10-2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(北京卷)-英語試卷

第一部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes,whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.Thewomanseyefellonthemansface,andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf.

Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3.Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes.Iwasbeginningtoget4,too.

Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismotherslap,butthewomandroppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow—onelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout.

The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9,andthenrealitydawned(顯現(xiàn)).“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.”Thewomanwas10,andsowasI.

1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changedC.packed D.waved3.A.airB.joy C.spaceD.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassedC.angry D.disappointed5.A.almost B.stillC.hardly D.even6.A.drag B.climbC.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rockedC.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrelC.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow B.reliefC.panic D.pain10.A.astonished B.confusedC.concerned D.inspired第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AWhydowedream?Scientistsarentcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11.(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12.happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13.(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.

BSamisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主),andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome14.acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasntabletogivehimanyinformationabout15.shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould16.(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

CThere17.(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,18.(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,19.(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20.(invest)indisasterprevention.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship(實習(xí))atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?●Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;or.●Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamastersdegree.●Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?●Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.●Youshouldhaveagoodcommand(掌握)ofeitherEnglishorFrench.●Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.●Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.●Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?●Visa:Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.●Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.●Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.●Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.●Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.holdamastersdegreeinscience B.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage. B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Amedicalcertificateforwork. D.Financialsupportfortravel.23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?A.ContactUNESCOmanagers. B.Getaccesstothedatabase.C.Keepamotivationletterathand. D.Workinateamforsixmonths.BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester(學(xué)期)projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren(OIC).MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair(絕望)andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits—onekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans. B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade. D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren. B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateachersintroduction. D.Arepresentativescomments.26.TheauthorsOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento.

A.becomeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Onespotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated. B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Hewhohesitatesislost.CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Letslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits. B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized. D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Todaysstate-of-the-artatomic(原子的)clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscantdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyoureasking.Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo(節(jié)奏)ofhumanlife?WereincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecantcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate(調(diào)節(jié))ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthatsconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.WerenowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.Weveprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,youllseetheoppositeeffect.Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.Itsasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe(時間框架),andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemsweredevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftimesmostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature. B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit. D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto.

A.presentanassumption B.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperiment D.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife. B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower. D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetheriverstemporalframe.34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime. B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature. D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.35Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccantbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

36However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.

Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation(推測)thatitsnotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipantsstressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.

A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié),32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.Thus,itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends,familymembers,orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback.Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting.Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns.Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup(激起)anger.Fighting,however,usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks,raisingofvoices,andstormingout.Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth.Inastudy,2,000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow.Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved,theyhadhalfthereactivity(情緒反應(yīng))ofthosewhoavoidedanargument.Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions.Inotherwords,resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf.Onedaylater,peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument.Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution—andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed.Moreover,theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument.Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities.Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot.Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion,butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome.40.Accordingtothispassage,whatisarguing?41.Whyisitthat“theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument”?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth,becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry.43.Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth,whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument?(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)(20分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你和英國好友Jim原定本周末一起外出,你因故不能赴約。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件,內(nèi)容包括:1.表達歉意并說明原因;2.提出建議并給出理由。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,

