說的。故選A。26.句意:餓了么說,他們將建立一個新的系統(tǒng),不僅為送貨員提供更多的送貨時間,還將使訂單按時送達(dá)。setup“建立”;putup“搭起”;bringup“養(yǎng)育”;pickup“拿起”。根據(jù)“anewsystem”可知,是建立一個新的系統(tǒng)。故選A。27.句意:他們將允許客戶選擇是否愿意再等幾分鐘。workers“工人”;providers“提供者”;customers“客戶”;drivers“司機(jī)”。根據(jù)“iftheyarewillingtowaitafewminuteslonger.”可知,此處是指允許客戶選擇是否愿意再等幾分鐘。故選C。28.句意:作為回報(bào),他們將從該平臺獲得一些優(yōu)惠券。fact“事實(shí)”;return“回報(bào)”;person“人”;public“民眾”。根據(jù)“getsomecoupons(優(yōu)惠券)fromtheplatform.”可知,優(yōu)惠券是平臺回報(bào)給顧客的。故選B。29.句意:美團(tuán)還承諾立即做出改變,以確保送貨員得到更好的待遇。finally“最后”;immediately“立即”;simply“僅僅”;clearly“清晰地”。根據(jù)“makesuredeliverymenaretreatedbetter.”可知,因?yàn)轲I了么已經(jīng)做出了改變,因此美團(tuán)也承諾立即做出改變。故選B。30.句意:對于送貨平臺來說,如何賺錢并給送貨員足夠的時間將是一個嚴(yán)肅的話題。interesting“有趣的”;useful“有用的”;serious“嚴(yán)肅的”;terrible“可怕的”。根據(jù)“howtomakemoneyandgivethedeliverymenenoughtimewouldbea(n)…subject.”可知,如何賺錢并給送貨員足夠的時間是一個嚴(yán)肅的話題。故選C。二、閱讀單選A篇Whenyourparentsarebusyatworkandhavenotimetocook,youcanpickupthephone,ordersomefoodforyourselfandthefoodwillarriveatyourhomesoon.Lotsofpeopleordertakeoutfoodthesedays.ButdidChinesepeopleeattakeoutinthepast?Theanswerisyes!TherewastakeoutasfarbackastheSongDynasty(960-1279).Peopleatthattimedidn’thavephones,buttheycouldstillorderfood.Accordingtohistorybooks,EmperorXiaozong(宋孝宗)(1127-1194)likedtoordertakeoutlateatnight.Hisservantsthenwentaroundthecitytopickupthedishesandbringthemback.Commonpeoplealsolikedtoordertakeout.Restaurantworkerswalkedaroundthecityorwaitedoutsideoftheaters.Theyshoutedloudlywhichdishescouldbeorderedthatday.PeoplepaidthemandthentheworkerswouldsendfoodtotheirhomesPeopleatthattimeevenhadspecialmealboxesfortakeoutdishes.Itwasalongwoodenboxwithtwolayers(層).Peopleputhotwaterbetweenthetwolayers.Inthiswaythedishcouldstillkeepwarnwhenitarrivedatpeople’shome.InthefamousSongDynastypaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival《清明上河圖》,atakeoutworkercanbeseenonthewaytosendfood.31.EmperorXiaozonggothistakeoutby________.A.sendinghisservants B.walkingaroundthecityC.pickingupthedishes D.bringingtakeoutback32.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatintheSongDynasty________.A.EmperorXiaozongwasthefirstonetoordertakeout B.onlyrichpeoplecouldordertakcoutC.takeoutfoodwaspopularwithpeople D.peoplepaidfortheirtakeoutaftertheygotit33.WhichonemightbethemealboxfortakeoutdishesintheSongDynasty?A. B. C. D.34.Inthelastparagraphthewritermentions(提到)thepaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivaltoshow________.A.thattakeoutstartedalongtimeago B.thatthepainterwasgoodatdrawingC.whymostpeoplelikedtoordertakeout D.howpeopleorderedtakeoutatthattime【短文大意】本文主要介紹了古代的外賣?!敬鸢附馕觥?1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Accordingtohistorybooks...Hisservantsthenwentaroundthecitytopickupthedishesandbringthemback.”可知,孝宗皇帝通過派遣他的仆人來拿外賣。故選A。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Commonpeoplealsolikedtoordertakeout.”