第13講-應(yīng)用文寫作(外研版2019選擇必修1)(解析版)

第13講應(yīng)用文寫作復(fù)習(xí)高一應(yīng)用文寫作和提前預(yù)習(xí)高二常見應(yīng)用文文體寫法掌握常見應(yīng)用文寫作策略和寫作技巧1.文體形式縱觀歷年高考試卷可以看出，書面表達(dá)題采用指導(dǎo)性寫作或控制性寫作結(jié)合開放式作文的形式，指導(dǎo)性寫作大多通過提綱、圖畫、圖表等方式限定內(nèi)容、人稱、時態(tài)、字?jǐn)?shù)、文體等，自由發(fā)揮的空間不大。開放式作文通?？勺杂砂l(fā)揮，表明自己獨特的看法或觀點?！犊荚嚧缶V》把高考英語作文定義為“情景表達(dá)”。情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。從近五年高考書面表達(dá)考查方式分布表來看，情景提供形式以提綱為主流，多以書信形式呈現(xiàn)。書信是高考英語書面表達(dá)中比較常見的考查方式。在文體上,書信包括商務(wù)信函和私人信函。從內(nèi)容方面說,書信包括邀請信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、慰問信、介紹信、自薦信、咨詢信、求助信和求職信等。在格式上有些比較正式,有些則隨意一些。2，題材特點(1)題材貼近學(xué)生生活。(2)突出考查考生實際運用語言的能力?，F(xiàn)實感強，情景逼真，易于動筆?？忌x完題以后，覺得有好多話可寫，具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性。3.解題步驟（1）全面審題、文體格式，主題人稱。（2）列好提綱，理順要點,添加過渡，使用高級結(jié)構(gòu)，提高寫作檔次。（3）工整謄寫，仔細(xì)檢查。4.寫作技巧1.正確性：書面表達(dá)必須堅持正確第一的原則，保證所寫句子在語法上、結(jié)構(gòu)上是正確的、得體的，尤其是文章的開頭和結(jié)尾。2.條理性：在確保正確的前提下，適當(dāng)運用一些連接詞或連接句，使文章條理清晰。同時還要學(xué)會分段，使用三段式。3.多樣性：在確保正確的前提下，要追求句型表達(dá)的多樣性。4.復(fù)雜性：在確保正確的前提下，要追求詞匯詞組及句型的復(fù)雜性。5.規(guī)范性：要用黑色筆答題，不亂涂亂劃，不超出答題區(qū)域，字跡要端正，標(biāo)點符號不亂用?？键c1：求職信高級表達(dá)1.applyfor申請2.holdanimportantpositionin…在…占據(jù)重要位置3.beadmittedinto…被…錄取4.e-mailsb.at…按…地址給某人發(fā)電子郵件5.inaddition此外6.experienced有經(jīng)驗的promising有希望的7.sincemygraduation/graduatingfrom自從我從…畢業(yè)以來8.beaccepted被接受9.reach/realize/accomplishone’sdream/aim/goal實現(xiàn)理想/目標(biāo)例1．【翻譯】e.g.Tomusedtoholdanimportantpositioninthiscompany._____________________________________________________________e.g.Pleasee-mailmeatRedstarhotel@._____________________________________________________________考點2：求助信1.challenge挑戰(zhàn)2.facing面臨（常置于句首作狀語）3.facedwith面臨（常置于句首作狀語）4.begsb.todosth.懇求某人做某事5.begsb.ofsth.懇求某人提供某物e.g.CanIbegyouofyourhelp?6.begsb.forsth.向某人懇求某物7.average一般的8.followone’sadvice采納某人的建議9.makeprogress取得進步10.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困難11.havetroubleindoingsth.做某事很費力12.taketroubletodosth.費力地做某事e.g.Iusuallytaketroubletounderstandthetext.13.helpsb.outofdifficulty幫助某人擺脫困境14.wouldlikesb.todosth.請某人做某事例2．【翻譯】e.g.Facingsomuchpressure,shedidn’tknowwhattodo.e.g.Facedwithsomuchpressure,shecouldhardlystandit.e.g.I’llfollowyouradviceandtrytodomyworkwell.e.g.I’msurewithyourhelpI’llmakegreaterprogressinmyEnglishstudy.e.g.IhavemuchdifficultyinmyEnglishstudy.考點3：調(diào)查報告1.makeup占e.g.Thesmokersmakeuphalfofthetotalnumberoftheparedwith和…相比e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.3.increase上升decrease下降4.goup上升dropdown下降e.g.Recentlythetemperatureherehasbeengoingup.5.aquarterof四分之一threequartersof四分之三e.g.Aquarterofthevillagershavegrownrichonsellingvegetables.6.