一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向22 賓語從句（課件）

一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題考向22賓語從句含義在主從復(fù)合句子中，充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語可分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句、形容詞的賓語從句。判斷賓語從句的技巧：跟在動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞后的句子為賓語從句。1.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeontimetomorrow.2.Youshouldmakethebestof

whatyouhave.3.It'sobvious

thatweareingreatneedofthemasksnow.謂語V.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句介詞prep.介詞的賓語從句形容詞adj.形容詞的賓語從句1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語①大多數(shù)位于及物動(dòng)詞后Idoubt

whether/ifhewillcometothewedding.②有些動(dòng)詞短語后。Weshouldkeepinmind

thatsportscanhelpusdevelopbothourbodiesandcharacters.③可以運(yùn)用it作形式賓語代替賓語從句A.動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而把that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。e.g.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.B.有些動(dòng)詞（詞組）帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在從句前加it.如：hate,dislike,appreciate,seeto,dependon等。Ihate

itwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.2)作介詞的賓語一般情況下介詞后常用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Wearetalkingabout

whetherweadmitstudentsintoourclubs.3)作系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。常用于此類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”的形容詞。IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousomuch.that不能省略的3種情況(1).如果從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句的that一般不可省。Myunclesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.(2).當(dāng)that作介詞except,in

的賓語時(shí)。Theybelievein

thatshemuststillbesingle.Iknownothingabouthimexcept

thatheislivinginBeijing.(3).用it做形式賓語的賓語從句時(shí)

it常可以放在動(dòng)詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語—that從句則放在句尾

.Ithinkitnecessary

thatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.2、賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞whether/if2）whether/if；是否賓語從句是一般疑問句，注意陳述語序注意：以下情況一般只用whether不用if。①引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時(shí)。Itdependsonwhetheritwillsnowtomorrow.②與ornot連用時(shí)。Iaskedyoursecretarywhethershecouldcomeornot.③與不定式連用時(shí)。Ireallydon’twantknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.有些動(dòng)詞，如leave,put,discuss,doubt等后的賓語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。④Wedoubtwhetherhewillkeephispromise.注意：havenodoutthat...⑤賓語從句前置，置于句首時(shí)。Whethertheycancomehereontime,wedon’tknow.3）特殊疑問詞what/when/where/who等。賓語從句是特殊疑問句，注意陳述語序只用whether不用if的幾種情況(1)接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothezoo.(2)與ornot連用或提出兩種選擇時(shí)。Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.I’mnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeontime.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.(3)在介詞后面時(shí).I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.Iworry

about

whetherIhurtherfeeling.

(4)賓語從句提前時(shí).Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.3.特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句此類賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，變成賓語從句后要用陳述語序，由wh-開頭的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。包括who,whom,whose,what,which等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。這些引導(dǎo)詞有各自的意思，在從句中要作相應(yīng)的成分，不能省略。Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?Hedidn’ttellmehowlonghewouldstayhere.連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what引導(dǎo)的賓從連接代詞：連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語等句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（who在從句中作主語）Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?（whom在從句中作賓語）Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass.（whose在從句中作定語）連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓從連接副詞：連接主句和從句，并在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式狀語，具有一定的意義，不可省略。Pleasetellmewhereheis.（where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語）Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（why在從句中作原因狀語）Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveameeting?（when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語）CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?（how在從句中作方式狀語）含有賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用法例句當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)Thepolicewomanaskedthelittleboywherehelived.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或祈使句，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)DoyouknowhowAmycametoschoolthismorning?Pleasetellmewhomyouwenttothegardenwiththismorning.當(dāng)賓語從句表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)或規(guī)律時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Everyoneknewthattherearesixtyminutesinanhour.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.口訣：主過從過，主現(xiàn)從不限，從句是客觀真理一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序都用陳述句語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。如果原句是由whether/if和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用陳述語序，原來的倒裝語序改成陳述語序時(shí)注意相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞的變化等。Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?

→Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?

Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.

→HeaskedmeifIgothomeverylate.注意：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語時(shí)，語序不變。What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?

作主語

作主語區(qū)別：Canyoutellmewhoheis?

作表語賓語從句中否定的轉(zhuǎn)移在第一人稱I,we與動(dòng)詞think,expect,believe,guess,suppose,consider,imagine等連用，后接賓語從句時(shí)，通常將從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞，形成否定前移，而從句用肯定形式,其反意疑問句與從句一致。即：主語為第一人稱，否定在主句，翻譯在從句。Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute，willthey？我認(rèn)為他們不會等到最后一分鐘，他們會嗎？Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?我相信他不會做這樣的事，他會嗎？賓語從句的簡化(1)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。Mikehopesthathewillbebackverysoon.→Mikehopestobebackverysoon.Theydecidedthattheywouldhelphim.→Theydecidedtohelphim.(2)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動(dòng)詞，賓語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.→Idon'tknowwhattodonext.Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.(3)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothetrainstation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation？(4)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Theleaderorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theleaderorderedustostartatonce.(5)某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorgirldoesn’tknowwhenandwhereshewasborn.→Thepoorgirldoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofherbirth.(6)某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。Lucyfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→Lucyfoundawalletlyingontheground.(7)特殊句式的簡化IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.1.

—Canyou