可知,宋朝普通人也很喜歡點(diǎn)外賣,外賣很受普通人歡迎。故選C。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasalongwoodenboxwithtwolayers(層).”可知,宋朝用來裝外賣的餐盒是一個長木盒,有兩層。由此可推斷,B項(xiàng)可能是宋朝用來裝外賣的餐盒。故選B。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“youcanseeatakeoutworkeronthewaytosendingfood”可知,《清明上河圖》上也出現(xiàn)了送外賣的工作人員。由此可推斷,最后一段提到《清明上河圖》是為了說明古代就已經(jīng)有外賣了。故選A。B篇ShenzhenDaily2023-02-28①GettingapiefromtheskyisbecomingarealityinthecityasonlinedeliveryplatformMeituanhasbeenallowedtostartdronedeliveryservice(無人機(jī)送餐服務(wù)),ShenzhenEveningNewsreported.②AtGalaxyWorldinLonggangDistrict,areporterfromthenewspaperwatchedhowamealhasbeendeliveredbythedroneonThursday.ThedroneslowlylandedandadoorabovetheMeituanIntelligentDiningCabinet(儲藏柜)openedslowly,wherethedroneputthemealboxinsidethecabinet.③“Ittakesabout15minutestoplacetheorderandreceivethemeal.Alotofpeoplehavetriedthedronedeliveryservicehere,”saidawomanwhojusttookhermealboxoutfromthecabinet.④Duringtheyear2022,foodanddrinkssuchasnoodles,fruits,coffeeandmilkteaandevenflowershavebeendeliveredthroughMeituan’sdronedeliverysystem,thereportsaid.⑤Thecompanysaidthatasoflastyear,ithadcompletedover100,000dronedeliveries.Meituanstartedtoexploredronedeliveryservicein2017andstartedthetryinearly2021.Theservicehasanaveragedeliverytimeof12minutes,whichislessthantraditionaldeliverymethods,accordingtothecompany.⑥Thereareonlyafewcitiesintheworldwiththeadvantagesofdronedeliveryservice,andShenzhenistakingtheleadinChina,accordingtothereport.However,therearestillsomeproblemswiththiskindofservice.35.Whereisthemealboxput?A.InLonggangDistrict.B.Insidethecabinet. C.Bythedrone.D.AtGalaxyWorld.36.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A.Wherethedronelanded. B.Whentheservicestarted.C.Howtheserviceprovided. D.Whowatchedthedrone.37.HowlongdidMeituanspendexploringdronedeliveryservice?A.Threeyears. B.Fouryears. C.Fiveyears. D.Sixyears.38.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Manycitiesaroundtheworldhavethedronedeliveryservice.B.Thedronedeliveryservicehasmanyadvantagesinourdailylife.C.ShenzhenisthefirstcitystartingdronedeliveryserviceinChina.D.Thedronedeliveryserviceisverypopularallovertheworld.39.Whatisthepassagegoingtotalkaboutnext?A.Howtomakegooduseofthedronedeliveryservice.B.Whatproblemsthedronedeliveryservicefaces.C.Howtosolvetheproblemsofthedronedeliveryservice.D.Whatadvantagesthedronedeliveryservicehas.【短文大意】文章介紹了美團(tuán)推出的無人機(jī)送餐服務(wù),包括其操作流程、研發(fā)過程及發(fā)展前景?!敬鸢附馕觥?5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThedroneslowlylandedandadoorabovetheMeituanIntelligentDiningCabinet(儲藏柜)openedslowly,wherethedroneputthemealboxinsidethecabinet.”可知,無人機(jī)緩緩降落,美團(tuán)智能儲物柜上方有一扇門慢慢打開,無人機(jī)把餐盒放進(jìn)了儲物柜。故選B。36.段落大意題。根據(jù)“AtGalaxyWorldinLonggangDistrict,areporterfromthenewspaperwatchedhowamealhasbeendeliveredbythedroneonThursday.”