…timesas…as…是…的…倍7.…timeshigher/longerthan…比…高/長…倍e.g.Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.8.takeplace發(fā)生9.takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌e.g.Now,thetowntakesanewlook.10.asmany/high/longas+數(shù)詞多/高/長達(dá)…e.g.Asmanyastenstudentsarelatetoday.11.moreorless大約12.withthedevelopmentof隨著…的發(fā)展例3【翻譯】e.g.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,thistownwillbecomemoreandmorebeautiful.e.g.Therearesixtystudentsmoreorlessinthisclass.e.g.Thenumberofthestudentswhooftenplaycomputergamesisincreasing.e.g.Comparedwithboys,girlsareeasiertobecomefat.e.g.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydidlastyear.e.g.Inrecentyearsgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthevillage.考點4：人物介紹1.bereadytodosth.樂意做某事e.g.Iknowthatsheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.fasionable時尚的humorous幽默的gentle文雅的3.suchis這就是（用于對人物介紹作總結(jié)）e.g.SuchisourEnglishteacher,akindandhardworkingman.4.beelectedamodel…被選為模范e.g.Hismotherisoftenelectedamodelworker.5.bedeeplyrespectedandloved深受人們尊敬和愛戴6.wingreathonorfor…為…贏得巨大榮譽7.break/keeptherecordof…打破/保持…紀(jì)錄8.setanewrecord創(chuàng)造新紀(jì)錄例4【翻譯】*Asyoucanimagine,itisverydifficulttolearnmath.Istayedatherhomeforaweek,duringwhichtimeIdiscussedmanyproblemwithher.ThisisthegirlwithoutwhomIcouldn’thavewonthebigprize.ThisistheboywithwhosesisterIhavealreadyworkedfortenyears.我和他姐姐已經(jīng)一起工作了10年?？键c5：地點介紹1.lieinthecenterof位于…的中心2.suchas諸如3.lieintheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的東/西/南/北部4.lie(to)/ontheeast/west/south/northof…位于…的東/西/南/北邊[兩地(不)接壤]5.coveronareaof覆蓋…的面積e.g.Ourcitycoversanareaof10000squarekilometers.6.haveapopulationof有…人口7.behigh/richin含有豐富的…e.g.Thissmallcountryishigh/richinnaturalresources.8.a…withgreenhillsandbeautifulriverseg.Thisisavillagewithgreenhillsandbeautifulrivers.9.befamous/well-knownfor因…出名eg.Asweallknow,HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.例5【單句填空】*Solongasyougetthereintime,youcanseehim.只要你及時趕到那里，你就能看到他。IputabookmarkwhereIhadaquestion.我在有問題的地方放了一張書簽。Ourschoollieswherethereusedtobeachurch.過去在我們學(xué)校所在的地方有一座教堂?？键c6：邀請信邀請信（校園活動）文章的基本框架：這類書面表達(dá)的一般寫作格式為：1.Beginning____問候，自我介紹；寫作背景，寫作目的____Point1____時間，地點（表達(dá)法）2.BodyPoint2________活動安排Point3_________歡迎他表演節(jié)目或活動目的_________3.Ending____希望，感謝（問候），期待Step2教學(xué)過程話題詞匯(漢譯英）1．