大灣區(qū)普2024屆通高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)聯(lián)合模擬考試(二)英語(yǔ)

大灣區(qū)普2024屆通高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)聯(lián)合模擬考試(二)英語(yǔ)姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五六總分評(píng)分一、第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Inthisissue,weofferupasmalltasteofavastandattractiveculinary(烹飪的)region—fromclassicdishesandtreasuredinstitutionstopioneeringchefsandnewdirections.Hereiswhatsomeofthecontributorswanttosaytoyou.PatrickHanlonAlthoughthereisalotofseaweedaroundIreland'scoast,itwasn'talwaysliked.However,it'snowbecomingincreasinglypopularasakeypartintraditionalIrishfood.ThedishIenjoyedwhilelookingoutovertheAtlanticinConnemaraperfectlyshowedhowpopularseaweedhasbecomelately.CONNEMARA,P8MikeJordanI'matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntsville,Alabama,andnowbasedinAtlanta.IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion'sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.SOUTHERNSTATES,P48SianMeadesWilliamsWhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.They'reworkinghardtomakerealchangeintheindustry,andtheirlovefortheisland,itsproduceandtheircommunityrunsthrougheverythingtheydo.SANTORINI,P66CeciliaHae-JinLeeTheculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P761．WhowritesaboutthecuisineoftheSouthernstates?A．PatrickHanlon. B．MikeJordan.C．SianMeadesWilliams. D．CeciliaHae-JinLee.2．WhatimpressedSianMeadesWilliamsduringhervisittoSantorini?A．Thediversityofcultures. B．Thelocaldessertwine.C．Thepopularityofseaweed. D．Thefemalewinemakers.3．OnwhichpagecanwereadaboutKorea'sculinaryhistory?A．P8. B．P48. C．P66. D．P76.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon'tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey'llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.Soweask:Whatwouldwewanttodoifwewereathomewithnothingtodo?WatchTV,ofcourse.DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel'ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.WhilesomeanimalbehavioristsadvocatefortheuseoftoysandpuzzlesinsteadofTV,othersbelievethatcertaintypesofprogrammingcanbebeneficialwhenthereisnothingelsegoingon.ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.Asforwhetherdogsactuallyenjoytelevisionorifwearesimplyfindingcomfortinprovidingthemwiththisveryhumanformofentertainment,thatremainsanopenquestion.4．Whoismostlikelytobetheauthorofthisarticle?A．Adogowner. B．Amobilesubscriber.C．Ananimalbehaviorist. D．AnAmericanmarketer.5．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A．Americanslikedogsbest.B．Thepetmarketisgrowing.C．Dogscosttheirownersalot.D．DogTVisgainingpopularity.6．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howdogs'needsaremet. B．WhyDogTVwascreated.C．Whatworriespetowners. D．Whofoundedthechannel.7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningSageRandall?A．Tocomparedifferentwaysoftreatingdogs.B．Toexplaindogs'fondnessforwatchingTV.C．Toillustratetheattitudeofsomepetowners.D．Toshowtheeffectoftechnologyonanimals.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Yes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Involvinghundredsofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelytorecommendacceptancewhenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone.TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.Thepaperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith'sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,anothermentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwithnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthepaper,Smith'sfameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith'sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview,whilethefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInoua'sname.Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor'snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationanddata-supportedconclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%ofreviewers,morethandoublethepercentagefortheversioncreditedonlytoInoua.Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor'sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.8．Whatdoestheterm"theMattheweffect"refertoaccordingtothispassage?A．Atopicofpublicconcern.B．Apreferenceinpublication.C．Adocumentdescribingcoins.D．Awaytogetpapersaccepted.9．WhydidtheteamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?A．Toreviewaneconomicspaper.B．Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.C．Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect.D．Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.10．Whatarepresentedinparagraphs3and4?A．Datareceptionandrelease.B．Paperdescriptionandscores.C．Researchmethodsandfindings.D．Authors'identitiesandresponses.11．Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?A．Revisingthereviewmethod. B．Readingtheonlinepreprint.C．Assessingdifferentworks. D．Addingnewinformation.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Cities,oftenseenasecologicalwastelands,actuallyhavethepotentialtoproduceexceptionalbiologists.Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity'sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機(jī)).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruralcounterparts:theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven"smarter"becausetheybalancemorerisks,suchasexposuretoroads,poisonouschemicalsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards,ofcourse,likeinhabitableparksandhuman-providedfood.Ashumanresidentsofcities,wetooadapttotherisksandchallengesofurbanliving.Thisadaptationsharpensourintuition(直覺(jué))—welearnwhichstreetstoavoidandlockourdoorsforsafety.Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.Mostoftheworld'spopulationnowaccessesgreenandbluespaces,aswellaswildlife,withinurbanneighborhoods.Natureisnolongeronlyuntouchedwilderness;itincludessoundsofhumanlaughter,trashtrucksandfirealarms.Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.12．WhatdidgrowingupinPhiladelphiateachtheauthor?A．Philadelphiaisuniquelyrichinwildlife.B．Studyingbiologyatschoolhelpsgreatly.C．Urbanwildcreaturesneedprotectiontoo.D．Citiesarefarfromecologicalwastelands.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"counterparts"inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A．Similarspecies. B．Potentialenemies.C．Naturalresources. D．Qualifiedbiologists.14．Whatexperienceshelpurbanresidentsunderstandwildlifebetter?A．Eco-friendlyhabits. B．Risk-awarebehaviors.C．Ill-informedchoices. D．Fast-pacedurbanlife.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．CitiesBuildBetterBiologistsB．WhatMakesSmarterResidents?C．UrbanAreasEncourageWildlifeD．WhoSavesEcologicalWastelands?二、第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe'reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.16．.●WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?17．.Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.Thebestmarathontrainingplanistheonethatsuitsyourneedsandpreferences.●18．?Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou'refollowing.Typically,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe16-to20-weekrange.●WhatifImisstrainingtime?It'simportanttosticktoyourtrainingplaninordertorunyourbestrace.However,noone'strainingisperfect.Don'tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.19．.●Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult.Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.20．.Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.Finally,don'tforgetaboutfuelingduringtrainingandracing,aswellaswhattowearonraceday.Withtherighttrainingplan,preparation,andattentiontothesedetails,you'llbewell-equippedtorunyourbestraceyet—whetherit'syourfirstor50th!A.TrainingplansvaryforeachrunnerB.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathonC.HowdoIdeterminemymarathongoalsD.Butyourtrainingshouldn'tfeelimpossibleE.It'sbettertoskipafewdaystoallowyourbodytorestF.TakeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossibleG.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining三、第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。It'sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)21．withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew22．ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI23．someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She24．offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy25．one,andIgratefullyacceptedher26．.WhenIwenttoJudith'shouseto27．thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould28．herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt29．tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe30．.Judith,whoisalsoa31．a(chǎn)ndhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly32．tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo33．showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly34．fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed35．,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.21．A．date B．drink C．a(chǎn)rgument D．conversation22．A．jobs B．rules C．challenges D．wishes23．A．funded B．sold C．created D．studied24．A．kindly B．