2020中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案第二篇語法專題突破專題10非謂語動詞課件

專題(十)

非謂語動詞第二篇語法專題突破考點(diǎn)一動詞不定式1.動詞不定式的構(gòu)成:to+動詞原形;否定形式為:notto+動詞原形。2.動詞不定式的用法功能用法例句作主語常用it作形式主語,而將不定式后置。常用句型:Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.;Ittakessb.+時(shí)間段+todosth.Toswimherealoneisverydangerous.=It'sverydangeroustoswimherealone.獨(dú)自在這兒游泳很危險(xiǎn)。作表語常位于be動詞后Myjobtodayistocleantheroom.我今天的工作是打掃房間。(續(xù)表)功能用法例句作賓語一般只作某些動詞的賓語或者用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語用動詞不定式todo放在后面IdecidedtogoonatriptoDali.我決定去大理旅游。Ifounditeasytosolvethisproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問題很容易。作賓語補(bǔ)足語在使役動詞make,let,have和感官動詞hear,see,watch等后面,省略toMissLimadeusdoExerciseOne.李老師讓我們做練習(xí)一。作定語常放在所修飾詞的后面作后置定語Doyouhaveanythingtodo?你有要做的事嗎?(續(xù)表)功能用法例句作狀語一般在句中作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語Igetupearlyeverymorningtocatchtheearlybus.我每天早晨早起是為了趕早班車。與疑問詞構(gòu)成不定式短語

“疑問詞what,how,who,which,when…+todo”在句中可作主語、表語、賓語等Shereallydidn'tknowwhattodonext.她真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。3.動詞不定式考點(diǎn)歸納(1)后跟不定式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)的動詞(短語):afford,begin/start,choose,decide,try,hope/wish,expect,agree,promise,happen,refuse,learn,seem,volunteer,fail,(would)like/love,want,ask,tell,allow,warn,encourage,force,invite,teach,advise,tryone'sbest等(2)在使役動詞和一些感官動詞后用不定式作賓補(bǔ),這時(shí)要省略to。這些詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(observe,see,watch,notice)。但變被動語態(tài)時(shí),to要還原。(3)在“Whynot+動詞原形?”“hadbetter(not)+動詞原形”“Let's+動詞原形”這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,動詞不定式要省略to。Whynotgooutforawalk?為什么不出去散步呢?You'dbettergobybus.你最好乘公共汽車去?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】后跟todo作賓語的動詞(短語):①想要,拒絕,忘記(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)②需要,努力,學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)③喜歡,同意,幫助(like,agree,help)④希望,決定,開始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)4.既能接動詞不定式又能接動詞-ing形式的動詞(1)既能接動詞不定式又能接動詞-ing形式作賓語,且意義差別不大的動詞有:like,love,hate,begin,start等。Doyoulikeplaying/toplayfootball?你喜歡踢足球嗎?(2)既能接動詞不定式又能接動詞-ing形式作賓語,但意義差別很大的動詞(短語)有:(3)在think,find,make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而把不定式移至形容詞或名詞后,構(gòu)成“主語+動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞/名詞)+不定式(真正的賓語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問題很難?？键c(diǎn)二動名詞1.動名詞的構(gòu)成:動詞原形+-ing,與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)又有名詞的性質(zhì)。2.動名詞的用法功能用法例句作主語單個(gè)動名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.玩太多電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻ΑＷ髻e語動名詞作賓語表示一般的習(xí)慣性行為或經(jīng)常性動作Mysisterlikesdancingverymuch.我妹妹非常喜歡跳舞。動名詞作介詞的賓語I'mlookingforwardtogoinghome.我期待回家。(續(xù)表)功能用法例句作表語多數(shù)情況下,動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化為作主語Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)是擦窗戶。作定語位于所修飾詞之前,只表明所修飾詞的用途等MymotherboughtawashingmachinelastSunday.我媽媽上周日買了一臺洗衣機(jī)。3.后接動名詞作賓語的詞及短語(1)常接動名詞作賓語的動詞有:enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,avoid,prefer,need/require/want等(2)常接動名詞作賓語的短語有:bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,beusedto,beworth,beafraidof,beproudof,beinterestedin,can'tstop,keep/stop…from,lookforwardto,putoff,havefun,havedifficulty/problem/trouble(in)等【巧學(xué)妙記】后接動名詞作賓語的詞(短語):①完成實(shí)踐值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)②繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keepon,beusedto,giveup)③考慮建議不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)④喜歡思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)考點(diǎn)三分詞1.構(gòu)成(1)現(xiàn)在分詞:v.-ing形式,表示動作正在發(fā)生,表主動意義。(2)過去分詞:v.-ed,表示動作已經(jīng)完成,含有被動意義。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞,常用來描述“物體”,意思為“令人……”;而過去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞,常用來描述“人”,意思為“感到……”。Thisbookisveryinteresting.這本書很有趣。Weareinterestedinthisbook.我們對這本書感興趣。2.用法功能用法例句作定語①單個(gè)分詞作定語常位于所修飾的詞前②分詞短語作定語常位于所修飾的詞后Thesoldierrushedintotheburninghouse.那個(gè)士兵沖進(jìn)了著火的房子。DoyouknowtheboycalledYangLin?你認(rèn)識那個(gè)叫楊林的男孩嗎?作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語就是句子的主語Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他們有說有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。(續(xù)表)功能用法例句作表語①現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征等②過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)Thebookisveryinteresting.I'minterestedinit.這本書很有趣。我對它感興趣。作賓語補(bǔ)足語分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),常用于感官動詞和使役動詞后①賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間為主動關(guān)系或表示動作正在進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞②賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間為被動關(guān)系或表示動作已經(jīng)完成用過去分詞Iheardagirlsinginginthenextroom.我聽見有個(gè)女孩正在隔壁房間唱歌。Howbeautiful!Iwanttohavesomephotostaken.太美了!我想拍幾張照片。1.[2019·滁州一模]Theboymayhavetrouble

thewaytothezoo.Heisnewhere.

A.finding B.findsC.find D.tofind2.[2019·蕪湖模擬]Ourschooldoesn'tallow

themobilephones(手機(jī))atschool.

A.use B.used C.using D.touseAC3.[2019·和縣二模]TomorrowisMother'sDay.Don'tforgettoremindmeof

flowersformymom.

A.buying B.buy C.bought D.tobuy4.[2019·滁州月考]Atthemeeting,youmustpayattentionto

totheexpertscarefully.

A.listen B.listeningC.listened D.listensAB5.[2019·淮北一模]Theshowwassofunnythatitmadeeveryone

againandagain.

A.laugh B.laughedC.laughing D.tolaugh6.[2019·淮南月考]Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan

others.

A.help B.helpingC.helps D.tohelpAD7.[2018·阜陽一模]Ihaven'tdecidedwhen

aholidayyet.

A.took B.taking C.totake D.take[答案]C[解析]decidetodosth.決定去做某事,為固定搭配。故選C。8.[2018·合肥一模]Heusedto

inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto

inthebigcity.

A.live;living B.live;liveC.living;living D.living;live9.[2018·淮北二模]—Myhairgrowslong.Iwant