___________________邀請2．___________________裁判，評委3．___________________節(jié)日4．___________________比賽5．___________________日程表6.___________________安排7.___________________舉辦8.___________________目的9.___________________參加10.___________________表演11.___________________活動12.___________________期待13.__________________希望14.___________________主題15.___________________考慮16.___________________感激答案：1．___________________邀請invite2．___________________裁判，評委judge3．___________________節(jié)日festival4．___________________比賽competition5．___________________日程表schedule6.___________________安排arrange7.___________________舉辦hold8.___________________目的purpose9.___________________參加takepartin10.___________________表演performance11.___________________活動activity12.___________________期待lookforwardto13.__________________希望hope14.___________________主題theme15.___________________考慮consider16.___________________感激appreciate話題句式（英譯漢）【邀請信審題分析-寫作要點歸納】第一段：問候+（自我介紹）+背景信息+寫作目的問候：Howareyoudoing?/Howiseverythinggoing?/Howisitgoing?背景信息：1.從句引出（I’mdelightedtotellyou…）直接表達(dá)：Ourschoolwillholda/an…/Ourclassplantovisit…寫作目的：I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus./Iwouldinviteyoutojoinus.第二段：主干要點（活動介紹+拓展句）拓展的范圍：活動安排：活動名稱、活動時間、地點、內(nèi)容、參加人員、活動的作用或目等活動地點：…willbeheldin/on/at…活動時間：…willstartat/bescheduledtostartat/on…/this/next/lastSunday活動內(nèi)容：therewillbevariousactivities/performances(suchas)…somefamousartistswilloffersomecourseson…Ourheadmasterwilldeliveraspeechon…參加人員：Alltheteachersandstudentswillattend.活動作用或目的：aimto/inorderto/notonly…butalso第三段:邀請+期待答復(fù)希望參加或邀請Isincerelyhopeyouwilltakethechance.Isincerelyexpectyoutocome.IhopeyouwillacceptmyinvitationandIbelieveyouwillhaveagreattimethere.期待答復(fù)Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.例6【寫作模板】Dear___________,Howiseverythinggoing?I’m_______fromChina.I'mmorethandelightedtoinformyouthat___________________willhold_______________.SoI'mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus.Atthebeginningoftheactivity,__________________willstart_______________________.Afterthat,therewillbevariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedandexcellentpeople.Besides,_________________________,whichwillhelpyou_____________.Iamsureyouwillhaveareallygoodtimethere.Idohopethatyoucanjoinus.Pleasefeelfreetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.I'mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua升級模板：Dear_______, Knowingyouarefascinatedby_________

（非謂語解釋說明背景）,Iamextremelydelightedtoinviteyouto_________

（邀請事宜）.Herearesomedetailsconcerningit. Asscheduled,the_______

(活動)willbein_______

(地點)on________(舉辦日期),whichwilllastfor__________(定語從句進一步解釋說明持續(xù)時間).

Duringtheexhibition,awiderangeofactivitieswillbeheld,enablingyoutohaveabetterunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.

Tobeginwith,itwillprovideyouwithaplatformto________(具體活動1).

Additionally,whatyouwillalsoenjoyis________

（具體活動2）.I’mconfidentthatyouwillhaveawonderfultime. Isincerelyhopethatyoucanattendthe_______

(活動).Pleaseconfirmyourpresenceatyourearliestconvenience.Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.Yours,LiHua考點7：演講稿1．___________________環(huán)境2．___________________平衡3．___________________污染4．___________________能源5．___________________重復(fù)使用6.___________________缺少7.___________________供應(yīng)不足8.___________________節(jié)水習(xí)慣9.__________________自然資源10.___________________災(zāi)難11.___________________生態(tài)系統(tǒng)12.___________________瀕危的13.__________________可回收的14.___________________職責(zé)15.___________________關(guān)注16.___________________意識答案：1．___________________環(huán)境environment2．___________________平衡balance3．___________________污染pollute4．___________________能源energy5．___________________重復(fù)使用reuse6.___________________缺少shortage7.___________________供應(yīng)不足beinshortsupply8.___________________節(jié)水習(xí)慣water-savinghabit9.__________________自然資源naturalresources10.___________________災(zāi)難disaster11.___________________生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecosystem12.___________________瀕危的endangered13.__________________可回收的recyclable14.___________________職責(zé)duty15.___________________關(guān)注payattentionto16.___________________意識awareness例7【單句填空】Hi,everyone/Ladiesandgentlemen!自我介紹；②；③；④；⑤舉措二；⑥舉措三；⑦舉措四。I'm自我介紹.It'smygreathonortobehereto表示榮幸并引出話題.Asweallknow,分析問題，展開論述.Therefore,it'shightimewedidsomethingaboutit.Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,isto舉措一.Secondly,newmethodsneedtobe舉措二.Thirdly,wemust舉措三.Lastbutnotleast,it'severyone'sresponsibilityto舉措四.That'sall.Thankyou.（全國卷3）假定你是李華，你校將舉辦音樂節(jié)。請寫封郵件邀請你的英國朋友Allen參加，內(nèi)容包括：時間；活動安排歡迎他表演節(jié)目注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫【參考范文】DearAllen,Howiseverythinggoing?OurschoolwillholdamusicfestivalnextSundaymorningintheschoolhall.AndI’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinus.Theopeningceremonywillstartat9:00am,andtheschoolmasterwilldeliveraspeech.Thentherewillbevariousfantasticperformancesplayedbytalentedstudents.Youaredefinitelywelcometoshowuponstage,whichwilladdcolorandfuntoourfestival.IhopeyouwillacceptmyinvitationandIbelieveyouwillhaveagreattimethere.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Bestwishes.Yours,LiHua（全國卷1）假定你是李華，暑假在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)，得知當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國畫展。請寫一封信申請做志愿者，內(nèi)容包括：1．寫信目的：2．個人優(yōu)勢：3．能做的事情。【參考范文】DearSirorMadam, ①BeingastudentfromChina,I’mwritingthislettertoapplyforthevoluntarypositioninourlocalgallerywherevoluntaryworkersareingreatdemand.②AndI’mreallywillingtoexpectyoucanconsidermeintothisposition. GiventhatIcanspeakbothEnglishandfluentChineseandI’moutgoing,sociableandresponsible,IdobelieveI’msuitableforthisposition.③Inaddition,throughthis,NotonlycanIimprovemyoralEnglishbutIcanintroduceChinesepaintingandcalligraphyculturetovisitorsfromallovertheworld.④Iwouldalsowouldliketoholdthisopportunitytodeepenvisitors’understandingofChinaanditspaintingandcalligraphyculture.Ihopeit’spossibletobeacceptedasavolunteerofourgallery. Yourpromptreplywillbehighlyappreciated.Yours,LiHua假定你是李華，想邀請外教Henry一起參觀中國剪紙（paper-cutting）藝術(shù)展。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.展覽時間、地點；2.展覽內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考范文：DearHenry，I’mLiHua,oneofyourstudentsinyourculturalclass.Iknowyou’reinterestedinoneofChinesetraditionalartforms—paper-cutting.SoIinviteyoutoattendanexhibitionofit.It’llbeheldfromJune10toJuly10thisyearandtheopeningtimeisfrom9：00amto7：00pmfromMondaytoSaturdayandtheplaceoftheexhibitionisattheCityGallery,whichislocatedat118,JianGuoRoad,HaiDianDistrict.ShallwegotheretogetherthisFridayafternoon?Iwillmeetyouat2：00pmattheteachingbuildinggateifyoulike.YouknowweChinesehavealotoftraditionalartforms,ofwhichpaper-cuttingisoneofthemostpopular.Intheexhibition,youwillenjoymanyspecialkindsofpaper-cuttings.Maybeyoucanlearnoneortwoskillsofthecutting.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua假如你叫李華，學(xué)校學(xué)生會主席。為迎接3月21日世界森林日（WorldForestDay）的到來，請你用英語寫一篇演講稿，號召全校師生保護地球森林資源。要點如下：1、森林的重要性。2、如何保護好地球上的森林。注意：1、字?jǐn)?shù)80左右；2、可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3、開頭和結(jié)尾己給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Goodmorning,Ladiesandgentlemen,It’sagreathonorformetostandhereandgivemyspeechabouthowtoprotectourforestintheearth.

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