proudly C．jokingly D．calmly25．A．hanging B．strugglingC．hand-made D．solar-powered26．A．offer B．claim C．decision D．donation27．A．lookfor B．pickup C．throwoff D．putaway28．A．forgive B．thank C．interview D．a(chǎn)ccompany29．A．honored B．prepared C．relaxed D．qualified30．A．checkin B．a(chǎn)ccident C．operation D．examination31．A．patient B．doctor C．cleaner D．caregiver32．A．needs B．expects C．deserves D．continues33．A．nurses B．elders C．visitors D．strangers34．A．sorry B．grateful C．responsible D．famous35．A．a(chǎn)dvice B．a(chǎn)ssistance C．information D．guidance四、第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThecoolnightfilleduswitheageranticipationaswebeganclimbingMountTai.Alongtheway,wemetfellowtravelers,allpursuing36．samegoal:thesunrise.Inthemoonlight,theirfacesseemedunfamiliar,37．oursharedpurposeunitedus."Keepgoing;wearealmostthere!"someonecheered,givingusthemotivationtocontinueaswepausedforabreak."Youcandoit!"addedanothervoice.Thesewordsof38．(encourage)werelikeawarmwind,refreshingourtiredbodiesandminds.Afteraboutfourhours,wefinallyreachedthepeak,wherethetemperaturewas39．(noticeable)lower.Wrapping40．(we)tightlyinrentedcoats,wefounda41．(suit)spotandsettleddowntoawaitthesunrise.Theskygraduallytransformed,shifting42．deepbluetorosycolors.Suddenlyaredsunjumpedoutfrombehindtheclouds,andthousandsofraysoflight43．(shine)onthepeak.Withgoldencloudsdelicatelysuspendedintheair,MountTaiappearedlikeafairyland,44．(create)abreathtakinglybeautifulscene.Bathedinthebrilliantsunlight,theentiremountainseemedtocomealivewithbirdssingingandtreesswaying,asifnatureitselfwasjoininginthecelebrationofthenewday.45．(strike)bythebeautyofthemoment,wesatthere,feelingproudtohavewitnessedsuchamagicalsight.五、第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分46．正值你校社團(tuán)招新，學(xué)校英文報(bào)發(fā)起"MyClub"主題征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文投稿，介紹并推薦你參加的一個(gè)社團(tuán)。注意：1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。六、第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Afterabusyweek,Emilyandherparentsdecidedtogoonamountainpicnic.Theylongedtofullyexperiencenature'sbeautyandenjoyqualityfamilytime.Littledidtheyknow,thisoutingwouldbefilledwithunexpectedtwistsandturns(波折).Arrivingatthemountain'sbase,theydiscoveredahouse,infrontofwhichMikeandhisfatherhadjustfinishedloadingaboatontoMike'struck.Emilyapproachedthemandaskedforthebestpicnicspotinthearea.Knowingthemountainwell,Mikesuggestedalocationabouttwohours'walkaway."It'sworththeeffort,"heassuredthem.ParkingtheircarnexttoMike'struckandcarryingtheirpicnicsupplies,Emilyandherparentssetoffonthewindingroad.Tallgreentreesononeside,aflowingstreamontheother,theroadeventuallyledthemtoabreathtakingclearingdottedwithcolorfulwildflowers.Theyenjoyedtheirdelicioussandwiches,fruits,andsnacks,engaginginpleasantconversations.Justastheyfinishedtheirmealandsettleddowntorelax,darkcloudsunexpectedlyrolledin.Itlookedlikerain.Panicked,theyhurriedlysetupthetenttheyhadbrought.Nosoonerhadtheyenteredthanraindropsbeganpouringontheroof.Heavyrainenvelopedthesurroundings,makingitimpossibletoseeanything.Theyhadnochoicebuttopatientlywaititout.Afterwhatfeltlikeacentury,therainceased.Emilyandherparentswastednotimepackinguptheirbelongings,readytogetdownhill.However,theirexcitementturnedtoworrywhentheydiscoveredthatthesmallstreamtheyhadpreviouslycrossedhadturnedintoawideandimpassableriver.Withnocellphonesignal,theyweretrappedwithoutameansofseekinghelp.Tomakemattersworse,darknesswasapproaching.注意：1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Suddenly,theyheardthesoundofavehiclefromacrosstheriver.Emilyandherparentsboardedtheboat.

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．D3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了特約作者們對(duì)于美食的介紹。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)MikeJordan部分中的"I'matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntsville,Alabama,andnowbasedinAtlanta."我是一個(gè)真正的南方人：出生在納什維爾，在阿拉巴馬州的亨茨維爾長(zhǎng)大，現(xiàn)在住在亞特蘭大。可知MikeJordan寫了關(guān)于南部州的美食。故選B。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)SianMeadesWilliams部分中的"WhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme."當(dāng)我訪問(wèn)Santorini了解更多關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)靥鹌菲咸丫苬insanto的信息時(shí)，真正給我留下深刻印象的是那些強(qiáng)大的女性釀酒師?？芍猄ianMeadesWilliams在去Santorini時(shí)對(duì)女釀酒師印象深刻，故選D。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)CeciliaHae-JinLee部分中的"SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P76"分享bibimbap的故事只揭示了我的祖國(guó)韓國(guó)美麗而動(dòng)蕩的歷史的一小部分，那里有起伏的鄉(xiāng)村、引人注目的山脈和飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的漁船。