可知,第二段主要描述了無人機(jī)如何送餐的過程。故選C。37.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Meituanstartedtoexploredronedeliveryservicein2017andstartedthetryinearly2021.”可知,美團(tuán)在2017年開始探索無人機(jī)送餐服務(wù),并在2021年初開始嘗試實(shí)施,中間經(jīng)歷了4年的時間。故選B。38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereareonlyafewcitiesintheworldwiththeadvantagesofdronedeliveryservice,andShenzhenistakingtheleadinChina,accordingtothereport.”可知,世界上只有少數(shù)城市擁有無人機(jī)送貨服務(wù)的優(yōu)勢,深圳在中國處于領(lǐng)先地位。說明深圳是中國第一個開始無人機(jī)送餐服務(wù)的城市。故選C。39.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However,therearestillsomeproblemswiththiskindofservice.”可知,這種服務(wù)仍存在一些問題,說明接下來可能談?wù)摕o人機(jī)送餐服務(wù)面臨的問題是什么。故選B。C篇ZhangYuneverordersfoodonMeituanApp.ShegetsaMeituanCoupon(優(yōu)惠券)fromherfriend.MeituanCouponOrderfoodonMeituanApp20%off(減價(jià))yourorderover30yuan30%offyourorderover50yuanOnlyfornewcustomersJuly10th—July15th40.Tobuyabowlofdumplings(¥25)andabowlofnoodles(¥15)onMeituanAppwiththecoupononJuly12th,ZhangYushouldpay________.A.¥16 B.¥32 C.¥4041.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ZhangYuneedstopay42yuanforherorder¥60onJuly12th.B.AllthecustomerscanusethecouponfromJuly10thtoJuly15th.C.ZhangYugetsthecouponfromtheappfororderingfoodbefore.【短文大意】本文介紹了一張美團(tuán)優(yōu)惠券的相關(guān)信息?!敬鸢附馕觥?0.推理判斷題,根據(jù)“20%offyourorderover30yuan”以及“July10th—July15th”可知7月12日憑美團(tuán)App優(yōu)惠券購買一碗25元餃子和一碗15元面條,可以打八折,張宇應(yīng)該付32元。故選B。41.推理判斷題,根據(jù)“30%offyourorderover50yuan”以及“July10th—July15th”可知在7月12日超過50元的訂單打七折,張宇要為60元的訂單支付42元。故選A。三、閱讀回答問題Eleme,anonlinefooddelivery(運(yùn)送)serviceplatform(平臺),announced(宣布)onSeptember9ththatitwillhaveanewfeature(特色)whichwillallowcustomerstogivedeliveryworkersmoretimetodelivermeals.Elemesaidthatitwouldaddachoiceafterthepayment,saying,“Iwouldliketowaitfiveortenmoreminutes.”Iftheuserisnotinahurry,theycanchoosetogivethedeliverypersonalittlemoretime.Itisthecompany’sresponse(回應(yīng))toanonlinearticlethatcaughtwidepublicattentionondeliveryworkers’safety.Thearticlesaidthatdeliveryworkhasbecomeahighlydangerousjobasaresultofshortdeliverytimesetbyfooddeliveryplatforms.Withalargenumberofordersandtimelimit,deliveryworkersoftenbreaktrafficrules,whichendangersthemselvesandothers.AfterEleme’sresponse,millionsofpeopleexpressedtheiropinionsonline.MaJing,a20-year-oldstudent,said,“Whatagreatidea!Thenewfeaturewillprovidethedeliveryworkerswithmoretime,whichwillgreatlystoptheaccidentfromhappening.”However,YangWenzhan,alawyerfromBeijing,seemedtoholdadifferentview.Hesaid,“Itistheplatformthatdecidestherulesandmakesdeliveryworkerstaketheriskoftheirlives.Whenthetopicbecamewidelydiscussed,thenew‘humane’(人性化的)featureisbelievedtosuggestthatconsumers(消費(fèi)者)insteadofthedeliveryplatformsshouldbethegroupwithmorekindness.”XiaoFeng,adeliverymanfromEleme,saidinhisblog,“It’sstillhardtosaywhetheritisgoodornot.AllIcandoistogetthefooddeliveredontime.”42.WhendidElemeannounceitsnewfeature?