Yours,LiHua●102021年英語(北京卷)英語知識運用第一節(jié)【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在火車上一位男子救下了爬上窗戶的頑皮孩子的故事。文章告訴我們:很多事情不能只看表面。1.C根據(jù)上文的“withsharpeyes(有著敏銳的目光)”以及第二段的“Hewasstillstaringather(他仍然盯著她看)”可知,中年男子一直在看著(watching)一名年輕的女子。此處為同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)?！炯记牲c撥】利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn),尋找近義詞語詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是語篇銜接的一個重要手段。它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念,使整篇文章上下連貫,有機地銜接在一起。因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境,利用文章中的語義復(fù)現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。2.A根據(jù)空格處and前的動詞“l(fā)ookeddown(低下頭)”和空格后提到的圍巾可知,女人因為感到尷尬而低頭故意整理(adjusted)圍巾。3.D根據(jù)上文的“Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes(夜?jié)u漸深了,人們開始閉上眼睛)”可知,此處指座位太不舒服了,只有睡得很沉的人才能設(shè)法休息(rest)。4.C根據(jù)“Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes”以及空格后too可知,作者和那位女士的情緒一樣是生氣的(angry)。5.B根據(jù)下文的“butthewomandroppedofftosleep”中的but可知,小男孩仍然(still)醒著。6.B根據(jù)下文的“onelegwentoverit”可知,他開始爬上(climb)半開著的窗戶——一條腿跨過了窗戶。7.A根據(jù)“beforehefellout”可知,男人跳起來是為了阻止孩子掉下去,所以要抓住(grabbed)他。8.D根據(jù)上文“Themanjumpedupandgrabbedthechildjustbeforehefellout”可知,男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的聲音(noise),把那位女士吵醒了。9.C根據(jù)上文可知,女人對男人的印象不好,女人醒來看到男人抓著自己的孩子,一定是恐慌的(panic)。10.A根據(jù)空格前的“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow”和“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime”可知,女人對男人的印象不好,但是男人卻在時刻注意著她的孩子,所以女士感到驚訝(astonished)。第二節(jié)A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章解釋了我們會做夢的原因。11.ideas考查可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)。句意:科學(xué)家們還不能完全確定,他們有不同的想法。diverse意為“不同的,多種多樣的”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填ideas。12.that考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是不定代詞everything,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做主語,所以填關(guān)系代詞that。13.connects考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞“turns”可知,從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。由于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)it,所以填connects。B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了生活播主Sam救助一個老太太的故事。14.on考查介詞。表示“在具體的某一天”或“(在具體的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,須用介詞on。15.where考查賓語從句。根據(jù)空后的“shelived”可知,此處意為“這個可憐的老太太說不清楚她住在哪里”。根據(jù)句意,此處用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。16.safely考查副詞。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞修飾動詞短語“waitforthepolice”,所以用副詞做狀語,故填safely。C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。在過去的20年里,極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加,造成了極大的經(jīng)濟損失,因此人們急需投資于災(zāi)害預(yù)防。17.hasbeen考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一份新報告,過去20年里,極端天氣事件的數(shù)量急劇增加,這在很大程度上是由全球氣溫上升造成的。根據(jù)時間狀語“overthepast20years”可知,句子的時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語是adramaticrise,所以填hasbeen。18.caused考查非謂語動詞。所填的詞和“adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweatherevents”是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,所以用動詞-ed形式。19.resulting考查非謂語動詞。“7,348majornaturaldisasters”與result是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且表示一種自然的結(jié)果,所以用動詞-ing形式做結(jié)果狀語。20.toinvest考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞做定語修飾need,表示未來的動作,所以用不定式,故填toinvest。閱讀理解第一節(jié)A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國教科文組織的實習(xí)項目。21.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whataretherequirements?部分中的“YoushouldhaveagoodcommandofeitherEnglishorFrench.(你應(yīng)該精通英語或法語)”可知,申請者必須精通英語或法語。故選C項。22.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分中的“UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.”可知,聯(lián)合國教科文組織將為實習(xí)生提供有限的醫(yī)療保險。故選A項。23.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.”可知,在填寫申請表之前,申請人應(yīng)把動機信準(zhǔn)備好。故選C項。B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一開始認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目(OIC)不會達到他的期望,但是最后通過努力對自己和他人都帶來了影響。24.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.(我對這個組織的第一印象是,它不會對我心中的計劃產(chǎn)生足夠大的影響)”可知,一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到他的期望。故選D項。25.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.TheirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespairandneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.(當(dāng)我上網(wǎng)訪問OIC網(wǎng)站時,我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉上有力地傳達出了他們的絕望和需要幫助的信息,我毫不猶豫地加入了這個項目)”可知,伊拉克兒童圖片讓作者改變了他對這個項目的態(tài)度。故選A項。26.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”可知,作者所在的伊拉克兒童行動組織將幫助十個伊拉克兒童繼續(xù)接受教育。故選B項。27.B推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到自己的期望,但是最后通過努力對自己和他人都帶來了影響,這說明第一印象并不總是可信的。故選B項。C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文,文章闡述了全球崩塌(globalcollapse)的概念。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告:政策制定者和我們每個人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風(fēng)險。28.D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句的“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableis...(呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關(guān)注……)”,結(jié)合下文的“...inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmosttechnologicallyadvancednations.(……此時此刻,在世界上技術(shù)最先進的國家,仍處于無法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟危機的泥潭中)”可知,世界充滿了不確定性,而此時此刻呼吁人們對這種“unthinkable”加以關(guān)注,正是和世界實際情況密切相關(guān)的。D項“相關(guān)的”符合語境。故選D項。29.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.(然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略。我們都希望事情在未來會變好)”可知,作者認(rèn)為公眾對“全球崩塌”的重視意識不夠,比較擔(dān)心。故選A項。30.B推理判斷題?！癕anisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.(人類是麻醉品的受害者;沉迷于無可救藥的幻想中)”表達的是,人類無視未來全球崩塌的巨大危險,把頭埋進沙子里,假裝不知道,充滿著不切實際的幻想和希望。詩歌之后的一段則借學(xué)者之口,提到“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題,真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況,使未來沒那么糟”。由此可見,上下文一脈相承,表達相同的觀點,沒有對另一方的觀點有任何呈現(xiàn)。理解文章后可知,作者對于這首詩所表達的信息是贊同的。故選B項。D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是議論文。文章通過討論時間的定義,講述了人們應(yīng)該和大自然和諧相處,保護環(huán)境。31.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Evenadvancedphysicscantdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyoureasking.(即使是先進的物理學(xué)也不能決定性地告訴我們時間是什么,因為答案取決于你要問的問題)”以及上文列舉的St.Augustine和AlbertEinstein對于時間的定義可知,第一段主要講述每個人都可以用自己的話來定義時間。故選B項。32.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“WereincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecantcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(我們越來越意識到,我們不能只是用工程學(xué)來控制地球系統(tǒng),意識到,如果我們希望保持平衡,我們就需要調(diào)節(jié)我們的行動)”,再結(jié)合三個問題“如果我們不考慮天文學(xué)方面的時間,而是將時間與生態(tài)學(xué)聯(lián)系起來呢?如果我們允許環(huán)境條件來設(shè)定人類生活的節(jié)奏呢?如果時間的定義反映那些會怎么樣呢?”可知,第二段提出的三個問題是為了介紹方法。故選D項。33.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,youllseetheoppositeeffect.(如果河流在未來的平均運行速度更快,時間就會超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間。如果它們的運行速度較慢,你就會看到相反的效果)”可知,如果河流運行速度得較慢,原子時間將超過河流時間。故選C項。34.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(意識到,如果我們希望保持平衡,我們就需要調(diào)節(jié)我們的行動)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“