BIBIMBAP，頁(yè)碼是76，故選D?！敬鸢浮?．A5．D6．B7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了在疫情流行期間，美國(guó)人收養(yǎng)狗的數(shù)量創(chuàng)下了記錄，他們擔(dān)心新家庭成員會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，或者更糟，會(huì)啃家具。因此，狗主人想出了各種方法來(lái)陪伴狗，其中包括創(chuàng)建一個(gè)狗電視頻道。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，目的意圖和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon'tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey'llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture."在新冠疫情中，美國(guó)人收養(yǎng)的狗數(shù)量創(chuàng)下歷史新高，我們真的不喜歡把我們的新家庭成員獨(dú)自留在家里。我們擔(dān)心他們會(huì)很孤獨(dú)，或者更糟的是，會(huì)啃家具。可推知，作者可能是一位狗主人，故選A。5．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel'ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld."不出所料，該頻道80%以上的訂戶是美國(guó)人，他們構(gòu)成了世界上最大的寵物市場(chǎng)。可推知DogTV越來(lái)越受歡迎，故選D。6．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的"DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety."DogTV旨在提供感官和視覺(jué)刺激，幫助減少這種焦慮?？芍?，第三段主要介紹了創(chuàng)建DogTV的原因，故選B。7．考查目的意圖。根據(jù)第四段中的"ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat."對(duì)于像SageRandall這樣的寵物主人來(lái)說(shuō)，在2020年養(yǎng)了一只名叫CarrotCake的新狗，在家工作時(shí)陪伴著她，讓寵物獨(dú)處的內(nèi)疚感可能會(huì)很大?？芍髡咛岬絊ageRandall的目的是說(shuō)明一些寵物主人的態(tài)度。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．B9．C10．C11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)界中馬太效應(yīng)的一個(gè)實(shí)證研究，該效應(yīng)描述了在科學(xué)研究中對(duì)著名作者存在的偏見，以及這種偏見對(duì)論文發(fā)表機(jī)會(huì)的影響并提出了減少這種偏見的可能方法。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段"TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy."馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述這種偏見，多年來(lái)一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，來(lái)自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究?？芍?馬太效應(yīng)"被描述為"對(duì)著名作者的偏見"和"基于作者身份對(duì)相同作品的不同評(píng)價(jià)"。它用來(lái)描述審稿人在接受與著名作者相關(guān)的論文時(shí)，相比于鮮為人知的作者，所表現(xiàn)出的偏見。這清楚地表明，它指的是出版過(guò)程中的偏好或偏見。故選B。9．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段"TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy."馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述這種偏見，多年來(lái)一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，來(lái)自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究?？芍?，該團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究是為了深入調(diào)查這一效應(yīng)，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地回顧一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文、找先前研究的錯(cuò)誤或研究如何發(fā)布論文。故選C。10．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.("該團(tuán)隊(duì)向大約3300名研究人員發(fā)送了電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他們?yōu)橐环菡嬲钠诳瘜忛喴黄?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文；以及第四段中的"Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor'snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted."為了進(jìn)一步避免偏見，研究小組隨機(jī)分配了313名最初沒(méi)有收到作者姓名的審稿人，讓他們分別審查三篇論文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一個(gè)人的論文，另一篇是Inoua一個(gè)人的論文，還有一篇沒(méi)有作者的論文?？芍谶@兩段中，首先介紹了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)使用的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，即他們模擬了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域論文的同行評(píng)審過(guò)程，并詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體步驟。接著，在第四段中，他們呈現(xiàn)了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即論文的作者身份確實(shí)對(duì)審稿人的評(píng)分有顯著影響，這進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了"馬太效應(yīng)"的存在。因此，這兩段主要介紹了研究方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。11．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段"Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor'sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations."該團(tuán)隊(duì)警告說(shuō)，不要根據(jù)作者的身份對(duì)相同的作品進(jìn)行不同的評(píng)估，并建議雙盲評(píng)審可能會(huì)減少偏見。然而，這種方法可能并不有效，因?yàn)閷徃迦送ǔ？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)預(yù)印本或會(huì)議演講來(lái)識(shí)別作者?？芍芯咳藛T認(rèn)為減少偏見的唯一方法是修改評(píng)審方法。因此，團(tuán)隊(duì)建議的是修訂評(píng)審方法以減少偏見。故選A。【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一個(gè)來(lái)自城市的生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為城市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野外的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一樣值得研究，并且期待未來(lái)能有更多來(lái)自城市環(huán)境的生物學(xué)家一起創(chuàng)造生態(tài)學(xué)的未來(lái)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和標(biāo)題歸納三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones."雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來(lái)自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家；以及第二段"Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity'sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機(jī)).