________________________________________43.Canthedeliveryworkersdecidethedeliverytimebythemselves?________________________________________44.WhatdopeoplethinkofthenewactofEleme?________________________________________45.DoyouthinkEleme’snewfeaturewillmakesureofthesafetyofdeliveryworkers?Whyorwhynot?________________________________________【短文大意】本文向我們介紹餓了么出于對配送員安全的考慮,推出了新的規(guī)則?!敬鸢附馕觥?2.根據(jù)“Eleme,anonlinefooddeliveryserviceplatform,announcedonSeptember9th”可知,9月9日,在線外賣服務(wù)平臺“餓了么”發(fā)布新規(guī),故填OnSeptember9th.43.根據(jù)“allowcustomerstogivedeliveryworkersmoretimetodelivermeals”可知,是顧客決定是否給送餐員更多的時間送餐,而不是送餐員,故填No.44.根據(jù)“Whatagreatidea!...However,YangWenzhan,alawyerfromBeijing,seemedtoholdadifferentview.”可知,一些人認(rèn)為這是好的,而另一些人不這樣認(rèn)為。故填Somethinkit’sgoodwhileothersdon’tthinkso.45.本題屬于開放性試題,言之有理即可。參考答案:我不認(rèn)為這能確保送餐員的安全,因?yàn)橛唵卧蕉?,他們的錢就越多,所以他們會接更多的訂單。故填No.Becausethemoreorders,themoremoneytheywillhave.Sotheywilltakemoreorders.四、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。ItseemsthatChina’sfooddelivery(送貨)workersarealwaysracingagainsttime.Recently,___46___articleintheChinesemagazinePortraitshows___47___difficultthisjobcanbe.ThearticleFoodDeliverymen:StuckintheSystemshowsthepressurethatdeliveryworkersface.Oneofthebiggestchallenges___48___(be)theirdeliverytimelimit(限制).Deliveringanorderlate,evenbyonesecond,resultsinafine(罰款).Thetimelimitforeachorder___49___(set)byanalgorithm(算法).Thealgorithmwillcutdownthelimitforeveryoneifadeliveryworker___50___(finish)anorderwithinthetimelimit.___51___thealgorithmdoesn’tconsiderreal-lifesituations,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Inresponsetothearticle,fooddeliverycompanyElemesaiditwouldaddanewchoiceto___52___(it)deliveryapp(應(yīng)用程序).Customerscanchooseabuttonthatsays“I’mready___53___(wait)longer”.Thisway,deliveryworkerscanhave___54___(much)timetodelivertheirorders.“Wehope___55___(thing)workout,”saysthecompany.However,thischangehasn’tpleasedeveryone.Manycustomershavepointedoutthattheappsshouldchangethealgorithms.【短文大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹中國的送餐員面臨的壓力。最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是他們送餐時間的限制,超時就會導(dǎo)致罰款,每個訂單的時間限制由算法設(shè)定。為此“餓了么”公司在其應(yīng)用程序上增加了新的選擇,但是這種改變并沒有讓所有人滿意。許多客戶指出,最重要的是應(yīng)該改變應(yīng)用程序的算法。【答案解析】46.句意:最近,中國雜志《人像》上的一篇文章顯示了這項(xiàng)工作是多么困難。根據(jù)“…articleintheChinesemagazinePortrait”可知,此處指的是一篇文章。article是以元音音素開頭的單詞,前面用冠詞an。故填an。47.句意:最近,中國雜志《人像》上的一篇文章顯示了這項(xiàng)工作是多么困難。此處是感嘆句,表示“多么困難”。核心詞是difficult,how修飾的是形容詞。故填how。48.句意:最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是他們的交付時間限制。此處“oneofthebiggestchallenges”作主語,由oneof可知謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。49.句意:每個訂單的時間限制由算法設(shè)定。此處limit與set之間是被動關(guān)系,限制是被設(shè)定的,所以要用被動語態(tài)。故填isset。50.句意:如果送餐員在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成訂單,該算法將降低對每個人的限制。主語“adeliveryworker.”是單數(shù),文章是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填finishes。51.句意:但該算法沒有考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況,比如紅燈和限速。題空前后兩句表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,意為“但是”該算法沒有考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的情況。故填But。52.句意:作為對這篇文章的回應(yīng),外賣公司“餓了么”表示,將在其外賣應(yīng)用中增加一個新的選擇。根據(jù)“deliveryapp(應(yīng)用程序)”可知,此處表示在“它的”外賣應(yīng)用中增加一個新的選擇。故填its。53.句意:顧客可以選擇一個按鈕,上面寫著“我準(zhǔn)備等更長時間”。bereadytodosth愿意去做某事。故填towait。54.句意:這樣,送餐員可以有更多的時間來遞送他們的訂單。根據(jù)“I’mready…longer”可知,“餓了么”公司在其外賣應(yīng)用程序中增加了一個新的選擇,這樣的話送餐員將有“更多”時間來遞送他們的訂單。因此用much比較級more。故填more。55.句意:我們希望事情能順利解決。hope后引導(dǎo)賓語從句,且從句缺少主語,由work可知主語為復(fù)數(shù)。故填things。五、短文首字母填空A篇Chinesedelivery(快遞)driver,GaoZhixiao,whosephotowasputonthecoverofTimesmagazineinMarchbecausehewaspickedbythemagazineasoneoftheheroes.EversinceCOVID-19brokeout,manyrestaurantsshutdownoronlyprovidedtakeoutservices.Millionsofpeoplestayedathometopreventt____56____gettingill.Peoplechoosetoorderfoodo___57___insteadofgoingout.Asaresult,deliveryo___58___greatlyincreased(增加).GaowasbornintoapoorfamilyinNingxia.Hel___59___forBeijingafterfinishingmiddleschool.A___60___tryinghishandasadishwasher,acook,andmanyotherjobs,heworkedasadeliverymanin2012.Whenthecoronavirusbrokeout,GaodecidednottogobackhomeduringtheSpringFestivalandc___61___workingbecausehethoughtcustomers(顧客)mightbeinneed.LaterthisFebruary,Gaoreceivedas____62____orderthataskedhimtosendmedicineforcoronaviruspatients.Hethoughtforamomentandpickeduptheorder.Besidesdeliveringgoods,Gaooncewarm-heartedlycookedforanelderlycustomerwhowaslivinga____63____atherhome.Gaosaid,“Ijustdow____64____IthinkIshoulddo.”O(jiān)nMarch19,Timesmagazinepublishedsixcoversforitscoronavirusissueunderthetheme“Whentheworldstops”.Ifnotforridersl_____65_____Gao,manyfamilieswouldbeinfected(感染)whileshoppingorbuyingfood.【短文大意】本文介紹中國快遞員高治曉的事跡。他的照片于3月登上了《時代》雜志的封面,他被該雜志選為英雄之一?!敬鸢附馕觥?6.句意:數(shù)百萬人呆在家里防止自己生病。根據(jù)“Millionsofpeoplestayedathometoprevent”和“gettingill”可知此處指“呆在家里防止自己生病”;主語Millionsofpeople是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其相應(yīng)的反身代詞為themselves“他們自己”。故填(t)hemselves。57.句意:人們選擇網(wǎng)上訂餐,而不外出。根據(jù)“insteadofgoingout”及首字母o可知此處應(yīng)是指“網(wǎng)上訂餐”,應(yīng)用online來表示“在網(wǎng)上”。故填(o)nline。58.句意:因此,派送訂單大幅增加。根據(jù)上文“Peoplechoosetoorderfood…insteadofgoingout”可知人們選擇在網(wǎng)上訂餐而不是外出,因此派送訂單大幅增加;“訂單”應(yīng)用名詞order,此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式orders。故填(o)rders。59.句意:他中學(xué)畢業(yè)后去了北京。根據(jù)“forBeijing”及首字母l可知此處應(yīng)用動詞短語leavefor表示“出發(fā)去(某地)”,句子應(yīng)用一般過去時,動詞leave的過去式為left。故填(l)eft。60.句意:在嘗試過做洗碗工、助理廚師和其它許多工作后,他在2012年成為了一名快遞員。根據(jù)“heworkedasadeliverymanin2012”可知此處指“在嘗試多種工作后,他成為快遞員”;根據(jù)首字母A可知應(yīng)用介詞after表示“在……之后”。故填

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