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests."以我自己為例。在費(fèi)城長(zhǎng)大讓我有了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的角度來(lái)看待城市生態(tài)。這座城市分明的季節(jié)、豐富的松鼠、排屋和節(jié)日是我的第一個(gè)生態(tài)課堂。在那里，我親眼目睹了野貓吃鳥和老鼠，人們把蝙蝠從家里趕出去，蛇被割草機(jī)殺死。這就是生態(tài)學(xué)的作用，就像在田野和森林里觀察到的一樣真實(shí)。可知，在費(fèi)城長(zhǎng)大教會(huì)作者城市并非生態(tài)荒地。故選D。13．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviors"城市地區(qū)獨(dú)特的環(huán)境促使野生動(dòng)物發(fā)展出獨(dú)特的特征和行為；以及"theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities"它們可能體型較大，在一天中的不同時(shí)間活動(dòng)，動(dòng)作不同，甚至表現(xiàn)出不同的個(gè)性。可推斷，這讓它們與農(nóng)村的野生動(dòng)物區(qū)分開來(lái)，因此推斷劃線詞"counterparts是"相似物種"之意，故選A。14．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife."我們?cè)u(píng)估威脅的能力和安全意識(shí)會(huì)影響我們的行為和選擇，就像它們對(duì)城市野生動(dòng)物的影響一樣。這些共同的經(jīng)歷使我們能夠更好地理解和欣賞城市野生動(dòng)物?？芍L(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)行為有助于城市居民更好地了解野生動(dòng)物。故選B。15．考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第一段中的"Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones."雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來(lái)自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家；以及最后一段中的"Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach."我們城市居民足智多謀，想象力豐富。我們需要更多的能力、更多的參與、更多的精力和更多的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，以創(chuàng)造應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境退化和減少生物多樣性喪失的解決方案。在各個(gè)城市尋找這樣的人才是一種實(shí)用的方法?？芍恼率孜埠魬?yīng)，點(diǎn)明主題——城市可以培養(yǎng)出更好的生物學(xué)家。故選A?！敬鸢浮?6．G；17．A；18．B；19．F；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了有關(guān)馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見問(wèn)題。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇運(yùn)動(dòng)類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe'reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline."春季馬拉松比賽即將到來(lái)，我們?cè)谶@里幫助您為起跑線做準(zhǔn)備；以及下文每段小標(biāo)題"●WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?"●我應(yīng)該使用什么培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃？；"●WhatifImisstrainingtime?"●如果我錯(cuò)過(guò)了訓(xùn)練時(shí)間怎么辦？；"●Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?"●如果我的訓(xùn)練感覺(jué)太難怎么辦？，介紹了馬拉松訓(xùn)練出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)如何解決，可知此空應(yīng)該介紹馬拉松訓(xùn)練常見問(wèn)題及其應(yīng)對(duì)辦法，G.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining"本指南解決了有關(guān)馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見問(wèn)題。"承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。17．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題"●WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?"●我應(yīng)該使用什么培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃？可知此處與訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃有關(guān)；以及空后"Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays."有些人對(duì)每周六天的高里程記錄反應(yīng)良好，而另一些人則更喜歡低強(qiáng)度的計(jì)劃，這樣可以進(jìn)行更多的交叉訓(xùn)練，減少跑步天數(shù)。介紹了訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃因人而，A.Trainingplansvaryforeachrunner"每個(gè)跑步者的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃各不相同。"承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。18．根據(jù)空后"Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou'refollowing.Typically,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe16-to20-weekrange."馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的持續(xù)時(shí)間取決于你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)水平、當(dāng)前的體能以及你所關(guān)注的專家或權(quán)威。通常，馬拉松訓(xùn)練持續(xù)12到20周，大多數(shù)計(jì)劃都在16到20周的范圍內(nèi)。可知本段介紹的是訓(xùn)練時(shí)間的問(wèn)題，B.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathon"我應(yīng)該為馬拉松訓(xùn)練多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？"符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。19．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題"●WhatifImisstrainingtime?"●如果我錯(cuò)過(guò)了訓(xùn)練時(shí)間怎么辦？；以及空前"However,noone'strainingisperfect.Don'tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances."然而，沒(méi)有人的訓(xùn)練是完美的。如果你因?yàn)樯钍录蛞馔馇闆r而錯(cuò)過(guò)了一些跑步，不要擔(dān)心。可知此處是解決訓(xùn)練時(shí)間的方法，F(xiàn).Takeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossible"深呼吸，盡快回到正軌。"承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。20．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題"●Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?"●如果我的訓(xùn)練感覺(jué)太難怎么辦？；空前"Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult.Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosom